| Suleiman (Sulim) Bekmirzayevich Yamadayev | |
|---|---|
| Born | June 21, 1973 Benoy village, Nozhay-Yurtovsky District, Chechen-Ingush ASSR, USSR |
| Died | March 30, 2009 (aged 35) Dubai, United Arab Emirates |
| Allegiance | Chechen Republic of Ichkeria Russia (1999 - 2009) |
| Service/branch | GRU (direct subordination) |
| Years of service | 1999–2008 |
| Rank | Lieutenant Colonel |
| Commands held | Special Battalion Vostok |
| Battles/wars | First Chechen War (separatist side) Second Chechen War 2008 South Ossetia War |
| Awards | Hero of the Russian Federation |
Sulim Bekmirzayevich Yamadayev (Russian: Сули́м Бекмирза́евич Ямада́ев; June 21, 1973 – March 30, 2009) was a Chechen rebel commander from the First Chechen War who had switched sides together with his brothers Dzhabrail, Badrudi, Isa and Ruslan in 1999 during the outbreak of the Second Chechen War. He was de facto commander of the Russian military Special Battalion Vostok unit belonging to the GRU. As such, until 2008, he was officially in command of the biggest pro-Moscow militia outside the control of the current Chechen president Ramzan Kadyrov.[1] From August 1 to August 22, 2008 Yamadayev was wanted in Russia on a federal warrant. Nevertheless, he served as one of the Russian military commanders in Russia's war with Georgia during the same period.[2]
On March 5, 2003, Sulim's brother Dzhabrail Yamadayev was assassinated by a bomb. On September 24, 2008 Sulim's brother, Ruslan Yamadayev, was shot dead on Smolenskaya Embankment in Moscow. Initial press responses reported name of the victim as Sulim Yamadayev; the name was corrected later.[3] Sulim Yamadayev was shot in Dubai on 28 March 2009, and died in hospital on 30 March 2009.[4]
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Yamadayev studied business in Moscow before returning to Chechnya. He once said that his dream was to become a fighter and that during a time he decided to go to Afghanistan to train. Yamadayev's political interests were tightly tied with those of his teip (clan) Benoi, which has long-standing claims to the town of Gudermes. Under the Chechen president Aslan Maskhadov, he served as a field commander and commanded a special forces detachment which routed a radical Wahhabi militia at Gudermes in 1998.[5]
During the Second Chechen War, the Yamadayevs and Akhmad Kadyrov arranged for their stronghold of Gudermes to be taken over by federal forces without a fight. Later, Sulim became leader of the GRU Spetsnaz unit called the Special Battalion Vostok ("East") of nearly 600 men, succeeding his brother Dzhabrail Yamadayev following his assassination in 2003. While working closely with the General of the Army Alexey Maslov,[6] Sulim Yamadayev received the medal and title of Hero of the Russian Federation after his Vostok battalion killed the commander of the Arab Mujahideen in Chechnya, Abu al-Walid, in April 2004.[7] Together with his paramilitary soldiers known within Chechnya as Yamadayevtsy, which are alleged to be unruly and prone to mix warfare with crime, Yamadayev often conflicted with Ramzan Kadyrov (the son of Akhmad) and Said-Magomed Kakiyev over who controls overall military authority in Chechnya. Isa and Badrudi, the younger brothers of Sulim, became the company commanding officers in the battalion.
On April 14, 2008, the forces loyal to Yamadayev and Ramzan Kadyrov engaged in one of the biggest battles between rival Chechen factions. The clash occurred when convoys from each group ran into each other in Gudermes and reportedly resulted in around 18 dead.[1] A bitter conflict between the men loyal to Yamadayev and forces of Kadyrov followed. In this conflict, Kadyrov prevailed and eventually Yamadayev was sacked from his post and declared a wanted "criminal" in Chechnya. On August 6, the previous 'Hero of Russia' Yamadayev and some of his commandos were put on a federal wanted list.[8] According to his brother and Duma deputy Ruslan Yamadayev, Sulim still allegedly lived in Moscow and did not hide at the time of the warrant being issued.[9] The other Yamadayev brother, Badrudi was placed on the federal wanted list earlier in 2008. According to Moscow-based defence analyst Pavel Felgenhauer, "It's important because this had been a rare challenge to Kadyrov in Chechnya. Now, it's clear that Yamadayev has been quashed and Kadyrov controls Chechnya."[10]
A few days after he was declared wanted in Russia, Gazeta.ru reported that Yamadayev was participating in military actions in the outskirts of Tskhinvali in the Georgia's breakway Republic of South Ossetia.[2] Novaya Gazeta military correspondent Arkady Babchenko accompanied Yamadayev and his remaining loyal men in Georgia.[11] Following the war, on August 22, RIA Novosti reported Yamadayev was officially dismissed from his post as commander of the Vostok battalion in Chechnya.[12] On the same day, the search for Yamadayev was stopped, officially because the Chechen MVD had established his whereabouts (according to investigatory bodies, Yamadayev was in Moscow).[13]
On September 24, 2008, Ruslan Yamadayev and a retired Russian army General Sergey Kizyun (protector of the Yamadayev clan) were shot in Sulim's car in the central Moscow while driving from the Kremlin; Ruslan Yamadayev was fatally wounded. Initial press responses reported the name of the victim as "Sulim Yamadayev"; this was corrected later.[14] Sulim Yamadayev blamed Kadyrov and vowed to avenge the death of his brother.[15][16][17]
On March 29, 2009, Sulim Yamadayev was reported to be the victim of an assassination in Dubai,[18] where he lived for several months as Suleiman Yamadayev and/or Suleyman Madov; his two bodyguards said he was shot in the back of the neck in an underground garage. The police attempted to detain a Russian citizen in connection with the attack, but the suspect was able to flee.[19][20][21] However, despite the early reports of death, according to his younger brother, Isa, Yamadayev survived at least three gunshot wounds and was hospitalized in critical condition.[22] According to RIAN, Yamadayev was placed in a military hospital after surviving an assassination attempt: he reportedly returned fire on his attackers, which "saved his life".[23] Dubai police have dismissed this, reporting that Yamadayev died instantly from wounds sustained during the shooting. The Chechen president Ramzan Kadyrov confirmed, on April 1, that Yamadayev had been buried in the Gulf state.[24]
On April 5, 2009, the Dubai police accused Adam Delimkhanov of ordering the assassination. Delimkhanov is a member of the Russian State Duma for the United Russia party and Kadyrov's cousin and a close associate. He denied the accusation, saying it was "a provocation and an attempt to destabilize conditions in the Chechen Republic."[25] Later, the Interpol has issued arrest warrants for seven Russian citizens in connection with the killing. Besides Delimkhanov, Zelimkhan Mazayev, Elimpasha Khatsuyev, Salman Kimayev, Tirpal Kimayev, Ramazan Musiev and Marvan Kimayev were named as being wanted for "crimes against life and health".[26]
On May 13, 2009, Sulim's brother Isa Yamadayev [27] claimed he was alive.[27] Isa claimed Sulim was only injured and is now in a Dubai hospital under police guard, adding that they were in contact via the Internet.[28] Russian diplomats had earlier admitted that they had not received documentary evidence of his body and that only Dubai Police had repeatedly informed them that he was buried in a local cemetery.[27]
According to the Russian human rights organization Memorial in August 2008, "Now we know from evidences of eyewitnesses that during the war in Georgia the fighters of the Vostok battalion were humanely treating the prisoners of war. As far as I understand, the Chechen battalion didn't take part in pogroms [of Georgians in Gori District], and everything incriminated to Yamadayev refers to the past."[13]
| Notable events | General conflict | Federals | Separatists |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Wars Notable battles Hostage crises |
Second Chechen War |
Combatants:
Key leaders : |
Combatants: Key leaders: |