TRIM22
Tripartite motif-containing 22, also known as TRIM22, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the TRIM22 gene.[1][2][3]
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family.[4] The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. This protein localizes to the cytoplasm and its expression is induced by interferon.[1] TRIM22 is also a target gene of the tumor suppressor protein p53.[5]
TRIM22 possesses E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and is able to ubiquitinate itself with the assistance of the E2 enzyme UbcH5B. Furthermore TRIM22 is located in the nucleus and therefore may function as a nuclear E3 ubiquitin ligase.[6]
Clinical significance
The protein down-regulates transcription from the HIV-1 long terminal repeat promoter region, suggesting that function of this protein may be to mediate interferon's antiviral effects.[1][2] Other proteins that function to restrict HIV replication include TRIM5alpha and APOBEC3G.[7]
It has been demonstrated that treatment of cells with interferon type I inhibits HIV replication and TRIM22 is strongly up-regulated by interferon treatment. Furthermore HIV particle release from cells depleted of TRIM22 with RNA interference is enhanced. TRIM22 appears to prevent the movement of the HIV Gag protein to the plasma membrane and hence TRIM22 can block HIV replication in cell cultures by preventing the assembly of the virus.[8][9]
References
- ^ a b c "Entrez Gene: TRIM22 tripartite motif-containing 22". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=10346.
- ^ a b Tissot C, Mechti N (June 1995). "Molecular cloning of a new interferon-induced factor that represses human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat expression". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (25): 14891–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.25.14891. PMID 7797467. http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/270/25/14891.
- ^ Gongora C, Tissot C, Cerdan C, Mechti N (November 2000). "The interferon-inducible Staf50 gene is downregulated during T cell costimulation by CD2 and CD28". J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 20 (11): 955–61. doi:10.1089/10799900050198390. PMID 11096452.
- ^ Reymond A, Meroni G, Fantozzi A, Merla G, Cairo S, Luzi L, Riganelli D, Zanaria E, Messali S, Cainarca S, Guffanti A, Minucci S, Pelicci PG, Ballabio A (May 2001). "The tripartite motif family identifies cell compartments". EMBO J. 20 (9): 2140–51. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.9.2140. PMC 125245. PMID 11331580. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=125245. Retrieved 2009-02-22.
- ^ Obad S, Olofsson T, Mechti N, Gullberg U, Drott K (October 2007). "Regulation of the interferon-inducible p53 target gene TRIM22 (Staf50) in human T lymphocyte activation". J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 27 (10): 857–64. doi:10.1089/jir.2006.0180. PMID 17970695. http://luur.lub.lu.se/luur?func=downloadFile&fileOId=548138.
- ^ Duan Z, Gao B, Xu W, Xiong S (September 2008). "Identification of TRIM22 as a RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligase". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 374 (3): 502–6. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.07.070. PMID 18656448.
- ^ Huthoff H, Towers GJ (December 2008). "Restriction of retroviral replication by APOBEC3G/F and TRIM5alpha". Trends Microbiol. 16 (12): 612–9. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2008.08.013. PMID 18976920.
- ^ "Researchers discover gene that blocks HIV". Medicine & Health / HIV & AIDS. PhysOrg.com. 2008-02-29. http://www.physorg.com/news123505489.html. Retrieved 2009-02-22.
- ^ Barr SD, Smiley JR, Bushman FD (February 2008). Hope, Thomas J.. ed. "The interferon response inhibits HIV particle production by induction of TRIM22". PLoS Pathog. 4 (2): e1000007. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000007. PMC 2279259. PMID 18389079. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2279259.
Further reading
- Tissot C, Mechti N (1995). "Molecular cloning of a new interferon-induced factor that represses human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat expression.". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (25): 14891–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.25.14891. PMID 7797467.
- Tissot C, Taviaux SA, Diriong S, Mechti N (1996). "Localization of Staf50, a member of the Ring finger family, to 11p15 by fluorescence in situ hybridization.". Genomics 34 (1): 151–3. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0258. PMID 8661041.
- Gongora C, Tissot C, Cerdan C, Mechti N (2001). "The interferon-inducible Staf50 gene is downregulated during T cell costimulation by CD2 and CD28.". J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 20 (11): 955–61. doi:10.1089/10799900050198390. PMID 11096452.
- Reymond A, Meroni G, Fantozzi A, et al. (2001). "The tripartite motif family identifies cell compartments.". EMBO J. 20 (9): 2140–51. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.9.2140. PMC 125245. PMID 11331580. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=125245.
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139241.
- Izmailova E, Bertley FM, Huang Q, et al. (2003). "HIV-1 Tat reprograms immature dendritic cells to express chemoattractants for activated T cells and macrophages.". Nat. Med. 9 (2): 191–7. doi:10.1038/nm822. PMID 12539042.
- Obad S, Brunnström H, Vallon-Christersson J, et al. (2004). "Staf50 is a novel p53 target gene conferring reduced clonogenic growth of leukemic U-937 cells.". Oncogene 23 (23): 4050–9. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1207524. PMID 15064739.
- Fu GK, Wang JT, Yang J, et al. (2005). "Circular rapid amplification of cDNA ends for high-throughput extension cloning of partial genes.". Genomics 84 (1): 205–10. doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2004.01.011. PMID 15203218.
- Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=528928.
- Lim J, Hao T, Shaw C, et al. (2006). "A protein-protein interaction network for human inherited ataxias and disorders of Purkinje cell degeneration.". Cell 125 (4): 801–14. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.032. PMID 16713569.
- Bouazzaoui A, Kreutz M, Eisert V, et al. (2007). "Stimulated trans-acting factor of 50 kDa (Staf50) inhibits HIV-1 replication in human monocyte-derived macrophages.". Virology 356 (1-2): 79–94. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2006.07.025. PMID 16926043.
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| ATP-dependent remodeling factors |
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see also transcription factor/coregulator deficiencies
B bsyn: dna (repl, cycl, reco, repr) · tscr (fact, tcrg, nucl, rnat, rept, ptts) · tltn (risu, pttl, nexn) · dnab, rnab/runp · stru (domn, 1°, 2°, 3°, 4°)
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