SNAP23

Synaptosomal-associated protein, 23kDa

PDB rendering based on 1nhl.
Identifiers
Symbols SNAP23; HsT17016; SNAP-23; SNAP23A; SNAP23B
External IDs OMIM: 602534 MGI: 109356 HomoloGene: 37857 GeneCards: SNAP23 Gene
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species Human Mouse
Entrez 8773 20619
Ensembl ENSG00000092531 ENSMUSG00000027287
UniProt O00161 O09044
RefSeq (mRNA) NM_003825.3 NM_009222
RefSeq (protein) NP_003816.2 NP_033248
Location (UCSC) Chr 15:
42.79 – 42.83 Mb		 Chr 2:
120.39 – 120.43 Mb
PubMed search [1] [2]

Synaptosomal-associated protein 23 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNAP23 gene.[1][2] Two alternative transcript variants encoding different protein isoforms have been described for this gene.

Contents

Function

Specificity of vesicular transport is regulated, in part, by the interaction of a vesicle-associated membrane protein termed synaptobrevin/VAMP with a target compartment membrane protein termed syntaxin. These proteins, together with SNAP25 (synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa), form a complex which serves as a binding site for the general membrane fusion machinery. Synaptobrevin/VAMP and syntaxin are believed to be involved in vesicular transport in most, if not all cells, while SNAP25 is present almost exclusively in the brain, suggesting that a ubiquitously expressed homolog of SNAP25 exists to facilitate transport vesicle/target membrane fusion in other tissues.

SNAP23 is structurally and functionally similar to SNAP25 and binds tightly to multiple syntaxins and synaptobrevins/VAMPs. It is an essential component of the high affinity receptor for the general membrane fusion machinery and is an important regulator of transport vesicle docking and fusion. [3]

Clinical significance

In individuals with insulin resistance, SNAP23 is found to be translocated from the plasma membrane to the cytosol where it becomes associated with lipid droplets and is therefore unable to translocate GLUT-4 to the membrane, hindering glucose transport.

Interactions

SNAP23 has been shown to interact with STX2,[4][5][6][2] NAPA,[7] KIF5B,[8] STX6,[9] SYBL1,[10][11] VAMP2,[4][12][13] Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator,[14] STX4,[4][5][6][12][2][13][15][16] Syntaxin 3,[4][6][2][15] STX1A,[4][5][6][2][15] Vesicle-associated membrane protein 8,[4][12] STX11,[7][17] VAMP3[4][12][16] and SNAPAP.[18]

References

  1. ^ Mollinedo F, Lazo PA (Apr 1997). "Identification of two isoforms of the vesicle-membrane fusion protein SNAP-23 in human neutrophils and HL-60 cells". Biochem Biophys Res Commun 231 (3): 808–12. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.6196. PMID 9070898. 
  2. ^ a b c d e Ravichandran V, Chawla A, Roche PA (Aug 1996). "Identification of a novel syntaxin- and synaptobrevin/VAMP-binding protein, SNAP-23, expressed in non-neuronal tissues". J Biol Chem 271 (23): 13300–3. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.23.13300. PMID 8663154. 
  3. ^ "Entrez Gene: SNAP23 synaptosomal-associated protein, 23kDa". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=8773. 
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Imai, Akane; Nashida Tomoko, Yoshie Sumio, Shimomura Hiromi (Aug. 2003). "Intracellular localisation of SNARE proteins in rat parotid acinar cells: SNARE complexes on the apical plasma membrane". Arch. Oral Biol. (England) 48 (8): 597–604. doi:10.1016/S0003-9969(03)00116-X. ISSN 0003-9969. PMID 12828989. 
  5. ^ a b c Li, Guangmu; Alexander Edward A, Schwartz John H (May. 2003). "Syntaxin isoform specificity in the regulation of renal H+-ATPase exocytosis". J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 278 (22): 19791–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M212250200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 12651853. 
  6. ^ a b c d Araki, S; Tamori Y, Kawanishi M, Shinoda H, Masugi J, Mori H, Niki T, Okazawa H, Kubota T, Kasuga M (May. 1997). "Inhibition of the binding of SNAP-23 to syntaxin 4 by Munc18c". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (UNITED STATES) 234 (1): 257–62. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.6560. ISSN 0006-291X. PMID 9168999. 
  7. ^ a b Rual, Jean-François; Venkatesan Kavitha, Hao Tong, Hirozane-Kishikawa Tomoko, Dricot Amélie, Li Ning, Berriz Gabriel F, Gibbons Francis D, Dreze Matija, Ayivi-Guedehoussou Nono, Klitgord Niels, Simon Christophe, Boxem Mike, Milstein Stuart, Rosenberg Jennifer, Goldberg Debra S, Zhang Lan V, Wong Sharyl L, Franklin Giovanni, Li Siming, Albala Joanna S, Lim Janghoo, Fraughton Carlene, Llamosas Estelle, Cevik Sebiha, Bex Camille, Lamesch Philippe, Sikorski Robert S, Vandenhaute Jean, Zoghbi Huda Y, Smolyar Alex, Bosak Stephanie, Sequerra Reynaldo, Doucette-Stamm Lynn, Cusick Michael E, Hill David E, Roth Frederick P, Vidal Marc (Oct. 2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature (England) 437 (7062): 1173–8. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514. 
  8. ^ Diefenbach, Russell J; Diefenbach Eve, Douglas Mark W, Cunningham Anthony L (Dec. 2002). "The heavy chain of conventional kinesin interacts with the SNARE proteins SNAP25 and SNAP23". Biochemistry (United States) 41 (50): 14906–15. doi:10.1021/bi026417u. ISSN 0006-2960. PMID 12475239. 
  9. ^ Martín-Martín, B; Nabokina S M, Blasi J, Lazo P A, Mollinedo F (Oct. 2000). "Involvement of SNAP-23 and syntaxin 6 in human neutrophil exocytosis". Blood (UNITED STATES) 96 (7): 2574–83. ISSN 0006-4971. PMID 11001914. 
  10. ^ Martinez-Arca, Sonia; Rudge Rachel, Vacca Marcella, Raposo Graça, Camonis Jacques, Proux-Gillardeaux Véronique, Daviet Laurent, Formstecher Etienne, Hamburger Alexandre, Filippini Francesco, D'Esposito Maurizio, Galli Thierry (Jul. 2003). "A dual mechanism controlling the localization and function of exocytic v-SNAREs". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (United States) 100 (15): 9011–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.1431910100. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 166429. PMID 12853575. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=166429. 
  11. ^ Galli, T; Zahraoui A, Vaidyanathan V V, Raposo G, Tian J M, Karin M, Niemann H, Louvard D (Jun. 1998). "A Novel Tetanus Neurotoxin-insensitive Vesicle-associated Membrane Protein in SNARE Complexes of the Apical Plasma Membrane of Epithelial Cells". Mol. Biol. Cell (UNITED STATES) 9 (6): 1437–48. ISSN 1059-1524. PMC 25366. PMID 9614185. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=25366. 
  12. ^ a b c d Paumet, F; Le Mao J, Martin S, Galli T, David B, Blank U, Roa M (Jun. 2000). "Soluble NSF attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) in RBL-2H3 mast cells: functional role of syntaxin 4 in exocytosis and identification of a vesicle-associated membrane protein 8-containing secretory compartment". J. Immunol. (UNITED STATES) 164 (11): 5850–7. ISSN 0022-1767. PMID 10820264. 
  13. ^ a b Kawanishi, M; Tamori Y, Okazawa H, Araki S, Shinoda H, Kasuga M (Mar. 2000). "Role of SNAP23 in insulin-induced translocation of GLUT4 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mediation of complex formation between syntaxin4 and VAMP2". J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 275 (11): 8240–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.11.8240. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 10713150. 
  14. ^ Cormet-Boyaka, Estelle; Di Anke, Chang Steven Y, Naren Anjaparavanda P, Tousson Albert, Nelson Deborah J, Kirk Kevin L (Sep. 2002). "CFTR chloride channels are regulated by a SNAP-23/syntaxin 1A complex". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (United States) 99 (19): 12477–82. doi:10.1073/pnas.192203899. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 129470. PMID 12209004. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=129470. 
  15. ^ a b c Steegmaier, M; Yang B, Yoo J S, Huang B, Shen M, Yu S, Luo Y, Scheller R H (Dec. 1998). "Three novel proteins of the syntaxin/SNAP-25 family". J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 273 (51): 34171–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.51.34171. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 9852078. 
  16. ^ a b Freedman, Steven J; Song Hyun Kyu, Xu Yingwu, Sun Zhen-Yu J, Eck Michael J (Apr. 2003). "Homotetrameric structure of the SNAP-23 N-terminal coiled-coil domain". J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 278 (15): 13462–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M210483200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 12556468. 
  17. ^ Valdez, A C; Cabaniols J P, Brown M J, Roche P A (Mar. 1999). "Syntaxin 11 is associated with SNAP-23 on late endosomes and the trans-Golgi network". J. Cell. Sci. (ENGLAND) 112 ( Pt 6): 845–54. ISSN 0021-9533. PMID 10036234. 
  18. ^ Buxton, Penelope; Zhang Xiang-Ming, Walsh Bong, Sriratana Absorn, Schenberg Irina, Manickam Elizabeth, Rowe Tony (Oct. 2003). "Identification and characterization of Snapin as a ubiquitously expressed SNARE-binding protein that interacts with SNAP23 in non-neuronal cells". Biochem. J. (England) 375 (Pt 2): 433–40. doi:10.1042/BJ20030427. PMC 1223698. PMID 12877659. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1223698. 

Further reading