Isotopes of selenium

Selenium (Se) has six naturally occurring isotopes, five of which are stable: 74Se, 76Se, 77Se, 78Se, and 80Se. The last three also occur as fission products, along with 79Se which has a half-life of 327,000 years,[1][2] and 82Se which has a very long half-life (~1020 yr, decaying via double beta decay to 82Kr) and for practical purposes can be considered to be stable. 23 other unstable isotopes have been characterized, the longest-lived being 79Se with a half-life 327,000 years, 75Se with a half-life of 120 days, and 72Se with a half-life of 8.40 days. All other isotopes have half-lives less than 8 hours, most less than 38 seconds, which of these, 73Se is the most stable, with a half-life of 7.15 hours.

Standard atomic mass: 78.96(3) u

Contents

Table

nuclide
symbol
Z(p) N(n)  
isotopic mass (u)
 
half-life[n 1] decay
mode(s)[3][n 2]
daughter
isotope(s)[n 3]
nuclear
spin
representative
isotopic
composition
(mole fraction)
range of natural
variation
(mole fraction)
excitation energy
65Se 34 31 64.96466(64)# <50 ms β+ (>99.9%) 65As 3/2-#
β+, p (<.1%) 64Ge
66Se 34 32 65.95521(32)# 33(12) ms β+ 66As 0+
67Se 34 33 66.95009(21)# 133(11) ms β+ (99.5%) 67As 5/2-#
β+, p (.5%) 66Ge
68Se 34 34 67.94180(4) 35.5(7) s β+ 68As 0+
69Se 34 35 68.93956(4) 27.4(2) s β+ (99.955%) 69As (1/2-)
β+, p (.045%) 68Ge
69m1Se 39.4(1) keV 2.0(2) µs 5/2-
69m2Se 573.9(10) keV 955(16) ns 9/2+
70Se 34 36 69.93339(7) 41.1(3) min β+ 70As 0+
71Se 34 37 70.93224(3) 4.74(5) min β+ 71As 5/2-
71m1Se 48.79(5) keV 5.6(7) µs 1/2- to 9/2-
71m2Se 260.48(10) keV 19.0(5) µs (9/2)+
72Se 34 38 71.927112(13) 8.40(8) d EC 72As 0+
73Se 34 39 72.926765(11) 7.15(8) h β+ 73As 9/2+
73mSe 25.71(4) keV 39.8(13) min IT 73Se 3/2-
β+ 73As
74Se 34 40 73.9224764(18) Observationally Stable [n 4] 0+ 0.0089(4)
75Se 34 41 74.9225234(18) 119.779(4) d EC 75As 5/2+
76Se 34 42 75.9192136(18) Stable 0+ 0.0937(29)
77Se 34 43 76.9199140(18) Stable 1/2- 0.0763(16)
77mSe 161.9223(7) keV 17.36(5) s IT 77Se 7/2+
78Se 34 44 77.9173091(18) Stable 0+ 0.2377(28)
79Se[n 5] 34 45 78.9184991(18) 3.27(8)×105 a β- 79Br 7/2+
79mSe 95.77(3) keV 3.92(1) min IT (99.944%) 79Se 1/2-
β- (.056%) 79Br
80Se 34 46 79.9165213(21) Observationally Stable[n 6] 0+ 0.4961(41)
81Se 34 47 80.9179925(22) 18.45(12) min β- 81Br 1/2-
81mSe 102.99(6) keV 57.28(2) min IT (99.948%) 81Se 7/2+
β- (.052%) 81Br
82Se[n 7] 34 48 81.9166994(22) 97(5)×1018 a β-β- 82Kr 0+ 0.0873(22)
83Se 34 49 82.919118(4) 22.3(3) min β- 83Br 9/2+
83mSe 228.50(20) keV 70.1(4) s β- 83Br 1/2-
84Se 34 50 83.918462(16) 3.1(1) min β- 84Br 0+
85Se 34 51 84.92225(3) 31.7(9) s β- 85Br (5/2+)#
86Se 34 52 85.924272(17) 15.3(9) s β- 86Br 0+
87Se 34 53 86.92852(4) 5.50(12) s β- (99.64%) 87Br (5/2+)#
β-, n (.36%) 86Br
88Se 34 54 87.93142(5) 1.53(6) s β- (99.01%) 88Br 0+
β-, n (.99%) 88Br
89Se 34 55 88.93645(32)# 0.41(4) s β- (92.2%) 89Br (5/2+)#
β-, n (7.8%) 88Br
90Se 34 56 89.93996(43)# 300# ms [>300 ns] β-, n 89Br 0+
β- 90Br
91Se 34 57 90.94596(54)# 270(50) ms β- (79%) 91Br 1/2+#
β-, n 90Br
92Se 34 58 91.94992(64)# 100# ms [>300 ns] β- 92Br 0+
93Se 34 59 92.95629(86)# 50# ms [>300 ns] 1/2+#
94Se 34 60 93.96049(86)# 20# ms [>300 ns] 0+
  1. ^ Bold for isotopes with half-lives longer than the age of the universe (nearly stable)
  2. ^ Abbreviations:
    EC: Electron capture
    IT: Isomeric transition
  3. ^ Bold for stable isotopes
  4. ^ Believed to decay by β+β+ to 74Ge
  5. ^ Long-lived fission product
  6. ^ Believed to decay by β-β- to 80Kr
  7. ^ Primordial radionuclide

Notes

See also

References

  1. ^ The half-life of 79Se
  2. ^ Jorg, Gerhard; Buhnemann, Rolf; Hollas, Simon; Kivel, Niko; Kossert, Karsten; Van Winckel, Stefaan; Gostomski, Christoph Lierse v. (2010). "Preparation of radiochemically pure 79Se and highly precise determination of its half-life". Applied Radiation and Isotopes 68 (12): 2339–51. doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2010.05.006. PMID 20627600. 
  3. ^ http://www.nucleonica.net/unc.aspx
Isotopes of arsenic Isotopes of selenium Isotopes of bromine
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