State recognized tribes in the United States

"State recognized tribes" are Native American Indian Tribes and Heritage Groups that are recognized by individual states for their various internal government purposes. "State recognition" confers limited benefits under federal law and is not the same as federal recognition, which is the federal government's acknowledgment of a tribe as a sovereign nation. However, in some states, state recognition has offered some protection of autonomy for tribes not recognized by the federal government. For example, in Connecticut, state law protects reservations and limited self-government rights for state-recognized tribes.

Contents 1 Description 2 List of state-recognized tribes 2.1 Alabama 2.2 California 2.3 Connecticut 2.4 Delaware 2.5 Florida 2.6 Georgia 2.7 Kentucky 2.8 Louisiana 2.9 Maryland 2.10 Massachusetts 2.11 Michigan 2.12 Montana 2.13 New Jersey 2.14 New Mexico 2.15 New York 2.16 North Carolina 2.17 Ohio 2.18 South Carolina 2.19 Tennessee 2.20 Texas 2.21 Vermont 2.22 Virginia 2.23 Washington 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 External sources

Description

The legitimacy of state recognized tribes is contested. The United States Constitution explicitly states that only the United States Congress has power over Indian affairs. However, about 20 states have recognized Native American tribes outside of federal processes. Typically, recognition is undertaken by the state legislature or by state agencies involved in cultural or Native American affairs.^[1] Three states have processes by which Native American groups can seek to become state recognized, but have not yet recognized any groups.

In legal parlance, an Indian tribe is a group of Indians with self-government authority.^[2] Of the tribes recognized by states which recognize tribes, some tribes have sought and been denied federal recognition.

All legitimate state recognized tribes require proof of Native American ancestry for enrollment. Those that do not are not require proof of Native American ancestry are questionable, a fact which contributes to the controversy over state recognition of tribes. For example, the Cherokee Nation's Fraudulent Indians Task Force criticizes state recognized tribes on the basis of such "tribes" as the Cherokee of Georgia Tribal Council, a state recognized "tribe" which does not require any proof of Native American ancestry.^[3]

A right conferred to members of state-recognized tribes is the right to exhibit as Native American artists under the United States federal law, the Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990.^[4]

List of state-recognized tribes

The following is a list of tribes recognized by various states, but not by the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs. An attempt is made to note which tribes have been denied federal recognition.

Alabama

• Cher-O-Creek Intertribal Indians^{[5][6][7][8][9][10]}
• Cherokee Tribe of Northeast Alabama (formerly Cherokees of Jackson County, Alabama)^{[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]} Letter of Intent to Petition 09/23/1981;^[17] certified letter returned "not known" 11/19/1997.^[11][18]
• Echota Cherokee Tribe of Alabama^{[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]}
• MaChis Lower Alabama Creek Indian Tribe^[7] Letter of Intent to Petition 06/27/1983. Declined to Acknowledge 08/18/1988 52 FR 34319,^{[5][6][8][10][11][12][18]} Denied federal recognition^{[13][14][15][17][19]}
• MOWA Band of Choctaw Indians^[7] Letter of Intent to Petition 05/27/1983. Final Determination to Decline to Acknowledge published 12/24/1997 62FR247:67398-67400; petitioner requested reconsideration from IBIA 3/23/1998,^{[5][6][8][10][11][12][18]} denied federal recognition;^[14][19] decision effective 11/26/1999.^[15][17]
• Piqua Shawnee Tribe^{[5][6][7][8][10][14]}
• Star Clan of Muskogee Creek Tribe of Pike County^{[7][8][10][11][12][13]} (a.k.a. Yufala Star Clan of Lower Muscogee Creeks)^[14][15]
• United Cherokee Ani-Yun-Wiya Nation^{[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]}(formerly United Cherokee Intertribal). Letter of Intent to Petition 11/08/2001.^[17]

California

California has no formal policy with regard to the State Recognition of tribes. Some tribes listed below have found sympathetic legislators to sponsor Assembly Joint Resolutions to urge the President to recognize their status as tribes; however, those tribes do not enjoy any benefits of this "recognition," nor do they receive any additional aid from State Agencies that is not also afforded to the State's other non-recognized tribes.

None

Connecticut

• Eastern Pequot Tribal Nation of Connecticut. Recognized by the Secretary of the Interior in 2002; recognition revoked in 2005; Eastern Pequot Tribal Nation was made by merging of two nations—Paucatuck Eastern Pequot Indians of Connecticut and Eastern Pequot Indians of Connecticut.^{[5][6][10][13][15]}
• Golden Hill Paugussett Indian Nation. Letter of Intent to Petition 04/13/1982; Declined to acknowledge 9/26/1996; petitioner requested reconsideration from IBIA 12/26/1996; decision affirmed by IBIA subject to supplemental proceeding 6/10/1998; decision affirmed by IBIA 9/8/1998 with five procedural issues remanded to the Secretary; reconsidered final determination issued 5/24/1999; Proposed finding 01/29/2003 (68 FR 4507); Declined to acknowledge 6/21/2004 (69 FR 34388); Reconsidered final determination not to acknowledge became final and effective 3/18/2005.^{[10][11][12][15][17][18][20]}
• Paucatuck Eastern Pequot Indians of Connecticut. Letter of Intent to Petition 06/20/1989.^{[10][11][12][17][18]} Reconsidered final determination not to acknowledge became final and effective 10/14/2005 70 FR 60099.^[15][17]
• Scaticook Bands^[11][12]
  • Schaghticoke Indian Tribe. Letter of Intent to Petition 5/11/2001.^[17]
  • Schaghticoke Tribe. Letter of Intent to Petition 9/27/2001.^[17]
• Schaghticoke Indian Tribe (formerly Schaghticoke Tribal Nation). Letter of Intent to Petition 12/14/1981; Declined to acknowledge in 2002; Reconsidered final determination not to acknowledge became final and effective 10/14/2005 70 FR 60101.^{[5][6][10][11][12][13][15][17][18]}

Delaware

• Nanticoke Indian Association Letter of Intent to Petition 08/08/1978; requested petition be placed on hold 3/25/1989,^{[10][11][12][18]} of limited applicability^[13][15][21]

Florida

In Florida, the Governor's Council on Indian Affairs in 1988 adopted a policy which recommends that state officials refrain from recognizing any group not first acknowledged by the federal government. However, they have set a secondary set of recommendations for what the criteria for state recognition should be in case the state government should wish to bypass the first recommendation: "A state action should (1) create a government-to-government relationship between state and tribe, (2) set forth an explicit rendering of the state's interpretation of 'recognition,' (3) be confined only to groups descended from Seminole, Miccosukee, Creek, or a tribe located in Florida prior to May 30, 1830, and (4) meet federal criteria for recognition."^[22] So far, Florida has recognized no tribes.

Georgia

Per Title 44, Chapter 12, Article 7, Part 3 of the Georgia Code (O.C.G.A. § 44-12-300 (2007)), the State of Georgia "officially recognizes as legitimate American Indian tribes of Georgia the following tribes, bands, groups, or communities" for state purposes:

• The Cherokee of Georgia Tribal Council (a.k.a Cherokee Indians of Georgia, Inc.)^[9][13][23] Letter of Intent to Petition 08/08/1977.^{[11][12][15][17][18]}
• Georgia Tribe of Eastern Cherokees, Inc.^[13][23] (I). Letter of Intent to Petition 01/09/1979;^[17] last submission February 2002; ready for Acknowledge review.^[11][12][15]

Unrecognized tribes with the same name Georgia Tribe of Eastern Cherokees, Inc. (II) and (III) exist.^[9][18]

• Lower Muskogee Creek Tribe East of the Mississippi, Inc.^[13][23] Letter of Intent to Petition 02/02/1972; Declined to Acknowledge 12/21/1981 (46 FR 51652).^{[11][12][17][18]} Denied federal recognition^[15][24]

Kentucky

• Southern Cherokee Nation of Kentucky "While there is no legislative criteria for recognition of Indian tribes, Kentucky does recognize the Southern Cherokee Nation of Kentucky as an Indian tribe at the state level. The Southern Cherokee Nation of Kentucky was first recognized via proclamation by Governor John Y. Brown in 1893 and again by Governor Fletcher on November 20, 2006. This tribe is headquartered in Henderson, Kentucky."^{[9][16][25][26][27][28][29][30]} Letter of Intent to Petition 09/13/2006.^[17]

• Ridgetop Shawnee Tribe of Indians;^[31] Recognized by the Kentucky State House via HJR-15 in 2009 and HJR-16 in 2010. Based in Southeastern Kentucky. ^{[27][18][32][33]}

Louisiana

• First True Native Americans Tribe, Inc. Recognized by the state of Louisiana in 1989. Letter of Intent to Petition 01/22/1996.
• Adais Caddo Indians, Inc.^[13][15] Recognized by the State of Louisiana in 1993.^[34] Letter of Intent to Petition 09/13/1993.^{[10][11][12][17][18]}
• Biloxi-Chitimacha Confederation of Muskogee.^[10][13] Separated from United Houma Nation, Inc. Letter of Intent to Petition 10/24/1995.^[17][18] Recognized by the State of Louisiana in 2005.^[34]
  • Bayou LaFourche Band
  • Grand Caillou/Dulac Band
  • Isle de Jean Charles Band
• Choctaw-Apache Community of Ebarb, Inc.^[13] Recognized by the State of Louisiana in 1978.^[34] Letter of Intent to Petition 07/02/1978.^{[10][11][12][15][17][18]}
• Clifton-Choctaw Indians (a.k.a. Clifton Choctaw Reservation Inc.)^[13] Recognized by the State of Louisiana in 1978.^[34] Letter of Intent to Petition 03/22/1978.^{[10][11][12][15][17][18]}
• Four Winds Tribe, Louisiana Cherokee Confederacy ^[35] Recognized by the State of Louisiana in 1997.^{[5][6][10][15][34]}
• Point-Au-Chien Tribe. Separated from United Houma Nation, Inc.. Letter of Intent to Petition 7/22/1996.^{[5][6][17][18]} Recognized by the State of Louisiana in 2004.^[34]
• United Houma Nation, Inc.^[13] Recognized by the State of Louisiana in 1972.^[34] Letter of Intent to Petition 07/10/1979; Proposed Finding 12/22/1994, 59 FR 6618.^{[5][6][10][11][12][17][18]} Denied federal recognition^[15][24]

Maryland

The Maryland legislature (Md. Code State Government Art. §9.5-309) authorizes a commission on Indian affairs to consider regulations for recognition and has issue detailed procedural requirements and criteria for attaining state recognition. Two groups claiming Piscataway ancestors have pending applications there.^[19] However, Maryland has so far recognized no tribes. The Maryland General Assembly 2009 introduced two separate bills (HB 691 and SB 575) titled "Maryland Native American Status - Standards for Recognition" proposing an alteration of the criteria necessary for state recognition.

Massachusetts

• Chappquiddick Tribe of the Wampanog Indian Nation^[36] Letter of Intent to Petition 05/21/2007.^[17]
• Chaubunagungamaug Band of the Nipmuck Nation, Webster/Dudley. Letter of Intent to Petition 04/22/1980 as part of Nipmuc Nation; separate letter of intent 5/31/1996; proposed finding was in progress.^{[11][12][13][18]} Declined to acknowledge on 6/25/2004, 69 FR 35664; Reconsideration request before IBIA (not yet effective)^[17][36]
• Herring Pond Wampanoag Tribe^[36]
• Nipmuc Nation (Hassanamisco Band) Letter of Intent to Petition 04/22/1980; formerly part of Nipmuc Nation (separated May 22, 1996); Proposed finding in progress.^{[10][11][12][13][18]} Declined to acknowledge on 6/25/2004, 69 FR 35667; Reconsideration request before IBIA (not yet effective)^[15][17][36]
• Pocasset Wampanoag Tribe^[36]
• Seaconke Wampanoag Tribe^[36]

In addition Wampanoags unaffiliated with the Mashpee or Aquinnah and tribal members from Maine tribes [formerly under Massachusetts jurisdiction till statehood in 1820] are represented by the State Commission on Indian Affairs^[37]

Michigan

• Burt Lake Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians.^{[11][12][13][38]} Letter of Intent to Petition 09/12/1985; Declined to acknowledge on 9/21/2006 (71 FR 57995).^[17]
• Grand River Bands of Ottawa Indians^{[11][12][13][38]} (formerly Grand River Band Ottawa Council). Letter of Intent to Petition 10/16/1994.^[17]
• Gun Lake Band of Grand River Ottawa Indians^{[10][11][12][13]}
• Swan Creek Black River Confederated Ojibwa Tribes.^[11][12][13] Letter of Intent to Petition 05/04/1993 for independent federal recognition.^[17] Currently recognized only as part of the Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan.

Montana

• Little Shell Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Montana,^[25] Letter of Intent to Petition 4/28/1978;^{[5][6][10][11][12][13]} Proposed Finding 7/21/2000.^[17]

New Jersey

• Nanticoke Lenni-Lenape Indians.^{[5][6][10][11][12][13]} Letter of Intent to Petition 01/03/1992.^[15][17]
• Powhatan-Renape Nation.^{[10][11][13][16]} Letter of Intent to Petition 04/12/1996.^[15][17]
• Ramapough Lenape Indian Nation (a.k.a. Ramapo Mountain Indians).^{[10][11][13][15]} Letter of Intent to Petition 08/14/1979. Decline to Acknowledge 2/6/1996 (61 FR 4476); request for reconsideration to IBIA; decision affirmed 7/18/1997; reconsidered Final Determination 1/7/1998 (63 FR 888); in litigation; 12/11/2001, U.S. Court of Appeals affirmed the District Court’s Memorandum Opinion & Order granting summary judgment to the Department; US Supreme Court denied cert. 2002; Decision effective 1/7/1998.^[17]

In addition, New Jersey recognizes the Inter-Tribal American Indians of New Jersey, an organization created circa 1980 to meet the needs of American Indians from across North and South America who are now living in New Jersey. The organization provides social activities and support to those Indians living in New Jersey and is dedicated to educating the public about American Indian culture and history. It is to be noted that the Jatibonicu Taino Tribe of Puerto Rico is part of the Inter-Tribal Indians of New Jersey.

New Mexico

In New Mexico, the State Constitution authorizes the State to recognize tribes other than those with federal recognition.^[19]

• Genízaro—Fray Agustín Morti, referring to the Genízaro Indians of Analco (a Santa Fe barrio) in 1779, gave the following precise and correct definition of them: "This name is given to the children of the captives of different [Indian] nations who have married in the province."^[39] In 2007, Genízaros received New Mexico state legislative recognition as an indigenous group.^[40] Although New Mexico's Legislative Memorial bills do not have the force of law, HM 40 and SM 59 formally acknowledge the legislative desire to recognize Genízaros as an indigenous group.^[41] This is an important step in sustaining State and Federal Genízaro Indian recognition. Some American Indian law scholars have opined that state legislative memorials and/or resolutions create official state recognition.^[42] Of the 16 states that host state-recognized tribes, 5 have recognized tribes through the enactment of state legislative resolutions/memorials, suggesting this legislative recognition process is an appropriate means for granting formal state recognition.^[43]

New York

• Unkechague Poosepatuck Tribe^{[5][6][12][13][15]}

North Carolina

• Coharie Intra-tribal Council^[44] Letter of Intent to Petition 3/13/1981.^{[10][11][12][13][15][17]}
• Haliwa-Saponi Indian Tribe^[44] Letter of Intent to Petition 1/27/1979.^{[5][6][10][11][12][13][17]} Notified of "obvious deficiencies" in federal recognition application^[15][45]
• Lumbee Tribe of Cheraw Indians (a.k.a. Lumbee Regional Development Association Inc. and Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina).^{[10][13][16][44]} Letter of Intent to Petition 01/07/1980; determined ineligible to petition (SOL opinion of 10/23/1989).^{[5][6][11][12][13][15][17]} In 2009, Senate Indian Affairs Committee endorsed a bill that would grant federal recognition.^[46]
• Meherrin Indian Tribe (I).^[44] Letter of Intent to Petition 8/2/1990.^{[10][11][12][13][15][17]}

There is also an Unrecognized tribe with the same name, Meherrin Indian Tribe (II).

• Metrolina Native American Association^[13][47] Established and recognized by North Carolina as an Urban Indian Center in January 1976.
• Occaneechi Band of the Saponi Nation.^[10][13][44] Letter of Intent to Petition 01/06/1995.^[17]
• Sappony Tribe (formerly known as Indians of Person County, North Carolina).^{[11][12][13][15][44][45]}
• Waccamaw Siouan Development Association^[5][6][44] Letter of Intent to Petition 06/27/1983; determined ineligible to petition (SOL opinion of 10/23/1989).^[17] Letter of Intent to Petition 10/16/1992;^{[10][11][12][13]} determined eligible to petition (SOL letter of 6/29/1995).^[15][17]

Ohio

• United Remnant Band of the Shawnee Nation (a.k.a. Shawnee Nation United Remnant Band).^{[11][12][15][25]} currently are not State recognized.^[48][17] Located in Champaign and Logan Counties, near Urbana and Bellefontaine.

South Carolina

Section 1 31 40(A)(10), South Carolina Code of Laws (Annotated) provides that “The South Carolina Commission for Minority Affairs shall promulgate regulations as may be necessary regarding State Recognition of Native American Indian entities in the State of South Carolina.” These rules and regulations shall be applicable to all entities seeking Native American Indian State Recognition as a: A. Native American Indian Tribe; B. Native American Indian Group; C. Native American Special Interest Organization.

State-recognized Tribes:

• Beaver Creek Indians. Letter of Intent to Petition 01/26/1998.^[17] State recognized tribe in 2006.^[49][50][51]
• Edisto Natchez-Kusso Indians (Four Holes Indian Organization), state recognized tribe in 2010.^{[12][13][49][51]}
• Pee Dee Nation of Upper South Carolina. Letter of Intent to Petition 12/14/2005.^[17] State recognized tribe in 2005.^[49][50][51]
• Pee Dee Tribe of South Carolina, state recognized tribe in 2006.^{[13][49][50][51]}
• Santee Indian Organization (formerly White Oak Indian Community). Letter of Intent to Petition 06/04/1979.^[17] State recognized tribe in 2006.^{[12][13][49][50][51]}
• Waccamaw Indian People, state recognized tribe in 2005.^{[13][49][50][51]}
• Wassamasaw Tribe of Varnertown Indians, state recognized tribe in 2010.^{[12][13][49][51]}

State-recognized tribal Groups:

• Chaloklowa Chickasaw Indian People. Letter of Intent to Petition 08/14/2002.^[17] Receipt of Petition 08/14/2002.^[52] State recognized tribal group in 2005.^[49][50][51]
• Eastern Cherokee, Southern Iroquois & United Tribes of South Carolina, Inc. (a.k.a. Cherokee Indian Tribe of South Carolina or ECSIUT), state recognized tribal group in 2005.^[9][49][51]
• Natchez Indian Tribe, state recognized tribal group in 2007.^[49][51]
• Pee Dee Indian Nation of Beaver Creek. Letter of Intent to Petition 6/16/1999.^[17] State recognized tribal group in 2007.^[49][51]
• Piedmont American Indian Association of South Carolina (or Piedmont American Indian Association - Lower Eastern Cherokee Nation of South Carolina) Letter of Intent to Petition 8/20/1998.^[17] State recognized tribal group in 2006.^[49][50][51]

State-recognized tribal Special Interest Organization:

• American Indian Chamber of Commerce of South Carolina, state recognized tribal Special Interest Organization in 2006.^[49][51]
• Little Horse Creek American Indian Cultural Center, state recognized tribal Special Interest Organization in 2010.^[49][51]

Tennessee

Tennessee Code authorized the state Commission of Indian Affairs from 1983 to 2000 and from 2003 to 2010 to "establish appropriate procedures to provide for legal recognition by the state of presently unrecognized tribes, nations, groups, communities or individuals, and to provide for official state recognition by the commission of such."^[53]

On 19 June 2010, 11 days prior to its termination, the Tennessee Commission of Indian Affairs violated its adopted procedures, adopted a new standing rule procedure and approved state recognition of six groups within the state. However, the state Attorney General, the Commission's attorney, determined that the Commission committed six violations of the state's Open Meeting Act, Open Record Act and Uniform Administrative Procedures Act, and declared that recognition "void and of no effect" on 3 September 2010.^[54][55][56]

Texas

• Lipan Apache Tribe of Texas^[10][12][25] On March 18, 2009, the State of Texas legislature passed resolutions HR 812 and SR 438 recognizing the Lipan Apache Tribe of Texas. Before their recognition, they were also known as the Lipan Apache Band of Texas (I), sharing a name with the still unrecognized Lipan Apache Band of Texas (II).

Vermont

As of May 3, 2006, Vermont law 1 V.S.A §§ 851–853 recognizes Abenakis as Native American Indians, not the tribes or bands. However, on April 22, 2011, Vermont Governor Peter Shumlin signed legislative bills officially recognizing two Abenaki Bands.

• Elnu Abenaki Tribe;^[57] recognition signed into statute April 22, 2011.
• Nulhegan Band of the Coosuk Abenaki Nation;^{[15][10][25][57]} recognition signed into statute April 22, 2011. (website)

Virginia

• Cheroenhaka (Nottoway) Indian Tribe. Letter of Intent to Petition 12/30/2002.^[17] Receipt of Petition 12/30/2002.^[52] State recognized 2010; in Courtland, Southampton County.^[58]
• Chickahominy Indian Tribe.^{[5][6][10][11][12][13][15][25]} Letter of Intent to Petition 03/19/1996.^[17] State recognized 1983; in Charles City County.^[58] In 2009, Senate Indian Affairs Committee endorsed a bill that would grant federal recognition.^[46]
• Chickahominy Indians, Eastern Division (a.k.a. Eastern Chickahominy Indian Tribe).^{[10][11][12][13][15][16][25]} Letter of Intent to Petition 9/6/2001.^[17] State recognized, 1983; in New Kent County.^[58] In 2009, Senate Indian Affairs Committee endorsed a bill that would grant federal recognition.^[46]
• Mattaponi Tribe (a.k.a. Mattaponi Indian Reservation).^[10][13] Letter of Intent to Petition 04/04/1995.^[17] State recognized 1983; in Banks of the Mattaponi River, King William County.^[58] The Mattaponi and Pamunkey have reservations based in colonial-era treaties ratified by the Commonwealth in 1658. Pamunkey Tribe's attorney told Congress in 1991 that the tribes state reservation originated in a treaty with the crown in the 17th century and has been occupied by Pamunkey since that time under strict requirements and following the treaty obligation to provide to the Crown a deer every year, and they've done that (replacing Crown with Governor of Commonwealth since Viginia became a Commonwealth)^[15][59]
• Monacan Indian Nation (formerly Monacan Indian Tribe of Virginia).^{[5][6][10][11][12][13][15][16]} Letter of Intent to Petition 07/11/1995.^[17] State recognized 1989; in Bear Mountain, Amherst County.^[58] In 2009, Senate Indian Affairs Committee endorsed a bill that would grant federal recognition.^[46]
• Nansemond Indian Tribal Association,^{[10][11][12][13][15][16][25]} Letter of Intent to Petition 9/20/2001.^[17] State recognized 1985; in Cities of Suffolk and Chesapeake.^[58] In 2009, Senate Indian Affairs Committee endorsed a bill that would grant federal recognition.^[46]
• Nottoway of Virginia, recognized 2010; in Capron, Southampton County.^[58]
• Pamunkey Nation,^{[10][11][12][13][15]} recognized 1983; in Banks of the Pamunkey River, King William County.^[58]
• Patawomeck Indians of Virginia recognized 2010; in Stafford County.^[58]
• Rappahannock Indian Tribe (I) (formerly United Rappahannock Tribe).^{[10][11][12][13][15][25]} Letter of Intent to Petition 11/16/1979.^[17] State recognized 1983; in Indian Neck, King & Queen County.^[58] In 2009, Senate Indian Affairs Committee endorsed a bill that would grant federal recognition.^[46]

Shares a name with an unrecognized tribe Rappahannock Indian Tribe (II).

• The Upper Mattaponi Indian Tribe (formerly Upper Mattaponi Indian Tribal Association).^{[5][6][10][11][12][13][15]} Letter of Intent to Petition 11/26/1979.^[17] State recognized 1983; in King William County.^[58] In 2009, Senate Indian Affairs Committee endorsed a bill that would grant federal recognition.^[46]

Washington

• Chinook Indian Tribe of Oregon & Washington, Inc. (a.k.a. Chinook Nation)^{[5][6][11][12][14][25]} Letter of Intent to Petition 07/23/1979; Declined to acknowledge 07/12/2003 (67 FR 46204).^[17] Also in Oregon.

See also

• Federally recognized tribes
• List of unrecognized tribes in the United States
• Classification of Native Americans

Notes

References

• Koenig, Alexa and Jonathan Stein (2008). Federalism and the State Recognition of Native American Tribes: A survey of State-Recognized Tribes and State Recognition Processes Across the United States. University of Santa Clara Law Review, Vol. 48.
• Sheffield, Gail (1998). Arbitrary Indian: The Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0806129697.
• Constitution of the United States

External sources

• Federalism and the State Recognition of Native American Tribes: A survey of State-Recognized Tribes and State Recognition Processes Across the United States
• BIA list of petitioners for recognition by state as of 22 September 2008
• BIA status summary of petitions for recognition as of 15 February 2007
• Testimony of Leon Jones, Principal Chief of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, and Dan McCoy, Tribal Council Chairman, on the Indian Federal Recognition Administrative Procedures Act of 1999
• Joint resolution of the Cherokee Nation and the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians opposing fabricated Cherokee "tribes" and "Indians" (acknowledges the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians)