Epithelial cell adhesion molecule
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EPCAM gene.[1][2][3] EpCAM has also been designated as TACSTD1 (tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 1) and CD326 (cluster of differentiation 326).
Function
EpCAM is a pan-epithelial differentiation antigen that is expressed on almost all carcinomas. Its constitutional function is being elucidated. It is intricately linked with the Cadherin-Catenin pathway and hence the fundamental WNT pathway responsible for intracellular signalling and polarity. It has been used as an immunotherapeutic target in the treatment of gastrointestinal, urological and other carcinomas.[4] It is expressed in undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells.[5]
It is identical with the 17-1A antigen.[6]
Clinical significance
EpCAM is a carcinoma-associated antigen and is a member of a family that includes at least two type I membrane proteins. This antigen is expressed on most normal epithelial cells and gastrointestinal carcinomas and functions as a homotypic calcium-independent cell adhesion molecule. The antigen is being used as a target for immunotherapy treatment of human carcinomas.[3]
Edrecolomab, catumaxomab and other monoclonal antibodies are designed to bind to it.[7]
References
- ^ Linnenbach AJ, Seng BA, Wu S, Robbins S, Scollon M, Pyrc JJ, Druck T, Huebner K (Apr 1993). "Retroposition in a family of carcinoma-associated antigen genes". Mol Cell Biol 13 (3): 1507–15. PMC 359462. PMID 8382772. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=359462.
- ^ Calabrese G, Crescenzi C, Morizio E, Palka G, Guerra E, Alberti S (Apr 2001). "Assignment of TACSTD1 (alias TROP1, M4S1) to human chromosome 2p21 and refinement of mapping of TACSTD2 (alias TROP2, M1S1) to human chromosome 1p32 by in situ hybridization". Cytogenet Cell Genet 92 (1-2): 164–5. doi:10.1159/000056891. PMID 11306819.
- ^ a b "Entrez Gene: TACSTD1 tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 1". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4072.
- ^ Chaudry MA, Sales K, Ruf P, Lindhofer H, Winslet MC (April 2007). "EpCAM an immunotherapeutic target for gastrointestinal malignancy: current experience and future challenges". Br. J. Cancer 96 (7): 1013–9. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6603505. PMC 2360124. PMID 17325709. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2360124.
- ^ Sundberg, M; Jansson, L; Ketolainen, J; Pihlajamäki, H; Suuronen, R; Skottman, H; Inzunza, J; Hovatta, O et al. (2009). "CD marker expression profiles of human embryonic stem cells and their neural derivatives, determined using flow-cytometric analysis, reveal a novel CD marker for exclusion of pluripotent stem cells.". Stem cell research 2 (2): 113–24. doi:10.1016/j.scr.2008.08.001. PMID 19383417.
- ^ Balzar M, Winter MJ, de Boer CJ, Litvinov SV (October 1999). "The biology of the 17-1A antigen (Ep-CAM)". J. Mol. Med. 77 (10): 699–712. doi:10.1007/s001099900038. PMID 10606205.
- ^ Punt CJ, Nagy A, Douillard JY, Figer A, Skovsgaard T, Monson J, Barone C, Fountzilas G, Riess H, Moylan E, Jones D, Dethling J, Colman J, Coward L, MacGregor S (August 2002). "Edrecolomab alone or in combination with fluorouracil and folinic acid in the adjuvant treatment of stage III colon cancer: a randomised study". Lancet 360 (9334): 671–7. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09836-7. PMID 12241873.
Further reading
- Bergsagel PL, Victor-Kobrin C, Timblin CR, et al. (1992). "A murine cDNA encodes a pan-epithelial glycoprotein that is also expressed on plasma cells.". J. Immunol. 148 (2): 590–6. PMID 1729376.
- Simon B, Podolsky DK, Moldenhauer G, et al. (1990). "Epithelial glycoprotein is a member of a family of epithelial cell surface antigens homologous to nidogen, a matrix adhesion protein.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 (7): 2755–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.7.2755. PMC 53769. PMID 2108441. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=53769.
- Szala S, Froehlich M, Scollon M, et al. (1990). "Molecular cloning of cDNA for the carcinoma-associated antigen GA733-2.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 (9): 3542–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.9.3542. PMC 53938. PMID 2333300. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=53938.
- Strnad J, Hamilton AE, Beavers LS, et al. (1989). "Molecular cloning and characterization of a human adenocarcinoma/epithelial cell surface antigen complementary DNA.". Cancer Res. 49 (2): 314–7. PMID 2463074.
- Perez MS, Walker LE (1989). "Isolation and characterization of a cDNA encoding the KS1/4 epithelial carcinoma marker.". J. Immunol. 142 (10): 3662–7. PMID 2469722.
- Linnenbach AJ, Wojcierowski J, Wu SA, et al. (1989). "Sequence investigation of the major gastrointestinal tumor-associated antigen gene family, GA733.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86 (1): 27–31. doi:10.1073/pnas.86.1.27. PMC 286396. PMID 2911574. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=286396.
- Spurr NK, Durbin H, Sheer D, et al. (1986). "Characterization and chromosomal assignment of a human cell surface antigen defined by the monoclonal antibody AUAI.". Int. J. Cancer 38 (5): 631–6. doi:10.1002/ijc.2910380503. PMID 3770992.
- Björk P, Jönsson U, Svedberg H, et al. (1993). "Isolation, partial characterization, and molecular cloning of a human colon adenocarcinoma cell-surface glycoprotein recognized by the C215 mouse monoclonal antibody.". J. Biol. Chem. 268 (32): 24232–41. PMID 7693697.
- Zhong XY, Kaul S, Eichler A, Bastert G (2000). "Evaluating GA733-2 mRNA as a marker for the detection of micrometastatic breast cancer in peripheral blood and bone marrow.". Arch. Gynecol. Obstet. 263 (1-2): 2–6. doi:10.1007/s004040050251. PMID 10728619.
- Tomita Y, Arakawa F, Yamamoto T, et al. (2000). "Molecular identification of a human carcinoma-associated glycoprotein antigen recognized by mouse monoclonal antibody FU-MK-1.". Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 91 (2): 231–8. PMID 10761711.
- Trebak M, Begg GE, Chong JM, et al. (2001). "Oligomeric state of the colon carcinoma-associated glycoprotein GA733-2 (Ep-CAM/EGP40) and its role in GA733-mediated homotypic cell-cell adhesion.". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (3): 2299–309. doi:10.1074/jbc.M004770200. PMID 11058587.
- Chong JM, Speicher DW (2001). "Determination of disulfide bond assignments and N-glycosylation sites of the human gastrointestinal carcinoma antigen GA733-2 (CO17-1A, EGP, KS1-4, KSA, and Ep-CAM).". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (8): 5804–13. doi:10.1074/jbc.M008839200. PMID 11080501.
- Lammers R, Giesert C, Grünebach F, et al. (2002). "Monoclonal antibody 9C4 recognizes epithelial cellular adhesion molecule, a cell surface antigen expressed in early steps of erythropoiesis.". Exp. Hematol. 30 (6): 537–45. doi:10.1016/S0301-472X(02)00798-1. PMID 12063020.
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139241.
- Spizzo G, Gastl G, Wolf D, et al. (2003). "Correlation of COX-2 and Ep-CAM overexpression in human invasive breast cancer and its impact on survival.". Br. J. Cancer 88 (4): 574–8. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6600741. PMC 2377167. PMID 12592372. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2377167.
- Nasr AF, Nutini M, Palombo B, et al. (2003). "Mutations of TP53 induce loss of DNA methylation and amplification of the TROP1 gene.". Oncogene 22 (11): 1668–77. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1206248. PMID 12642870.
- Gires O, Eskofier S, Lang S, et al. (2003). "Cloning and characterisation of a 1.1 kb fragment of the carcinoma-associated epithelial cell adhesion molecule promoter.". Anticancer Res. 23 (4): 3255–61. PMID 12926061.
External links
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.
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1-50 |
CD1 ( a-c, 1A, 1D, 1E) · CD2 · CD3 ( γ, δ, ε) · CD4 · CD5 · CD6 · CD7 · CD8 ( a) · CD9 · CD10 · CD11 ( a, b, c) · CD13 · CD14 · CD15 · CD16 ( A, B) · CD18 · CD19 · CD20 · CD21 · CD22 · CD23 · CD24 · CD25 · CD26 · CD27 · CD28 · CD29 · CD30 · CD31 · CD32 ( A, B) · CD33 · CD34 · CD35 · CD36 · CD37 · CD38 · CD39 · CD40 · CD41 · CD42 ( a, b, c, d) · CD43 · CD44 · CD45 · CD46 · CD47 · CD48 · CD49 ( a, b, c, d, e, f) · CD50
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51-100 |
CD51 · CD52 · CD53 · CD54 · CD55 · CD56 · CD57 · CD58 · CD59 · CD61 · CD62 ( E, L, P) · CD63 · CD64 ( A, B, C) · CD66 ( a, b, c, d, e, f) · CD68 · CD69 · CD70 · CD71 · CD72 · CD73 · CD74 · CD78 · CD79 ( a, b) · CD80 · CD81 · CD82 · CD83 · CD84 · CD85 ( a, d, e, h, j, k) · CD86 · CD87 · CD88 · CD89 · CD90 · CD91- CD92 · CD93 · CD94 · CD95 · CD96 · CD97 · CD98 · CD99 · CD100
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101-150 |
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151-200 |
CD151 · CD152 · CD153 · CD154 · CD155 · CD156 ( a, b, c) · CD157 · CD158 ( a, d, e, i, k) · CD159 ( a, c) · CD160 · CD161 · CD162 · CD163 · CD164 · CD166 · CD167 ( a, b) · CD168 · CD169 · CD170 · CD171 · CD172 ( a, b, g) · CD174 · CD177 · CD178 · CD179 ( a, b) · CD181 · CD182 · CD183 · CD184 · CD185 · CD186 · CD191 · CD192 · CD193 · CD194 · CD195 · CD196 · CD197 · CDw198 · CDw199 · CD200
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201-250 |
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251-300 |
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301-350 |
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