Nitrosylation is a protein modification in which a nitrosyl group is post-translationally added to a protein.
There is a range of enzymes that produce nitric oxide, and the frequent consequence of this production is nitrosylation.
S-nitrosylation is an important biological reaction of nitric oxide; it refers to the conversion of thiol groups, including cysteine residues in proteins, to form S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs). S-Nitrosylation is a mechanism for dynamic, post-translational regulation of most or all major classes of protein.
Nitrosylation is independent of enzyme catalysis, labile modification, on/off switch-like photophosphorylation. Denitrosylation can be enzymatic or non-enzymatic. Denitros(yl)ation of S-nitrosogluthatione is catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase class III isoenzyme.[1], while thioredoxin catalyzes the denitros(yl)ation of a number of S-nitroisoproteins[2][3][4]