| Sanya 三亚 |
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|---|---|
| — Prefecture-level city — | |
| 三亚市 | |
| West part of Sanya | |
| Location Sanya City (yellow) in Hainan Island and the PRC | |
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Sanya
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| Coordinates: | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Hainan |
| Government | |
| • CPC Municipal Secretary | Jiang Sixian |
| Area | |
| • Total | 1,919.58 km2 (741.2 sq mi) |
| Population (2010 Census) | |
| • Total | 685,408 |
| • Density | 357.1/km2 (924.8/sq mi) |
| Time zone | China Standard (UTC+8) |
| Postal code | 572100 |
| Area code(s) | (0)898 |
| Licence plate prefixes | 琼B |
| Website | http://www.sanya.gov.cn/ |
Sanya (simplified Chinese: 三亚; traditional Chinese: 三亞; pinyin: Sānyà) is the southernmost city in the People's Republic of China and one of the two prefecture-level cities in Hainan Province. According to the 2010 Census, the population of Sanya is of 685,408 inhabitants[1], living in an area of 1,919.58 km². The city is renowned for its tropical climate and has emerged as a popular tourist destination, also serving as the training site of the Chinese national beach volleyball team. Sanya is home to small concentrations of Utsul people.
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The ancient name of Sanya is Yazhou (崖州), which literally means "cliff state". Its history can be dated back to the Qin Dynasty (221 BC – 206 BC, more than 2,200 years ago). Since then, it has always been within the territory of the Chinese dynasties. Due to its remoteness, Sanya is sometimes called Tianyahaijiao (天涯海角), meaning "the end of the sky and ocean". Some prime ministers in various dynasties were exiled there and a monk named Jianzhen accidentally sailed there and used the place as one of his harbors for his long Buddhist missionary journey to Japan.[2]
During the Second Sino-Japanese War, Japan occupied the area from 1941–1945 and Sanya was known as Samah, and was the home port for the Second Fleet of the Imperial Japanese Navy and the main embarkation point for the Japanese Invasion of Malaya and Thailand.
Sanya lies at the southern tip of Hainan Island at Sanya Bay. Located at 18° 15' N latitude, it is about as far north of the Equator as the Island of Hawaii is. Though the administrative area (Sanya Prefecture) has a rough topography, the city itself is generally flat, lying on a parcel of land between low-level mountains to the north and the South China Sea. The area has a tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen Aw),[3] featuring very warm weather all year around. Monsoonal influences are strong, with a relatively lengthy wet season and a pronounced dry season. The coolest month is January, at 21.6 °C (70.9 °F), while the hottest, unlike much of the rest of China, is June, at 28.8 °C (83.8 °F); the annual mean is 25.8 °C (78.4 °F). Water temperatures remain above 20 °C (68 °F) year-round.[4]
| Climate data for Sanya (1971−2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 26.1 (79.0) |
26.8 (80.2) |
28.6 (83.5) |
30.7 (87.3) |
32.0 (89.6) |
31.9 (89.4) |
31.7 (89.1) |
31.4 (88.5) |
31.2 (88.2) |
30.2 (86.4) |
28.5 (83.3) |
26.6 (79.9) |
29.6 (85.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 21.6 (70.9) |
22.5 (72.5) |
24.6 (76.3) |
26.9 (80.4) |
28.4 (83.1) |
28.8 (83.8) |
28.5 (83.3) |
28.1 (82.6) |
27.4 (81.3) |
26.4 (79.5) |
24.3 (75.7) |
22.1 (71.8) |
25.80 (78.44) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 18.5 (65.3) |
19.8 (67.6) |
21.9 (71.4) |
24.2 (75.6) |
25.6 (78.1) |
26.1 (79.0) |
25.9 (78.6) |
25.5 (77.9) |
24.7 (76.5) |
23.4 (74.1) |
21.3 (70.3) |
19.0 (66.2) |
23.0 (73.4) |
| Rainfall mm (inches) | 8.0 (0.315) |
12.8 (0.504) |
19.2 (0.756) |
43.3 (1.705) |
142.3 (5.602) |
197.5 (7.776) |
192.6 (7.583) |
221.5 (8.72) |
251.4 (9.898) |
234.5 (9.232) |
58.3 (2.295) |
10.7 (0.421) |
1,392.1 (54.807) |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 5.6 | 10.0 | 14.0 | 13.8 | 16.0 | 17.0 | 13.5 | 6.6 | 3.7 | 111.1 |
| Source: Weather.com.cn[4] | |||||||||||||
Sanya is a prefecture-level city, but its subdivisions are more similar to that of a sub-prefecture-level city or a county-level city. It has direct jurisdiction over 2 township-level districts (乡级管理区 xiangji guanli-qu), six towns (镇 zhen) and four state-run farms:
| English Name | Simplified | Traditional | Pinyin | Area | Population | Density |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hexi District | 河西区 | 河西區 | Héxī Qū | 10 | 134,026 | 13,403 |
| Hedong District | 河东区 | 河東區 | Hédōng Qū | 35 | 147,944 | 4,227 |
| Haitangwan Town | 海棠湾镇 | 海棠灣鎮 | Hǎitángwān Zhèn | 254 | 44,617 | 176 |
| Jiyang Town | 吉阳镇 | 吉陽鎮 | Jíyáng Zhèn | 199 | 92,316 | 464 |
| Fenghuang Town | 凤凰镇 | 鳳凰鎮 | Fènghuáng Zhèn | 487 | 66,801 | 137 |
| Yacheng Town | 崖城镇 | 崖城鎮 | Yáchéng Zhèn | 383 | 74,779 | 195 |
| Tianya Town | 天涯镇 | 天涯鎮 | Tiānyá Zhèn | 269 | 34,934 | 130 |
| Yucai Town | 育才镇 | 育才鎮 | Yùcái Zhèn | 315 | 17,515 | 56 |
| Nantian Farm | 国营南田农场 | 國營南田農場 | Guóyíng Nántián Nóngchǎng | N.D. | 24,280 | N.D. |
| Nanxin Farm | 国营南新农场 | 國營南新農場 | Guóyíng Nánxīn Nóngchǎng | N.D. | 16,801 | N.D. |
| Licai Farm | 国营立才农场 | 國營立才農場 | Guóyíng Lìcái Nóngchǎng | N.D. | 16,659 | N.D. |
| Nanbin Farm | 国营南滨农场 | 國營南濱農場 | Guóyíng Nánbīn Nóngchǎng | N.D. | 14,736 | N.D. |
In recent years Sanya has become a common tourist destination from Hong Kong. The first international resort hotel was opened and managed by Swiss hotelier Nicolas C. Solari in 1999, in Yalong Bay.[5] Numerous international hotel chains are now established in the area. In 2009 hotel group Mandarin Oriental opened their first property in mainland China in the Dadong Hai area of Sanya.
Because of geographical and political circumstances unique to Sanya, many niche markets have been cultivated in real estate, food and beverage management, Chinese language and cultural exchange, agro-tourism, and wilderness adventures.
Due to increased development, new venues for resorts have been developed. Formerly popular sites such as Dadong Hai and Yalong Bay have now been somewhat supplanted by the new Haitan bay and Xiangshui Bay, where the natural environment remains largely unspoiled.
Sanya attracts international travelers as can be seen by the many Russian and English signs throughout the city.
Other attractions include:
The city is served by Sanya Phoenix International Airport. Buses from other parts of the island serve Sanya's bus terminal. Taxis are available throughout the city.
The No. 8 bus connects the airport to Dadonghai Beach and Yalong Bay.
Construction of the Hainan East Ring Intercity Rail began in 2007. The railway now links Sanya and Haikou and runs along the east coast of Hainan. There are 15 stations in between, either in operation or still under construction. Trains are designed to travel at 250 km/h. Travel time from Sanya to Haikou is approximately 1 hour and 22 minutes. On December 30, 2010, an announcement was made that another high-speed railway will be built along the west coast of Hainan connecting with the Hainan East Ring Intercity Rail in Sanya and Haikou.
The city hosted the:
Sanya was the first Chinese city (excluding Special Administrative Regions) to receive the Olympic torch after its departure from Beijing, in the 2008 Olympics held in Beijing.
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