| Salamanca | |
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| — City — | |
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| Coordinates: | |
| Country | United States |
| State | New York |
| County | Cattaraugus |
| Government | |
| • Type | Council-Manager |
| • Mayor | Jeffrey L. Pond, Sr. (D, R) |
| • City Council |
Members' List
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| Area | |
| • Total | 6.2 sq mi (16.1 km2) |
| • Land | 6.0 sq mi (15.5 km2) |
| • Water | 0.2 sq mi (0.6 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,381 ft (421 m) |
| Population (2000) | |
| • Total | 6,097 |
| • Density | 1,015.6/sq mi (392.1/km2) |
| Time zone | Eastern (EST) (UTC-5) |
| • Summer (DST) | EDT (UTC-4) |
| ZIP code | 14779 |
| Area code(s) | 716 |
| FIPS code | 36-64749 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0964291 |
| Website | http://www.salmun.com |
Salamanca is a city in Cattaraugus County, New York, United States, located inside the Allegany Indian Reservation. The population was 6,097 at the 2000 census.
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According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.2 square miles (16.2 km²), of which, 6.0 square miles (15.5 km²) of it is land and 0.2 square miles (0.6 km²) of it (3.69%) is water.
Salamanca is located on a reservation of the Seneca Nation of Indians (one of the six tribes of the Iroquois Confederacy), and the city population of about 6000 is about 35% Native American. The city lies on the Allegheny River and is adjacent to the Allegany State Park.
The Southern Tier Expressway (Interstate 86 and New York State Route 17) passes south of the city, as does US Route 219 and New York State Route 417.
Salamanca was originally called "Hemlock," a name derived from the fact that there were numerous hemlock trees throughout the surrounding majestic mountains of the Mighty Ohi:yo'. In 1999, the past land leases for houses built on Indian land expired. The land is part of the reservation of the Seneca's gauranteeed by the 1794 treaty of Canandaigua. It is held in lease by non-Seneca residents. The previous leases had had only nominal payments. Many people living in the city did not agree on the amount of lease payments, and this caused bitterness, lawsuits, and appeals to government officials. In the end, the new leases were put into effect, and sixteen households were seized and their owners evicted from their homes for refusing to sign the lease. The current lease is in effect until 2030.
The Seneca Nation of Indians opened a gambling casino in Salamanca in May 2004. About 1,000 new jobs were created by the current casino operation, creating a housing shortage for the influx of workers. The 25% share of the revenue going to the city and county have enabled the city to try to refurbish its worn-down image.
However, noticeable, significant change has not yet occurred in the city, with new construction in only a few select areas. Main Street and US Route 219 (which runs through the city) remains largely untouched with little to no renovation and is populated by cigarette, tobacco, coffee shops, gas stations and empty storefronts. Some have criticized the current trend of developing the "New Salamanca" as a tax free cigarette/gas haven.
As of the census[1] of 2000, there were 6,097 people, 2,469 households, and 1,575 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,015.6 people per square mile (392.3/km²). There were 2,749 housing units at an average density of 457.9 per square mile (176.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 74.26% White, 0.66% Black or African American, 20.74% Native American (U.S. Census), 0.33% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 0.18% from other races, and 1.75% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.82% of the population.
There were 2,469 households out of which 31.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.2% were married couples living together, 15.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.2% were non-families. 31.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 3.00.
In the city the population was spread out with 27.0% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 20.7% from 45 to 64, and 17.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 88.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.6 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $24,579, and the median income for a family was $30,996. Males had a median income of $25,549 versus $19,180 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,812. About 18.0% of families and 22.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.7% of those under age 18 and 15.9% of those age 65 or over.
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