Severn Beach Line

The Severn Beach Line is a local railway in Bristol, UK. It runs from Narroways Hill Junction to Severn Beach, and is the successor to the Bristol Port Railway and Pier, which ran from a Bristol terminus in the Avon Gorge to a station and pier on the Severn Estuary.

Passenger trains run from Bristol Temple Meads to Severn Beach via nine local stations. The line carries little freight traffic, with most of the heavy freight traffic to Avonmouth Docks being routed via the Henbury Loop through Filton. The line has been highlighted by Thomas Cook as one of the scenic lines of Europe.^[1]

History

The Bristol Port Railway and Pier

Work began on the 'Bristol Port Railway and Pier' (BPRP) in 1863 and the line was opened on 6 March 1865 with six trains each way on weekdays and four on Sundays.

It ran from Hotwells railway station, originally known as Clifton, west of Bristol city centre between the Clifton Suspension Bridge and Bridge Valley Road, to Avonmouth, via Sea Mills and Shirehampton.

As built the railway was isolated from the rest of the national network, and because of poor finances of the company, plans to extend the railway into the city centre and Temple Meads station were not realised for several more years.

Connection and extension

The Great Western Railway and the Midland Railway decided to jointly fund a branch, known as the Clifton Extension Railway, to connect the BPRP to both of their networks. The branch left the GWR South Wales line at Narroways Hill Junction, just north of the existing station at Stapleton Road. The branch was joined just beyond Narroways Hill by a line which left the Midland main line at Kingswood Junction, just west of Fishponds station. The first section through Montpelier to Clifton Down opened on 1 October 1874. It was quite an achievement, running though cuttings, and tunnels and over embankments and viaducts, the longest and highest as the train travels between Montpelier and Redland.

The greatest engineering feature of the branch was a mile-long tunnel underneath Clifton Down. The section through the tunnel from Clifton Down station to Sneyd Park Junction, where it connected to the Bristol Port Railway, opened to goods traffic in 1877 and to passenger trains on 1 September 1885.^[2]

As a result of this BPRP Clifton station was renamed Hotwells. The section of track from here to Sneyd Park Junction survived until 1922 when it was demolished to build the A4 Bristol Portway.

The residents of Redland successfully petitioned for a station and in April 1897 one was opened close to the Lovers Walk bridge. The ticket office was on the bridge rather than the platform. St Andrews Road station was opened in March 1917 to serve the munitions factory there. Finally Severn Beach station opened in April 1922.

The line in modern times

The line has been substantially rationalised, as with many branch lines in the UK. There are now extensive sections of single track, although in all locations where this was not originally the case, space has been left so that the second track could in theory be re-instated. The only sections at which trains can pass are on the main line between Temple Meads and Narroways Hill Junction and in the passing loops at Clifton Down and Avonmouth. All stations except Temple Meads are unstaffed, and it is only possible to purchase a ticket for immediate travel after boarding the train as presently no stations are provided with ticket vending machines.

In 2009 stations on the line had real-time customer information screens installed. These show details of forthcoming departures, including when they are expected to arrive. The screens are built into the white circular 'Information Points' on the platforms.

Passenger services are operated by First Great Western using Class 143, Class 150, Class 153 or Class 158 diesel multiple units. These trains are usually two-man-operation, although during busy times a third member of staff may be rostered to assist in issuing tickets. With two-man-operation the guard is required to operate the passenger doors as well as serve as a ticket-issuing conductor, which can be a source of delays, as well as potentially a means of losing revenue. The plans for the line (see below) include the possibility of running trains with the driver opening the doors. In this case, the idea would be to free up the guard to simply check and issue tickets.

In the year 2005/6, 375,000 passenger journeys were officially known to have been made on the line.^[3] The main destination, other than Temple Meads, is Clifton Down, partly due to the large shopping centre immediately outside the station on Whiteladies Road.

The route has been used as a diversionary route for trains travelling north from Bristol when the normal route is closed for engineering work. The freight-only Henbury Loop connects Avonmouth with Bristol Parkway station on the London-South Wales and Bristol-Birmingham routes.

On 20 October 1981, the Severn Beach Line saw one of the first uses of a railbus on passenger services, when BREL Railbus RB003 operated the 10:08 service from Bristol Temple Meads.^[4] The first railbus concept, LEV1, would begin operations on the line less than a week later.

Passenger services

Prior to May 2008

On Sunday 18 May 2008, a major timetable change came into force on the line. Prior to this the service had been gradually improving over a couple of years, services on the line have not approached the frequencies and passenger numbers seen on other city branch lines in the UK.

On Monday to Fridays, 11 trains ran from Bristol Temple Meads just as far as Avonmouth with a further seven continuing all the way to Severn Beach, only in the early mornings and evenings. A connecting bus provided through journeys from Avonmouth to Severn Beach during the daytime. During the morning, two trains provided a service approximately every 40 minutes, with an hourly daytime service using only one unit. As only one train was available to run weekday evening services, when all journeys ran to Severn Beach, the frequency of services was reduced because of the longer distance to Severn Beach. On Saturdays all 16 services ran to Severn Beach, using two trains to provide an hourly service. There was no Sunday service.

Current services

Bristol City Council has agreed to subsidise a more frequent service. Since December 2007 a more frequent service has operated in morning peaks, using two trains. From Sunday 18 May 2008, there is an increased service all day.^[5][6]. Trains start earlier in the morning and finish later in the evening, with three trains in every 2-hour cycle during the daytime. In addition to improving the frequency of services this also increases turnaround time, so the timetable should be more reliable. This will have the unfortunate side-effect of trains not being at the same times past each hour.

Services to Severn Beach will be reduced overall, with only one train every two hours Mondays to Fridays, as opposed to the current service provided by a bus every hour connecting with every train. However, overall journey time is shortened by 8 minutes by removing the need to change at Avonmouth. The bus continues to run on Saturdays to continue to provide, together with the through trains, one journey per hour to/from Severn Beach. For the first time in recent history, there will be a Sunday service, with hourly departures between 10am and 6pm from Bristol to Avonmouth, initially advertised to run until Sunday 7 September 2008. However this Sunday service has continued^[7] and will do so until at least 13 December 2008 when there will be the usual bi-annual timetable revision. St Andrew's Road and Severn Beach itself continue to have no Sunday service.

Passenger volume

Below are the passenger usage statistics from years starting April 2002 to April 2009. Comparing 2002 with later years has shown a general increase on the line in usage. The most recent figures have been attributed to an improved service.^[8] The high usage at Clifton Down is due in part to its proximity to Bristol Zoo.

The statistics are for passengers arriving and departing from each station and cover twelve month periods that start in April. Note that methodology of counting may change from year to year.

Future plans

First Great Western and the Severnside Community Rail Partnership have produced the Severn Beach Line Development Plan. This plan aims to radically increase passenger numbers, train frequencies, information and station conditions, and looks at longer term development opportunities, such as using the line to serve the Portway Park and Ride site and running a 'loop' service via new stations on the Henbury line.^[3]

See also

• Commuter rail in the United Kingdom

References

External links

• http://www.severnbeachline.org - Severnside Community Rail Partnership's website for the line
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/insideout/west/series6/railway.shtml – general information
• http://www.david.frih.net/severn/ - the main source for the historical data included above
• http://www.fosbr.org.uk/ - Friends of Suburban Bristol Railways.