Symphurus
Symphurus is the most speciose genus of tonguefish, family Cynoglossidae. They are distinguished by merged dorsal, caudal, and anal fins, the absence of a lateral line and pectoral fins, and the presence of only one pelvic fin. They are sinistral flatfishes, meaning that as adults their craniums are asymmetrical with both eyes on the left side. The largest species grows to 30 cm long.[1]
Species
- Caribbean tonguefish, Symphurus arawak Robins & Randall, 1965.
- Inkspot tonguefish, Symphurus atramentatus Jordan & Bollman, 1890.
- California tonguefish, Symphurus atricaudus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1880).
- Symphurus australis (Rendahl, 1922).
- Symphurus bathyspilus Krabbenhoft & Munroe, 2003.
- Kriete's tonguefish, Symphurus billykrietei Munroe, 1998.
- Chocolate tonguefish, Symphurus callopterus Munroe & Mahadeva, 1989.
- Symphurus caribbeanus Munroe, 1991.
- Chabanaud's tonguefish, Symphurus chabanaudi Mahadeva & Munroe, 1990.
- Offshore tonguefish, Symphurus civitatium Ginsburg, 1951.
- Devil's tonguefish, Symphurus diabolicus Mahadeva & Munroe, 1990.
- Spottedfin tonguefish, Symphurus diomedeanus (Goode & Bean, 1885).
- Elongate tonguefish, Symphurus elongatus (nil).
- Banded tongue-fish, Symphurus fasciolaris Gilbert, 1892.
- Symphurus fuscus Brauer, 1906.
- Symphurus gilesii (Alcock, 1889).
- Ginsburg's tonguefish, Symphurus ginsburgi Menezes & Benvegnú, 1976.
- Gorgonian tonguefish, Symphurus gorgonae Chabanaud, 1948.
- Symphurus hondoensis Hubbs, 1915.
- Symphurus insularis Munroe, Brito & Hernández, 2000.
- Jenyn's tonguefish, Symphurus jenynsi Evermann & Kendall, 1907.
- Symphurus kyaropterygium Menezes & Benvegnú, 1976.
- Lee's tonguefish, Symphurus leei Jordan & Bollman, 1890.
- Elongate tonguesole, Symphurus ligulatus (Cocco, 1844).
- Symphurus lubbocki Munroe, 1990.
- Symphurus luzonensis Chabanaud, 1955.
- Symphurus macrophthalmus (Norman, 1926).
- Symphurus maldivensis Chabanaud, 1955.
- Margined tonguefish, Symphurus marginatus (Goode & Bean, 1886).
- Symphurus marmoratus (Bleeker, 1851).
- Drab tonguefish, Symphurus melanurus Clark, 1936.
- Blackstripe tonguefish, Symphurus melasmatotheca Munroe & Nizinski, 1990.
- Smallfin tonguefish, Symphurus microlepis (Bleeker, 1851).
- Symphurus microrhynchus (Weber, 1913).
- Largescale tonguefish, Symphurus minor Ginsburg, 1951.
- Symphurus monostigmus Munroe, 2006
- Freckled tonguefish, Symphurus nebulosus (Goode & Bean, 1883).
- Tonguesole, Symphurus nigrescens Rafinesque, 1810.
- Norman's tonguesole, Symphurus normani Chabanaud, 1950.
- Symphurus novemfasciatus Shen & Lin, 1984.
- Double-spot tonguesole, Symphurus ocellatus (nil).
- Symphurus oculellus Munroe, 1991.
- Spotfin tonguefish, Symphurus oligomerus Mahadeva & Munroe, 1990.
- Ocellated tonguefish, Symphurus ommaspilus Böhlke, 1961.
- Symphurus orientalis (Bleeker, 1879).
- Pygmy tonguefish, Symphurus parvus Ginsburg, 1951.
- Longtail tonguefish, Symphurus pelicanus Ginsburg, 1951.
- Deepwater tonguefish, Symphurus piger (nil).
- Blackcheek tonguefish, Symphurus plagiusa (Linnaeus, 1766).
- Duskycheek tonguefish, Symphurus plagusia (Bloch & Schneider, 1801).
- Halfstriped tonguefish, Symphurus prolatinaris Munroe, Nizinski & Mahadeva, 1991.
- Northern tonguefish, Symphurus pusillus (Goode & Bean, 1885).
- Symphurus regani Weber & de Beaufort, 1929.
- Symphurus reticulatus Munroe, 1990.
- Patchtail tonguefish, Symphurus rhytisma Böhlke, 1961.
- Symphurus schultzi Chabanaud, 1955.
- Sevenband tonguesole, Symphurus septemstriatus (Alcock, 1891).
- Blotchfin tonguefish, Symphurus stigmosus Munroe, 1998.
- Blackbelly tonguesole, Symphurus strictus Gilbert, 1905.
- Symphurus tessellatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824).
- Symphurus thermophilus Munroe & Hashimoto, 2008
- Trewavas' tonguefish, Symphurus trewavasae Chabanaud, 1948.
- Threeband tonguesole, Symphurus trifasciatus (Alcock, 1894).
- Symphurus undatus Gilbert, 1905.
- Dark cheek tongue, Symphurus undecimplerus Munroe & Nizinski, 1990.
- Spottail tonguefish, Symphurus urospilus Ginsburg, 1951.
- Symphurus vanmelleae Chabanaud, 1952.
- Symphurus variegatus (Gilchrist, 1903).
- Mottled tonguefish, Symphurus varius Garman, 1899.
- William's tonguefish, Symphurus williamsi Jordan & Culver, 1895.
- Symphurus woodmasoni (Alcock, 1889).
References
- ^ Tyler, J. (2005). Distribution, population characteristics and trophic ecology of a sulphophilic hydrothermal vent tonguefish (Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae) M.Sc. Thesis. University of Victoria: Canada.