SSTable (abbreviation of Sorted String Table) is an on-disk file format that represents a string-to-string mapping.[1] It is an immutable system so that once written, the map remains unchanged.
The file system stores key-value pairs that are sorted by the key. The write is done sequentially with an index at the end of the file. By creating the index, it suffices to keep the index in memory for efficient lookups. In order to load the table for random access into memory, a process will first seek the index, find the link to the data and read only necessary information from the disk.[2]