Soissons

Administration
Soissons

Town hall


Soissons

Country	France
Region	Picardy
Department	Aisne
Arrondissement	Soissons
Intercommunality	Soissonnais
Mayor	Patrick Day (2008–2014)
Statistics
Elevation	38–130 m (125–430 ft) (avg. 55 m/180 ft)
Land area¹	12.32 km² (4.76 sq mi)
Population²	28,523 (2008)
- Density	2,315 /km² (6,000 /sq mi)
INSEE/Postal code	02722/ 02200
¹ French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.
² Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Soissons (French pronunciation: [swa.sɔ̃]) is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France, located on the Aisne River, about 100 kilometres (62 mi) northeast of Paris. It is one of the most ancient towns of France, and is probably the ancient capital of the Suessiones. Soissons is also the see of an ancient Roman Catholic diocese, whose establishment dates from about 300.

1 History
2 Population
3 Sights
4 Cathedral
5 Notable people and events
6 See also
7 References
8 External links

History

Soissons enters written history under its Celtic name (as later borrowed in Latin), Noviodunum, meaning "new hillfort". At Roman contact, it was a town of the Suessiones, mentioned by Julius Caesar (B. G. ii. 12). Caesar (B.C. 57), after leaving the Axona (modern Aisne), entered the territory of the Suessiones, and making one day's long march, reached Noviodunum, which was surrounded by a high wall and a broad ditch. The place surrendered to Caesar.

From 457 to 486, under Aegidius and his son Syagrius, Noviodunum was the capital of the "Kingdom of Soissons", until it fell to the Frankish king Clovis I in the Battle of Soissons.

Part of the Frankish territory of Neustria, the Soissons region, and the Abbey of Saint-Médard, built in the 8th century, played an important political part during the rule of the Merovingian kings (A.D. 447-751). After the death of Clovis I in 511, Soissons was made the capital of one of the four kingdoms into which his states were divided. Eventually, the kingdom of Soissons disappeared in 613 when the Frankish lands were amalgamated under Clotaire II.

In 744 the Synod of Soissons met at the instigation of Pippin III, and Saint Boniface, the Pope's missionary to pagan Germany, secured the condemnation of the Frankish bishop Adalbert and the Irish missionary Clement.

During the Hundred Years' War, French forces committed a notorious massacre of English archers stationed at the town's garrison, in which many of the French townsfolk were themselves raped and killed.^[1] The massacre of French citizens by French soldiers shocked Europe; Henry V of England, noting that the town of Soissons was dedicated to the saints Crispin and Crispinian, claimed to avenge the honour of the saints when he met the French forces at the Battle of Agincourt on St Crispin's Day 1415.

Between June 1728 and July 1729 it hosted the Congress of Soissons an attempt to resolve a long-standing series of disputes between Great Britain and Spain which had spilled over into the Anglo-Spanish War of 1727. The Congress was largely successful and led to the signing of a peace treaty between them.

The town was on the main path of totality for Solar eclipse of August 11, 1999.

Population

Historical population of Soissons
Year	1793	1800	1806	1821	1831	1836	1841	1846	1851	1856	1861	1866	1872	1876	1881
Population	7675	7229	8126	7765	8149	8424	9152	10,143	9477	7875	10,208	11,099	10,404	11,089	11,112

Year	1886	1891	1896	1901	1906	1911	1921	1926	1931	1936	1946	1954	1962
Population	11,850	12,074	12,373	13,240	14,334	14,458	14,391	17,865	18,705	20,090	18,174	20,484	23,150

Year	1968	1975	1982	1990	1999	2008
Population	25,890	30,009	30,213	29,829	29,439	28,523

Sights

Today, Soissons is a commercial and manufacturing centre with the 12th century Soissons Cathedral and the ruins of St. Jean des Vignes Abbey as two of its most important historical buildings. The nearby Espace Pierres Folles contains a museum, geological trail, and botanical garden.

Cathedral

Main article: Soissons Cathedral

The Cathédrale Saint-Gervais-et-Saint-Protais de Soissons is constructed in the style of Gothic architecture. The building of the south transept was begun about 1177, and the lowest courses of the choir in 1182. The choir with its original three-storey elevation and extremely tall clerestory was completed in 1211. This was earlier than Chartres, on which the design was supposed to have been based. Work then continued into the nave until the late 13th century.^[2]

Notable people and events

The actress Aurore Clément was born in Soissons in 1945.
The saints Crispin and Crispinian were martyred c. 286 at Soissons for preaching Christianity to the local Gauls.

The city was also the site of a World War I German awards ceremony in August 1918, in which Adolf Hitler was presented the Iron Cross (First Class) on recommendation from his superior officer, a Jewish Lieutenant named Hugo Gutmann.

References

^ "At Agincourt : Chapter XIX. Agincourt by G. A. Henty @ Classic Reader". classicreader.com. http://www.classicreader.com/book/1913/20/. Retrieved 2010-06-07.
^ John James, The Template-makers of the Paris Basin, Leura, 1989.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed (1854–57). "^{article name needed}". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.

External links

Communes of the Aisne department