Scorpaeniformes
| Scorpaeniformes | |
|---|---|
| Scorpaenidae: Pterois antennata | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Scorpaeniformes |
| Suborders | |
|
Anoplopomatoidei |
|
Scorpaeniformes is an order of ray-finned fish, but it has also been called the Scleroparei.
They are known as "mail-cheeked" fishes due to their distinguishing characteristic, the suborbital stay: a backwards extension of the third circumorbital bone (part of the lateral head/cheek skeleton, below the eye socket) across the cheek to the preoperculum, to which it is connected in most species.[1]
Scorpaeniform fishes are carnivorous, mostly feeding on crustaceans and on smaller fish. Most species live on the sea bottom in relatively shallow waters, although species are known from deep water, from the mid-water, and even from fresh water. They typically have spiny heads, and rounded pectoral and caudal fins. Most species are less than 30 centimetres (12 in) in length, but the full size range of the order varies from the velvetfishes, which can be just 2 centimetres (0.79 in) long as adults, to the Lingcod, which can reach 150 centimetres (4.9 ft) in length.[1]
Contents |
Classification
The division of Scorpaeniformes into families is not settled; accounts range from 26 families[2][3] to 35 families.[4][5]
Order Scorpaeniformes
- Suborder Anoplopomatoidei
- Anoplopomatidae (sablefish and skilfish)
- Suborder Cottoidei
- Superfamily Cottoidea
- Abyssocottidae (deep-water sculpins)
- Agonidae (poachers)
- Bathylutichthyidae
- Comephoridae (Baikal oilfishes)
- Cottidae (sculpins)
- Cottocomephoridae (Baikal sculpins)
- Ereuniidae
- Hemitripteridae (sea ravens and sailfin sculpins)
- Icelidae (scaled sculpins)[6]
- Psychrolutidae (fatheads)
- Rhamphocottidae (grunt sculpin)
- Superfamily Cyclopteroidea
- Superfamily Cottoidea
- Suborder Dactylopteroidei
- Suborder Hexagrammoidei
- Suborder Normanichthyiodei
- Suborder Platycephaloidei
- Bembridae (deepwater flatheads)
- Hoplichthyidae (ghost flatheads)
- Parabembridae[7]
- Platycephalidae (flatheads)
- Suborder Scorpaenoidei
- Apistidae[8]
- Aploactinidae (velvetfishes)
- Caracanthidae (orbicular velvetfishes)
- Congiopodidae (horsefishes and pigfishes)
- Eschmeyeridae
- Gnathanacanthidae (red velvetfish)
- Neosebastidae[8]
- Pataecidae (Australian prowfishes)
- Peristediidae[9]
- Plectrogenidae[8]
- Scorpaenidae (scorpionfishes and rockfishes)
- Sebastidae[8]
- Setarchidae[8]
- Synanceiidae (stonefishes)
- Tetrarogidae (waspfishes)[8]
- Triglidae (searobins)
Timeline of genera
See also
Notes and references
- ^ a b Eschmeyer, William N. (1998). Paxton, J.R. & Eschmeyer, W.N.. ed. Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 175. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.
- ^ Joseph S. Nelson. Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-54713-1.
- ^ "Scorpaeniformes". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=166702. Retrieved 31 March 2006.
- ^ William N. Eschmeyer, Carl J. Ferraris, Mysi D. Hoang, Douglas J. Long (1998). Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. ISBN 0-940228-47-5.
- ^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2006). "Scorpaeniformes" in FishBase. February 2006 version.
- ^ Icelidae is described as a separate family by some sources [1], containing only the genus Icelus. However, this genus which is considered to be a member of Cottidae by most other sources [2]
- ^ Parabembridae is included in Bembridae in ITIS and Nelson, but split in FishBase and Eschmeyer.
- ^ a b c d e f Apistidae, Neosebastidae, Plectrogenidae, Sebastidae, and Setarchidae are included in Scorpaenidae in ITIS and Nelson, but split in FishBase and Eschmeyer.
- ^ Peristediidae is included in Triglidae in ITIS and Nelson, but split in FishBase and Eschmeyer.
- Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology 364: p.560. http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=611&rank=class. Retrieved 2011-05-17.