Spermidine

Spermidine
IUPAC name

N-(3-aminopropyl)butane-1,4-diamine
Other names

1,5,10-triazadecane
Identifiers
CAS number 124-20-9 Y
PubChem 1102
DrugBank DB03566
MeSH Spermidine
ChEMBL CHEMBL19612 N
IUPHAR ligand 2390
Jmol-3D images Image 1
Properties
Molecular formula C7H19N3
Molar mass 145.25 g mol−1
Density 0.925 g/mL
Melting point

22-25 °C, 295-298 K, 72-77 °F
 N (verify) (what is: Y/N?)
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Spermidine is a polyamine involved in cellular metabolism. Its known actions include:

  1. Inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, nNOS[1]
  2. Assisting the in vitro process of transcribing RNA via stimulation of T4 polynucleotide kinase and T7 RNA polymerase activity; it binds to and precipitates DNA and is utilized in purifying DNA-binding proteins[2]
  3. Regulation and promotion of plant growth - as a polyamine plant growth regulator it is also a plant hormone-promoting somatic embryogenesis.[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]

Spermidine has also been found to reduce the amount of aging in yeast, flies, worms, and human immune cells by inducing autophagy.[10]

Contents

Sources

See also

References

  1. ^ Hu, J; Mahmoud, MI; El-Fakahany, EE (1994). "Polyamines inhibit nitric oxide synthase in rat cerebellum". Neuroscience letters 175 (1–2): 41–5. doi:10.1016/0304-3940(94)91073-1. PMID 7526294. 
  2. ^ Wan, CY; Wilkins, TA (1993). "Spermidine facilitates PCR amplification of target DNA". PCR methods and applications 3 (3): 208–10. PMID 8118404. 
  3. ^ Cull, M; McHenry, CS (1990). "Preparation of extracts from prokaryotes". Methods in enzymology. Methods in Enzymology 182: 147–53. doi:10.1016/0076-6879(90)82014-S. ISBN 9780121820831. PMID 2107372. 
  4. ^ Blethen, SL; Boeker, EA; Snell, EE (1968). "Argenine decarboxylase from Escherichia coli. I. Purification and specificity for substrates and coenzyme". The Journal of biological chemistry 243 (8): 1671–7. PMID 4870599. 
  5. ^ Wu, WH; Morris, DR (1973). "Biosynthetic arginine decarboxylase from Escherichia coli. Subunit interactions and the role of magnesium ion". The Journal of biological chemistry 248 (5): 1696–9. PMID 4571774. 
  6. ^ Tabor, CW; Tabor, H (1984). "Polyamines". Annual review of biochemistry 53: 749–90. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.53.070184.003533. PMID 6206782. 
  7. ^ Krug, MS; Berger, SL (1987). "First-strand cDNA synthesis primed with oligo(dT)". Methods in enzymology. Methods in Enzymology 152: 316–25. doi:10.1016/0076-6879(87)52036-5. ISBN 9780121820534. PMID 2443800. 
  8. ^ Karkas, JD; Margulies, L; Chargaff, E (1975). "A DNA polymerase from embryos of Drosophila melanogaster. Purification and properties". The Journal of biological chemistry 250 (22): 8657–63. PMID 241752. 
  9. ^ Bouché, JP (1981). "The effect of spermidine on endonuclease inhibition by agarose contaminants". Analytical biochemistry 115 (1): 42–5. doi:10.1016/0003-2697(81)90519-4. PMID 6272602. 
  10. ^ Tobias Eisenberg, Heide Knauer, Alexandra Schauer, Sabrina Büttner, Christoph Ruckenstuhl, Didac Carmona-Gutierrez, Julia Ring, Sabrina Schroeder, Christoph Magnes, Lucia Antonacci, Heike Fussi, Luiza Deszcz, Regina Hart, Elisabeth Schraml, Alfredo Criollo, Evgenia Megalou, Daniela Weiskopf, Peter Laun, Gino Heeren, Michael Breitenbach, Beatrix Grubeck-Loebenstein, Eva Herker, Birthe Fahrenkrog, Kai-Uwe Fröhlich, Frank Sinner, Nektarios Tavernarakis, Nadege Minois, Guido Kroemer, Frank Madeo (4 October 2009). "Induction of autophagy by spermidine promotes longevity,". Nature Cell Biology 11 (11): 1305–14. doi:10.1038/ncb1975. PMID 19801973. http://www.nature.com/ncb/journal/v11/n11/abs/ncb1975.html. 
  11. ^ Leeuwenhoek, A. van (1678) Observationes D. Anthonii Leeuwenhoek, de natis e semine genitali animalculis. Letter dated November 1677. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, 12, 1040-1043.
  12. ^ Eisenberg, Tobias; Knauer, Heide; Schauer, Alexandra; Büttner, Sabrina; Ruckenstuhl, Christoph; Carmona-Gutierrez, Didac; Ring, Julia; Schroeder, Sabrina et al. (2009). "Induction of autophagy by spermidine promotes longevity". Nature Cell Biology 11 (11): 1305–14. doi:10.1038/ncb1975. PMID 19801973. 

External links