| Shivram Mahadev Paranjape | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1864 |
| Died | 1929 |
Shivram Mahadev Paranjape (Devanagari: शिवराम महादेव परांजपे) (1864-1929) was an eminent Marathi writer, scholar, orator, journalist and freedom fighter from Maharashtra. He is supposed to be the one who successfully created unrest in Maharashtrian people against British Rule through his popular weekly Kaal (meaning 'Times' in Marathi) during 1898 to 1908.
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Paranjape was born on June 27, 1864 in Mahad in Ratnagiri district to a local practising advocate. After his primary education at Mahad, he shifted to Ratnagiri to join the highschool at the age of 14. There he was highly impressed by his teacher Vishnushastri Krushnashastri Chiplunkar who had also inspired Lokmanya Tilak and Gopal Ganesh Agarkar to start their social and political career. In 1882 Paranjape shifted to Pune to join New English School newly founded by Chiplunkar, Tilak and Agarkar. In 1884 he got the prestigious Jagannath Shankarsheth scholarship. After 1884 he spent his first year in college at Fergusson College and subsequently shifted to Deccan College and did his bachelor's in Arts. In 1895 he stood first in M.A. of Bombay University.
After getting his masters degree he joined Maharashtra College as Sanskrit professor. Simultaneously he started giving lectures on the current political and social situation and became instantly popular due to his particular sarcastic style of presentation. As a follower of Tilak he also participated in many socio-political events like 'Shiva Jayanti' and 'Ganesh Utsav' which ultimately compelled him to resign from his college job. Immediatelty after that in 1898 he founded a Weekly called Kaal (काळ), which eventually would have two meanings in Marathi; the first would be 'Times' and the other 'Terminator'. His fiery editorials and humoros and sarcastic style of writing started making the younger generation furious with anger against the British Rule. Kaal continued to be a popular weekly even sometimes surpassing Tilak' Weekly Kesari until Paranjape was arrested in 1908. British authorities consequently convicted him of “sedition” and sentenced him to nineteen months of imprisonment with hard labor. In 1910 when he was set free, British authorities banned the publication of Kaal and also confiscated collections of his past essays and editorials in the weekly. Paranjape thereupon decided to take a break and turn to literature.
Paranjape wrote over one thousand political and social essays and critiques; short stories; novels; and plays. He was elected president of the Marathi Sahitya Sammelan (All India Marathi Meet) held at Belgaum in 1929. His works include the following :
Paranjape once again became active in politics during 1920 after the emergence of M.K.Gandhi on the Indian political orbit. In 1922, British authorities inprisoned Paranjape for six months for participation in a satyagraha at Mulshi under the leadership of Gandhi to oppose the proposed Mulshi Dam. In 1927, he became President of the Maharashtra branch of the Indian Independence Leauge formed by Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhashchandra Bose and Shrinivas Ayyangar. He was a patient of Diabetes for many years and finally took his last breath on 27 September 1929.