| Srednekolymsk (English) Среднеколымск (Russian) Орто Халыма (Yakut) |
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Location of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic in Russia |
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Srednekolymsk
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| Coordinates: | |
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| Town Day | September 15 |
| Administrative status | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Sakha Republic |
| Administrative district | Srednekolymsky District |
| Administrative center of | Srednekolymsky District |
| Municipal status | |
| Mayor | Yury Yudin |
| Statistics | |
| Population (2010 Census, preliminary) |
3,525 inhabitants[1] |
| Population (2002 Census) | 3,587 inhabitants[2] |
| Time zone | MAGST (UTC+12:00)[3] |
| Founded | 1643 |
| Postal code(s) | 678790 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 41156 |
Srednekolymsk (Russian: Среднеколы́мск; Sakha: Орто Халыма) is a town and the administrative center of Srednekolymsky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia, located 1,485 kilometers (923 mi) northeast of Yakutsk on the left bank of the Kolyma River. Population: 3,525 (2010 Census preliminary results);[1] 3,587 (2002 Census);[2] 4,489 (1989 Census).[4]
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When the Russians arrived in the 1640s they built three forts on the Kolyma: Nizhnekolymsk, Srednekolymsk, and Verkhnekolymnsk (lower, middle and upper Kolymsk). They were about three days sled journey apart. Nizhnekolymsk was on the delta near the route to Anadyrsk. Srednekolymsk was at the head of navigation by sea-going koches, in forested country for good fur trapping and on the overland route to the Indigirka River. Verkhnekolymsk was smaller and upriver. The first fort (ostrog) was founded by Mikhail Stadukhin in 1643. Some say that this was Nizhnekolymsk, but Fisher[5] thinks that the original fort was Srednekolymsk and that the main Russian center was moved to Nizhnekolymsk by 1655 when the Anadyrsk route became important.
At some point the name was Yarmanka, from the Russian word for a fair, referring to the annual gatherings of indigenous inhabitants of the area here in spring. The settlement grew over the next century, and was given town status and its present name (meaning town on the middle Kolyma) in 1775. The town was a destination for political exiles during the era of the Russian Empire.
Sredne-Kolymsk has a dry subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc/Dfd) with mild and short summers and extremely brutal winters with almost no snowfall. The winter lasts from October until May, and temperatures rise rapidly enough for Siberian larch trees to be able to grow during the fleeting summer, before falling rapidly again in August and September. Temperatures have never exceeded 0 °C (32 °F) between early October and late April.
| Climate data for Srednekolymsk | |||||||||||||
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| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | −21 (−6) |
−19 (−2) |
−8 (18) |
2 (36) |
16 (61) |
27 (81) |
29 (84) |
26 (79) |
18 (64) |
4 (39) |
−11 (12) |
−18 (0) |
29 (84) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −34.4 (−29.9) |
−30.9 (−23.6) |
−20.5 (−4.9) |
−8.2 (17.2) |
4.3 (39.7) |
16.4 (61.5) |
18.9 (66.0) |
14.8 (58.6) |
7.1 (44.8) |
−7.9 (17.8) |
−23.8 (−10.8) |
−31.7 (−25.1) |
−8 (18) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −41.4 (−42.5) |
−38.7 (−37.7) |
−32.9 (−27.2) |
−22.4 (−8.3) |
−6.4 (20.5) |
5.9 (42.6) |
8.8 (47.8) |
5.4 (41.7) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
−14.3 (6.3) |
−30.5 (−22.9) |
−38.5 (−37.3) |
−17.1 (1.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −59 (−74) |
−60 (−76) |
−54 (−65) |
−51 (−60) |
−30 (−22) |
−11 (12) |
−2 (28) |
−6 (21) |
−13 (9) |
−36 (−33) |
−49 (−56) |
−58 (−72) |
−60 (−76) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 13 (0.51) |
9 (0.35) |
7 (0.28) |
6 (0.24) |
8 (0.31) |
25 (0.98) |
32 (1.26) |
27 (1.06) |
17 (0.67) |
16 (0.63) |
15 (0.59) |
13 (0.51) |
188 (7.4) |
| Source: Worldwide Bioclimatic Classification System[6] | |||||||||||||
The town is largely reliant on farming of reindeer, hunting for pelts, and fishing.
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