The Roman chair is a piece of exercise equipment. The equipment is mainly used for the lower back, but can also target the gluteal muscles and the abdominals. How the equipment is defined, and what the 'Roman chair exercise' is specifically, is an issue that is not clear.
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Various different exercises have been called "Roman chair". The most common or earliest historical meaning for the movement is not clear. The bodyweight can provide significant challenge in all variations, and additional weight can be added to increase difficulty.
One type of exercise done on a Roman chair is a type of lower-back hyperextension performed to strengthen the lower back, especially the erector spinae. This is accomplished by the chair holding a person in place laying supine as they bend at the waist and then extends their body upward.
It is characterized by the two right angles formed by the body, one at the hips and one at the knees. The person enters into the 'chair', with the pad supporting the front of your upper thighs and locking the lower leg (typically at the ankle or heel) and bend forward at the waist. As you bend forward, your upper body will become closer to the ground. When you have bent as far as comfortable, use the muscles of your lower back to straighten your body, extending your upper body upwards. Many people at this point extend to the point of a hyperextension curving their backs beyond typical straightness. Great care must be used during this exercise as the lower back can easily be injured.
The roman chair is also used to perform exercises for the abdomen. An exerciser lies supine with their hips supported on the rear (weight on the gluteus maximus) as they bent backwards and lift themselves up with their rectus abdominis while stabilizing the pelvis with the hip flexors. If the pelvis moves during the exercise then the hip flexors will also by dynamic prime movers.[1]
The power tower is a piece of equipment including a "captain's chair" that is sometimes called a roman chair. It is used to perform leg and leg-hip raise exercises.
An exercise more commonly referred to as the wall sit, an isometric movement to build strength in the quadriceps, may also be referred to as the Roman chair.[2] It involves a person with their back against the wall, pushing into it using the action of knee extension. Even though it is called a "sit", the hips are actually not being held up by sitting on something. Rather, the body is held up via a combination of weight borne on the feet and friction created with the wall by exerting pressure against it.
Another exercise called the "Romain chair squat" requires using the quadriceps dynamically. It similarly mimics a sitting motion without actually sitting down on something, and can be done on an apparatus similar to the aforementioned spinal exercises.[3] This is very similar to a "sissy squat".