SOS1

Son of sevenless homolog 1 (Drosophila)

PDB rendering based on 1awe.
Identifiers
Symbols SOS1; GF1; GGF1; GINGF; HGF; NS4
External IDs OMIM: 182530 MGI: 98354 HomoloGene: 4117 GeneCards: SOS1 Gene
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species Human Mouse
Entrez 6654 20662
Ensembl ENSG00000115904 ENSMUSG00000024241
UniProt Q07889 Q2M4G6
RefSeq (mRNA) NM_005633.3 NM_009231.2
RefSeq (protein) NP_005624.2 NP_033257.2
Location (UCSC) Chr 2:
39.21 – 39.35 Mb		 Chr 17:
80.79 – 80.88 Mb
PubMed search [1] [2]

Son of sevenless homolog 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SOS1 gene.[1][2] RAS genes (e.g., MIM 190020) encode membrane-bound guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that function in the transduction of signals that control cell growth and differentiation. Binding of GTP activates RAS proteins, and subsequent hydrolysis of the bound GTP to GDP and phosphate inactivates signaling by these proteins. GTP binding can be catalyzed by guanine nucleotide exchange factors for RAS, and GTP hydrolysis can be accelerated by GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). The first exchange factor to be identified for RAS was the S. cerevisiae CDC25 gene product. Genetic analysis indicated that CDC25 is essential for activation of RAS proteins. In Drosophila, the protein encoded by the 'son of sevenless' gene (Sos) contains a domain that shows sequence similarity with the catalytic domain of CDC25. Sos may act as a positive regulator of RAS by promoting guanine nucleotide exchange.[supplied by OMIM][3] Recent studies also show that mutations in Sos1 can cause Noonan syndrome[4] and hereditary gingival fibromatosis type 1.[5] Noonan syndrome has also been shown to be caused by mutations in KRAS and PTPN11 genes.[6] activators of the MAP kinase pathway.

Contents

Interactions

SOS1 has been shown to interact with PTPN11,[7][8] PLCG1,[9][10] NCK1,[11][12][13][14] MUC1,[15][16] Grb2,[17][15][18][19][20][13][21][8][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] ITSN1,[28] Epidermal growth factor receptor,[27][35][36] FRS2,[23][37][38] BCR gene,[20][39] EPS8,[40][41] SH3KBP1,[42] CRK,[13] HRAS,[43][44] SHC1[8][31][35][37] and ABI1.[41]

See also

References

  1. ^ Webb GC, Jenkins NA, Largaespada DA, Copeland NG, Fernandez CS, Bowtell DD (Feb 1994). "Mammalian homologues of the Drosophila Son of sevenless gene map to murine chromosomes 17 and 12 and to human chromosomes 2 and 14, respectively". Genomics 18 (1): 14–9. doi:10.1006/geno.1993.1421. PMID 8276400. 
  2. ^ Xiao S, Wang X, Qu B, Yang M, Liu G, Bu L, Wang Y, Zhu L, Lei H, Hu L, Zhang X, Liu J, Zhao G, Kong X (Nov 2000). "Refinement of the locus for autosomal dominant hereditary gingival fibromatosis (GINGF) to a 3.8-cM region on 2p21". Genomics 68 (3): 247–52. doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6285. PMID 10995566. 
  3. ^ "Entrez Gene: SOS1 son of sevenless homolog 1 (Drosophila)". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=6654. 
  4. ^ Roberts AE, Araki T, Swanson KD, Montgomery KT, Schiripo TA, Joshi VA, Li L, Yassin Y, Tamburino AM, Neel BG, Kucherlapati RS (January 2007). "Germline gain-of-function mutations in SOS1 cause Noonan syndrome". Nat. Genet. 39 (1): 70–4. doi:10.1038/ng1926. PMID 17143285. 
  5. ^ Hart TC, Zhang Y, Gorry MC, Hart PS, Cooper M, Marazita ML, Marks JM, Cortelli JR, Pallos D (April 2002). "A mutation in the SOS1 gene causes hereditary gingival fibromatosis type 1". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 70 (4): 943–54. doi:10.1086/339689. PMC 379122. PMID 11868160. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=379122. 
  6. ^ Tartaglia M, Mehler EL, Goldberg R, Zampino G, Brunner HG, Kremer H, van der Burgt I, Crosby AH, Ion A, Jeffery S, Kalidas K, Patton MA, Kucherlapati RS, Gelb BD (December 2001). "Mutations in PTPN11, encoding the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2, cause Noonan syndrome". Nat. Genet. 29 (4): 465–8. doi:10.1038/ng772. PMID 11704759. 
  7. ^ Hadari, Y R; Kouhara H, Lax I, Schlessinger J (Jul. 1998). "Binding of Shp2 tyrosine phosphatase to FRS2 is essential for fibroblast growth factor-induced PC12 cell differentiation". Mol. Cell. Biol. (UNITED STATES) 18 (7): 3966–73. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 108981. PMID 9632781. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=108981. 
  8. ^ a b c Chin, H; Saito T, Arai A, Yamamoto K, Kamiyama R, Miyasaka N, Miura O (Oct. 1997). "Erythropoietin and IL-3 induce tyrosine phosphorylation of CrkL and its association with Shc, SHP-2, and Cbl in hematopoietic cells". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (UNITED STATES) 239 (2): 412–7. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.7480. ISSN 0006-291X. PMID 9344843. 
  9. ^ Kim, M J; Chang J S, Park S K, Hwang J I, Ryu S H, Suh P G (Jul. 2000). "Direct interaction of SOS1 Ras exchange protein with the SH3 domain of phospholipase C-gamma1". Biochemistry (UNITED STATES) 39 (29): 8674–82. doi:10.1021/bi992558t. ISSN 0006-2960. PMID 10913276. 
  10. ^ Scholler, J K; Perez-Villar J J, O'Day K, Kanner S B (Aug. 2000). "Engagement of the T lymphocyte antigen receptor regulates association of son-of-sevenless homologues with the SH3 domain of phospholipase Cgamma1". Eur. J. Immunol. (GERMANY) 30 (8): 2378–87. doi:10.1002/1521-4141(2000)30:8<2378::AID-IMMU2378>3.0.CO;2-E. ISSN 0014-2980. PMID 10940929. 
  11. ^ Wunderlich, L; Faragó A, Buday L (Jan. 1999). "Characterization of interactions of Nck with Sos and dynamin". Cell. Signal. (ENGLAND) 11 (1): 25–9. doi:10.1016/S0898-6568(98)00027-8. ISSN 0898-6568. PMID 10206341. 
  12. ^ Hu, Q; Milfay D, Williams L T (Mar. 1995). "Binding of NCK to SOS and activation of ras-dependent gene expression". Mol. Cell. Biol. (UNITED STATES) 15 (3): 1169–74. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 230339. PMID 7862111. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=230339. 
  13. ^ a b c Okada, S; Pessin J E (Oct. 1996). "Interactions between Src homology (SH) 2/SH3 adapter proteins and the guanylnucleotide exchange factor SOS are differentially regulated by insulin and epidermal growth factor". J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 271 (41): 25533–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.41.25533. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 8810325. 
  14. ^ Braverman, L E; Quilliam L A (Feb. 1999). "Identification of Grb4/Nckbeta, a src homology 2 and 3 domain-containing adapter protein having similar binding and biological properties to Nck". J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 274 (9): 5542–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.9.5542. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 10026169. 
  15. ^ a b Pandey, P; Kharbanda S, Kufe D (Sep. 1995). "Association of the DF3/MUC1 breast cancer antigen with Grb2 and the Sos/Ras exchange protein". Cancer Res. (UNITED STATES) 55 (18): 4000–3. ISSN 0008-5472. PMID 7664271. 
  16. ^ Schroeder, J A; Thompson M C, Gardner M M, Gendler S J (Apr. 2001). "Transgenic MUC1 interacts with epidermal growth factor receptor and correlates with mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in the mouse mammary gland". J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 276 (16): 13057–64. doi:10.1074/jbc.M011248200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 11278868. 
  17. ^ Blagoev, Blagoy; Kratchmarova Irina, Ong Shao-En, Nielsen Mogens, Foster Leonard J, Mann Matthias (Mar. 2003). "A proteomics strategy to elucidate functional protein-protein interactions applied to EGF signaling". Nat. Biotechnol. (United States) 21 (3): 315–8. doi:10.1038/nbt790. ISSN 1087-0156. PMID 12577067. 
  18. ^ Liu, S K; McGlade C J (Dec. 1998). "Gads is a novel SH2 and SH3 domain-containing adaptor protein that binds to tyrosine-phosphorylated Shc". Oncogene (ENGLAND) 17 (24): 3073–82. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1202337. ISSN 0950-9232. PMID 9872323. 
  19. ^ Oneyama, Chitose; Nakano Hirofumi, Sharma Sreenath V (Mar. 2002). "UCS15A, a novel small molecule, SH3 domain-mediated protein-protein interaction blocking drug". Oncogene (England) 21 (13): 2037–50. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1205271. ISSN 0950-9232. PMID 11960376. 
  20. ^ a b Puil, L; Liu J, Gish G, Mbamalu G, Bowtell D, Pelicci P G, Arlinghaus R, Pawson T (Feb. 1994). "Bcr-Abl oncoproteins bind directly to activators of the Ras signalling pathway". EMBO J. (ENGLAND) 13 (4): 764–73. ISSN 0261-4189. PMC 394874. PMID 8112292. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=394874. 
  21. ^ Robinson, A; Gibbins J, Rodríguez-Liñares B, Finan P M, Wilson L, Kellie S, Findell P, Watson S P (Jul. 1996). "Characterization of Grb2-binding proteins in human platelets activated by Fc gamma RIIA cross-linking". Blood (UNITED STATES) 88 (2): 522–30. ISSN 0006-4971. PMID 8695800. 
  22. ^ Li, N; Batzer A, Daly R, Yajnik V, Skolnik E, Chardin P, Bar-Sagi D, Margolis B, Schlessinger J (May. 1993). "Guanine-nucleotide-releasing factor hSos1 binds to Grb2 and links receptor tyrosine kinases to Ras signalling". Nature (ENGLAND) 363 (6424): 85–8. doi:10.1038/363085a0. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 8479541. 
  23. ^ a b Wong, Andy; Lamothe Betty, Lee Arnold, Schlessinger Joseph, Lax Irit, Li Arnold (May. 2002). "FRS2 alpha attenuates FGF receptor signaling by Grb2-mediated recruitment of the ubiquitin ligase Cbl". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (United States) 99 (10): 6684–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.052138899. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 124463. PMID 11997436. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=124463. 
  24. ^ Reif, K; Buday L, Downward J, Cantrell D A (May. 1994). "SH3 domains of the adapter molecule Grb2 complex with two proteins in T cells: the guanine nucleotide exchange protein Sos and a 75-kDa protein that is a substrate for T cell antigen receptor-activated tyrosine kinases". J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 269 (19): 14081–7. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 8188688. 
  25. ^ D'Angelo, G; Martini J F, Iiri T, Fantl W J, Martial J, Weiner R I (May. 1999). "16K human prolactin inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor-induced activation of Ras in capillary endothelial cells". Mol. Endocrinol. (UNITED STATES) 13 (5): 692–704. doi:10.1210/me.13.5.692. ISSN 0888-8809. PMID 10319320. 
  26. ^ Nel, A E; Gupta S, Lee L, Ledbetter J A, Kanner S B (Aug. 1995). "Ligation of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) induces association of hSos1, ZAP-70, phospholipase C-gamma 1, and other phosphoproteins with Grb2 and the zeta-chain of the TCR". J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 270 (31): 18428–36. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.31.18428. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 7629168. 
  27. ^ a b Buday, L; Egan S E, Rodriguez Viciana P, Cantrell D A, Downward J (Mar. 1994). "A complex of Grb2 adaptor protein, Sos exchange factor, and a 36-kDa membrane-bound tyrosine phosphoprotein is implicated in ras activation in T cells". J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 269 (12): 9019–23. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 7510700. 
  28. ^ a b Tong, X K; Hussain N K, de Heuvel E, Kurakin A, Abi-Jaoude E, Quinn C C, Olson M F, Marais R, Baranes D, Kay B K, McPherson P S (Mar. 2000). "The endocytic protein intersectin is a major binding partner for the Ras exchange factor mSos1 in rat brain". EMBO J. (ENGLAND) 19 (6): 1263–71. doi:10.1093/emboj/19.6.1263. ISSN 0261-4189. PMC 305667. PMID 10716926. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=305667. 
  29. ^ Park, R K; Izadi K D, Deo Y M, Durden D L (Sep. 1999). "Role of Src in the modulation of multiple adaptor proteins in FcalphaRI oxidant signaling". Blood (UNITED STATES) 94 (6): 2112–20. ISSN 0006-4971. PMID 10477741. 
  30. ^ Germani, A; Romero F, Houlard M, Camonis J, Gisselbrecht S, Fischer S, Varin-Blank N (May. 1999). "hSiah2 is a new Vav binding protein which inhibits Vav-mediated signaling pathways". Mol. Cell. Biol. (UNITED STATES) 19 (5): 3798–807. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 84217. PMID 10207103. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=84217. 
  31. ^ a b Park, R K; Erdreich-Epstein A, Liu M, Izadi K D, Durden D L (Dec. 1999). "High affinity IgG receptor activation of Src family kinases is required for modulation of the Shc-Grb2-Sos complex and the downstream activation of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced) oxidase". J. Immunol. (UNITED STATES) 163 (11): 6023–34. ISSN 0022-1767. PMID 10570290. 
  32. ^ Saci, Abdelhafid; Liu Wang-Qing, Vidal Michel, Garbay Christiane, Rendu Francine, Bachelot-Loza Christilla (May. 2002). "Differential effect of the inhibition of Grb2-SH3 interactions in platelet activation induced by thrombin and by Fc receptor engagement". Biochem. J. (England) 363 (Pt 3): 717–25. doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3630717. ISSN 0264-6021. PMC 1222524. PMID 11964172. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1222524. 
  33. ^ Sastry, L; Cao T, King C R (Jan. 1997). "Multiple Grb2-protein complexes in human cancer cells". Int. J. Cancer (UNITED STATES) 70 (2): 208–13. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19970117)70:2<208::AID-IJC12>3.0.CO;2-E. ISSN 0020-7136. PMID 9009162. 
  34. ^ Spivak-Kroizman, T; Mohammadi M, Hu P, Jaye M, Schlessinger J, Lax I (May. 1994). "Point mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor eliminates phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis without affecting neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells". J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 269 (20): 14419–23. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 7514169. 
  35. ^ a b Qian, X; Esteban L, Vass W C, Upadhyaya C, Papageorge A G, Yienger K, Ward J M, Lowy D R, Santos E (Feb. 2000). "The Sos1 and Sos2 Ras-specific exchange factors: differences in placental expression and signaling properties". EMBO J. (ENGLAND) 19 (4): 642–54. doi:10.1093/emboj/19.4.642. ISSN 0261-4189. PMC 305602. PMID 10675333. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=305602. 
  36. ^ Qian, X; Vass W C, Papageorge A G, Anborgh P H, Lowy D R (Feb. 1998). "N terminus of Sos1 Ras exchange factor: critical roles for the Dbl and pleckstrin homology domains". Mol. Cell. Biol. (UNITED STATES) 18 (2): 771–8. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 108788. PMID 9447973. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=108788. 
  37. ^ a b Foehr, E D; Tatavos A, Tanabe E, Raffioni S, Goetz S, Dimarco E, De Luca M, Bradshaw R A (May. 2000). "Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) signaling in PC12 cells: activation of juxtamembrane domains in PDGFR/DDR/TrkA chimeric receptors". FASEB J. (UNITED STATES) 14 (7): 973–81. ISSN 0892-6638. PMID 10783152. 
  38. ^ Kouhara, H; Hadari Y R, Spivak-Kroizman T, Schilling J, Bar-Sagi D, Lax I, Schlessinger J (May. 1997). "A lipid-anchored Grb2-binding protein that links FGF-receptor activation to the Ras/MAPK signaling pathway". Cell (UNITED STATES) 89 (5): 693–702. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80252-4. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 9182757. 
  39. ^ Maru, Y; Peters K L, Afar D E, Shibuya M, Witte O N, Smithgall T E (Feb. 1995). "Tyrosine phosphorylation of BCR by FPS/FES protein-tyrosine kinases induces association of BCR with GRB-2/SOS". Mol. Cell. Biol. (UNITED STATES) 15 (2): 835–42. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 231961. PMID 7529874. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=231961. 
  40. ^ Offenhäuser, Nina; Borgonovo Alessandro, Disanza Andrea, Romano Pascale, Ponzanelli Isabella, Iannolo Gioacchin, Di Fiore Pier Paolo, Scita Giorgio (Jan. 2004). "The eps8 family of proteins links growth factor stimulation to actin reorganization generating functional redundancy in the Ras/Rac pathway". Mol. Biol. Cell (United States) 15 (1): 91–8. doi:10.1091/mbc.E03-06-0427. ISSN 1059-1524. PMC 307530. PMID 14565974. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=307530. 
  41. ^ a b Scita, G; Nordstrom J, Carbone R, Tenca P, Giardina G, Gutkind S, Bjarnegård M, Betsholtz C, Di Fiore P P (Sep. 1999). "EPS8 and E3B1 transduce signals from Ras to Rac". Nature (ENGLAND) 401 (6750): 290–3. doi:10.1038/45822. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 10499589. 
  42. ^ Watanabe, S; Take H, Takeda K, Yu Z X, Iwata N, Kajigaya S (Nov. 2000). "Characterization of the CIN85 adaptor protein and identification of components involved in CIN85 complexes". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (UNITED STATES) 278 (1): 167–74. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.3760. ISSN 0006-291X. PMID 11071869. 
  43. ^ Margarit, S Mariana; Sondermann Holger, Hall Brian E, Nagar Bhushan, Hoelz Andre, Pirruccello Michelle, Bar-Sagi Dafna, Kuriyan John (Mar. 2003). "Structural evidence for feedback activation by Ras.GTP of the Ras-specific nucleotide exchange factor SOS". Cell (United States) 112 (5): 685–95. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00149-1. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 12628188. 
  44. ^ Boriack-Sjodin, P A; Margarit S M, Bar-Sagi D, Kuriyan J (Jul. 1998). "The structural basis of the activation of Ras by Sos". Nature (ENGLAND) 394 (6691): 337–43. doi:10.1038/28548. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 9690470. 

External links

Further reading

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.