| Part of a series on |
| Islamic jurisprudence (Fiqh) |
|---|
| Islamic studies |
Purity (Arabic: طهارة, Tahara(h)) is an essential aspect of Islam. (The same term taharah is also found in Hebrew and can apply to purity in Ancient Israel and modern Judaism also).
The Qur'an says: “In it there are men who love to observe purity and Allah loves those who maintain purity.”[Quran 9:108]
Observing cleanliness of the body, the clothes and the surroundings is obligatory upon every Muslim, and this is considered as one of the pillars of Islam for the Ismailis.
Before offering prayers it is necessary to perform wudu and in certain cases wudu and ghusl both. The purifying agent is always pure water. However, during times when water is not available or is scarce, symbolic wudu and ghusl can be performed with clean dry earth which is known as 'Tayammum'.
If the body or clothes show traces of blood, pus, urine, feces, semen or alcohol, then Taharat becomes essential. The clothes should be washed and the affected part of the body cleaned with pure water, or the whole body given as ghusl as the case may be.
A person must not touch the Qur'an if the person is not in the state of Taharat. The Qur'an says: “None shall touch it but those who are clean.”[Quran 56:79] However, it is reliably narrated (Bukhari and Muslim) that the Prophet let nothing keep him from the Qur'an except a state of janaba (sexual defilement), which requires ghusl to expunge. When in a state of janaba, one is not allowed even to recite the Qur'an, let alone touch it, but in a state of minor ritual impurity, it is considered acceptable (in some schools, makruh) to handle the Qur'an and to read it, and is considered to be acceptable (neutral, mubah) to recite it, although it is better liked (recommended, mustahabb) to be ritually pure when reading or reciting the Qur'an, or handling a mushaf (printed copy of the Qur'an). A mushaf is only a Qur'an if it is the Arabic Qur'anic text, and a book that contains more than 50% non-Qur'anic material is not viewed as a Qur'an for the above purposes, even if it contains verses of the Qur'an or the entire Qur'anic text. Examples would be a tafsir, such as that of Ibn Kathir or Ibn Taymiyyah, or a translation of the Qur'an such as Yusuf Ali's (with commentary) which contains over fifteen times as much text in footnotes than it does in Qur'anic text or Qur'anic interpretation in either Arabic or English, or a book of hadith that contains Qur'anic verses embedded in the narrations.
Cleaning teeth is also very important. Muhammad is reported to have said that the angels of mercy turn away from a person whose mouths emits foul smell because of unclean teeth. It is not only unhygienic to neglect cleaning teeth but also an anti-social habit likely to repel people from one's presence. It is narrated by Ibn Majah to "Use the Miswaak, for verily, it purifies the mouth, and it is a Pleasure for the Lord. Jib-ra-eel (A.S.) exhorted me so much to use the Miswaak that I feared that its use would be decreed obligatory upon me and upon my Ummah. If I did not fear imposing hardship on my Ummah I would have made its use obligatory upon my people. Verily, I use the Miswaak so much that I fear the front part of my mouth being peeled (by constant and abundant brushing with the Miswaak)."
The mixed views on the subject came about because tobacco had not been introduced to Arabia at the time when the Qur'an was written in the 7th century A.D. Therefore, one cannot find a verse of Qur'an or words of prophet Muhammad saying clearly that "Smoking is forbidden." However, there are many instances where the Qur'an gives general guidelines, and calls upon Muslims to use their reason and intelligence, and seek guidance from Allah about what is right and wrong. It is universally understood that smoking causes a number of health problems that often ultimately result in death: smoking is, depending on the madhhab, considered to be either makruh or haram, but in Sunni madhhabs it is not considered to cause one to lose ritual purity.