| Shippalgi | |
|---|---|
| Korean name | |
| Hangul | 십팔기 |
| Hanja | 十八技 |
| Revised Romanization | Sib Pal Gi |
| McCune–Reischauer | Sib Pal Ki |
Shippalgi (Hangul: 십팔기 Hanja: 十八技 lit: "eighteen techniques") is a kind of Korean martial arts, a system of eighteen traditional martial practices followed in Korea since 1759. These methods are classified into three categories (thrust, slice, and strike) and reflect strong influence from Chinese martial arts and the tactical military situation of the 18th and 19th century before firearms and modern military technology replaced bladed weapons as primary-use in the Korean Army.
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Sibpalgi, Sipalki, Sibpalki or Sippalki are also used. The initial sound is "sh" rather than "si" as in "sip," and the final sound is more of a softer "g" than a hard "k."
The Korean system of Shippalgi has its roots in the Korean military manual, Muyejebo (“Martial Arts Illustrations”) which was published in 1610. Conflict with the Japanese during the Imjin War (1592 - 1598) revealed severe shortcomings in the Korean national army causing King Seonjo (1567-1608) to order reforms based on the successful training model of the Chinese General Qi Jiguang (1527 - 1587).
The Muyejebo was compiled by one of the king’s military officers, Han Gyo, and consists of 6 fighting systems. These included the Gonbang (long stick), deungpae (shield), nangseon (multi-tipped spear), jangchang (long spear), dangpa (trident) and the ssangsudo (two-handed saber). During the reign of King Youngjo (1724-1776) the Muyejebo was revised, and supplemented with 12 additional fighting methods by Prince Sado. [1]
Prince Sado also originated the term "Shippalgi" - a shortened term from Bonjo Muye Sib Pal Ban ("18 Martial Arts Classes of the Yi Dynasty")- to identify this collection of skills. The 12 skills that were added include the jukjangchang (long bamboo spear), gichang (flag spear), yedo (short sword), waegeom (Japanese sword), gyojeon (combat engagement with the sword), woldo (crescent sword), hyeopdo (spear sword), ssanggeom (twin swords), jedogeom (Admiral’s Sword), bonguk geom (native sword), gwonbeop (fist method), and pyeongon (flail) for a total of 18 methods. This revised publication was titled the Muyesinbo (“Martial Arts New Illustrations”) and published in 1759.
Both the Muyejebo and Muyesinbo formed the basis for the better known Muyedobotongji.[2]
Yoo Soo Nam(유수남) has introduced his family style called Ion Bi Ryu ("school of swallow's secrets") to the West beginning in 1970 when he migrated to Argentina, this style has 18 methods, 15 with weapons and the other 3 unarmed. The unarmed methods consists of: personal defense (Ho Sin Sul), combat one to one or one against more than one opponent (Kwon Bop) and Meditation (Shim Bop).
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