Glossary of German military terms

This is a list of words, terms, concepts, and slogans that were have been or are used by the German military. Ranks and translations of nicknames for vehicles are included. Also included are some general terms from the German language found frequently in military jargon. Some terms are from the general German cultural background, others are given to show a change that was made before or after the Nazi era. Some factories that were the primary producers of military equipment, especially tanks, are also given.

Contents
Wehrmacht military ranks   Operation code names   A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z External links   See also   References

Glossary

A

• A-Stand — forward defensive gunner's position on aircraft.
• abgeschossen — shot down; destroyed by means of firing.
• Abschnitt — sector, district.
• Abteilung (Abt.) — a battalion-sized unit of armor, artillery or cavalry; in other contexts a detachment or section.
  • Abteilungsarzt — battalion physician
  • Abteilungschef — battalion commander in artillery and cavalry formations
  • Abteilungsführer — substitute battalion commander in artillery and cavalry formations
  • Abteilungsveterinär — battalion veterinarian
• Abwehr — "defense"; as a shortening of Spionage Abwehr (spy defense) the term referred to the counter-espionage service (German Secret Service) of the German High Command, headed by Admiral Canaris. Also an element in such compounds as Fliegerabwehr-Kanone "anti-aircraft gun."
• Abzeichen — insignia; badge of rank, appointment or distinction.
• Adlerangriff — "Eagle Attack"; term for projected "decisive attack" by the Luftwaffe on RAF Fighter Command.
• Aggregat 4 (A4) — original name of the German V2 rocket.
• AGRU-Front — Technische Ausbildungsgruppe für Front U-Boote – technical training group for front-line U-boats.
• AK — Alle Kraft (voraus), naval command for flank speed. Also "Äusserste Kraft!"
• Aal — "eel"; slang for torpedo.
• "Alarm!" — U-boat order to activate the alarm and begin a crash dive. Also "Fire!", "Air raid!" for Luftwaffe fighter pilots, etc.
• Alarmtauchen — crash dive.
• "Alle Maschinen stop!" — naval command: "Stop all engines".
• "Alle Mann von Bord!" — naval command; "All hands, abandon ship!"
• Allgemeine SS — "General SS", general main body of the Schutzstaffel made up of the full-time administrative, security, intelligence and police branches of the SS as well as the broader part-time membership which turned out for parades, rallies and "street actions" such as Kristallnacht; also comprised reserve and honorary members.
• Alte Hasen — "Old hares"; slang for military veterans who survived front-line hardships.
• Amerika Bomber - A spring 1942 aviation contract competition for a Luftwaffe trans-oceanic range strategic bomber, only resulting in a few completed prototype aircraft from two firms, and many advanced designs that mostly remained on paper.
• Ami — German slang for an American soldier.
• Ärmelband — cuff title. Worn on the left sleeve, the title contains the name of the wearer's unit or a campaign they are part of. Cuff titles are still used in the German Army and Luftwaffe.
• Amt — office, main office branch.
• Amt Mil — German Army intelligence organization which succeeded the Abwehr.
• Angriff — attack.
• Angriffsmuster — attack pattern.
• Angriffsziel — attack objective.
• Armee — army, typically a numbered army.
• Armeeabteilung — command between a corps and an army, an enlarged corps headquarters.
• Armeekorps — infantry corps.
• Armee-Nachrichten-Führer — Army Signals Officer, served on the staff HQ of an Army.
• Armeeoberkommando — Field Army Command.
• Armee-Pionier-Führer — Army Engineer Officer, served on the staff HQ of an Army.
• Armee-Sanitäts-Abteilung — Army medical unit.
• Artillerie — artillery.
• Atomwaffe — nuclear weapon.
• Atomkrieg — nuclear war.
• ausgefallen — Statement that equipment is down, has failed, is out of action.
• aufgelöst — "dissolved"; disbanded, written off the order of battle.
• Aufklärung — reconnaissance.
• Aufklärungs-Abteilung — reconnaissance unit or battalion, also used to designate certain battalion-sized units.
• "Auftauchen!" — "surface the boat".
• Auftragstaktik — mission-type tactics, the central component of German warfare since the 19th Century
• Aus der Traum — literally, "The dream is over"; a slogan painted by German soldiers near the end of the war expressing the surreality of their situation.
• Ausführung (Ausf.) — version, model, variant, batch, for non-aviation related vehicles and ordnance.
• Ausführung!/Ausführen! — command to execute a given order
• Ausrüstung — equipement
• Ausschreitungen — bloody atrocities (see Greuelerzählungen).
• Auszeichnung — medal, accolade, distinction.

B

• B-Stand — Dorsal (top of fuselage) defensive gunner's position on aircraft.
• Backbord — Port side of a ship.
• Balkenkreuz — equal-armed black cross flanked in white, the emblem used on German Empire and Third Reich military aircraft and vehicles from March/April 1918 until V-E Day
• Banditen — bandits, partisans in occupied territories in World War II; bewaffnete Banden — armed gangs; Soldaten in Zivilkleidung — soldiers in civilian dress; (see Franktireure).
• Bandengebiet — territory controlled by partisan squads in occupied territories during World War II.
• Bataillon — battalion
  • Bataillonsadjutant - battalion adjutant
  • Bataillonsarzt — battalion physician
  • Bataillonsführer — substitute battalion commander
  • Bataillonskommandeur — battalion commander
  • Batallionsveterinär — battalion veterinarian
• Batterie — battery, artillery piece; also used for an electrical battery.
  • Batteriechef — battery commander
  • Batterieführer — substitute battery commander
  • Batterieoffizier — Gun Position Officer
• Baubelehrung — vessel familiarization; when a boat or ship crew studied the construction of a new vessel; see "KLA."
• Baubeschreibung — General arrangement drawing sheet, giving basic dimensions and other measurement & physical parameters (materials, dihedral angles, etc.), of either German front line, or Beute, or "captured" Allied aircraft, in World War I.
• Baupionier — army construction engineer.
• B-Dienst — Beobachtungsdienst, literally, "observation service"; German Navy cryptanalytical department.
• BDM Bund Deutscher Mädel — League of German Girls, the girls' segment of the Hitler Youth.
• BdU — Befehlshaber der U-Boote – Commander-in-Chief of the U-boats (Admiral Karl Dönitz); see FdU.
• Befehl (pl. Befehle) — order, command. "Zu Befehl!" was an affirmative phrase on par with "Jawohl".
• Befehlshaber — commander-in-chief; lit. "one who has (the power to issue) commands." Sometimes also used to refer to the headquarters of a C-in-C as an alternative to Hauptquartier.
• Benzin — gasoline, petrol.
• Benzintank — fuel tank.
• Beobachter — artillery or air observer
• Beobachtungsoffizier — Artillery observer
• Beobachtungswagen — observation or reconnaissance vehicle.
• Bereitschaft — readiness.
• Bergepanzer — armoured recovery vehicle.
• Betriebstoff — fuel
• Beschlagschmied — blacksmith; see Hufbeschlagschmied.
• Beutepanzer — captured tank or armoured vehicle.
• Bewährungseinheit — probationary unit
• BK — Bordkanone. heavy-calibre (usually over 30 mm) cannon for offensive use on aircraft.
• Blechkoller — "tin fright"; in U-boats, a form of nervous tension that could be caused by depth charge attacks and resulted in violence or hysteria.
• Blechkrawatte — "tin necktie," slang for the Knight's Cross
• Blitzkrieg — "lightning war"; not a widely used German military term, this word became popular in the Allied press and initially referred to fast-moving battle tactics developed principally by German military theorists, most notably Erwin Rommel, Heinz Guderian, and Erich von Manstein, using massed tanks and ground-attack bombers to speedily penetrate enemy lines at points and move to their rear, causing confusion and panic among enemy forces.
• Bola — contraction of Bodenlafette, a lightly armoured casemate-style of bulged ventral defensive gunner's position, using only flexible (unturreted) weapon mounts, a common fitment on German bomber aircraft designs, usually under the nose.
• Bomber B - the abortive aviation contract competition meant to replace all previous Luftwaffe medium bombers with a single design, meant to be used for all but the longest-range missions, and function as a combination of medium and heavy bomber.
• Brotbeutel — haversack
• Brücke — bridge. Can mean either the road structure or a ship's command center, also the supporting framework that existed below the bird-like monoplane wings of the earlier examples of the Etrich Taube before World War I.
• Brückenleger — bridgelayer.
• Brummbär — "grumbling bear"; a children's word for "bear" in German. It was the nickname for a heavy mobile artillery piece.
• Bundes — federal.
• Bundeswehr — "Federal Defense Force", name adopted for the West German armed forces after the fall of the Third Reich. (Between 1945 and 1955 there was no German army.) The Bundeswehr consists of the Heer (Army), Luftwaffe (Air Force) and Marine (Navy), as well as (since the late 1990s) the Streitkräftebasis (Joint Service Support Command) and Zentraler Sanitätsdienst (Central Medical Service).
• Bürger — citizen.
• Bürgerkrieg — civil war.

C

• C-Stand — Ventral (underside of fuselage) defensive gunner's position on aircraft.
• Chef — commander of a unit or sub-unit, e.g. Regimentschef. A substitute in case of absence would be referred to as Regimentsführer etc.
• Chef des Generalstabes — Chief of the General Staff.

D

• Daimler-Benz (DB) — A producer of military vehicles, and engines to power both German aircraft and surface vehicles.
• Deutsches Afrikakorps (DAK) — German troops sent to North Africa under the command of Erwin Rommel to prevent the loss of Libya to the British by the Italians. The term is properly used to refer to Rommel's original force of two divisions that landed in Libya on February 14, 1941 (which stayed as a distinct formation for the remainder of the North African Campaign), but is often used to describe all German forces that operated in North Africa, eventually consisting of several divisions and corps and formed into an entire Panzer Army.
• Dienst — service.
• Division — in the army and air force a military formation, in the navy either a sub-unit of a squadron or trainings units of battalion size
  • Divisionsarzt — Medical officer of a division
  • Divisionskommandeur — General officer commanding a division
• Dienstdolch — service dagger (uniform dagger).
• Drahtverhau — barbed-wire entanglement. Slang term used by German soldiers during World Wars I and II for a military-issue mixture of dried vegetables.
• Drang nach Osten — "Push to the East", Germany's ambitions for territorial expansion into Eastern Europe.
• Düppel — German code name for radar chaff, used by the Royal Air Force as Window, possibly from düpieren (to dupe). or from a suburb of Berlin of the same name, where it was allegedly first found near.

E

• Eagle's Nest — English name given to Hitler's mountain-top summerhouse at Berchtesgaden in the Bavarian Alps, not far from the Berghof. In German, it is known as the Kehlsteinhaus. Hitler, however, only visited the property ten times and each visit was under 30 minutes.
• EGz.b. V. — Einsatzgruppe zur besonderen Verwendung – SS Special Purpose Operational Group.
• Ehrendolch — literally, "honor dagger", a presentation dagger awarded for individual recognition, especially by the SS.
• Eichenlaubträger — holder of Oak Leaves to the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.
• Eid — oath. The current oath when joining the Bundeswehr is "Ich gelobe, der Bundesrepublik Deutschland treu zu dienen, und das Recht und die Freiheit des deutschen Volkes tapfer zu verteidigen" ("I pledge to faithfully serve the Federal Republic of Germany and to bravely defend the right [law] and the freedom of the German people"). For soldiers joining for an extended period of time beyond the mandatory conscription of nine months, "so wahr mir Gott helfe" ("so help me God") is optionally added.
• Einfall — invasion.
• Eingeschlossen — encirclement, surrounded, cut off.
• Einheit — detachment or unit.
• Einheitsfeldmütze - standard field cap
• Einsatz — duty, mission, deployment, action.
• Einsatzbereit — statement meaning, "Ready for action."
• Einsatzgruppen — "mission groups", or "task forces". Einsatzgruppen were battalion-sized, mobile killing units made up of SiPo, SD or SS Special Action Groups under the command of the RSHA. They followed the Wehrmacht into occupied territories of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. These units were supported by units of the uniformed German Order Police (Orpo) and auxiliaries of volunteers (Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian, and Ukrainian). Their victims, primarily Jews, were executed by shooting and were buried in mass graves from which they were later exhumed and burned. At least a million Jews were killed in this manner. There were four Einsatzgruppen (A, B, C, D), which were subdivided into company-sized Einsatzkommandos.
• Einsatzkommando — company-sized subunits of the Einsatzgruppen which took care of the mobilization and killing of Jews, Communists and others during the German invasion into the Soviet Union.
• Einwohner — resident, inhabitant.
• Eisenbahn — "iron road"; railroad.
• Eisernes Kreuz — "iron cross"; medal awarded for valorous service, and the German national military insignia from 1910 to the beginning of spring 1918, and once again from 1955 (with the establishment of the Bundeswehr) to today.
• Elefant — "Elephant"; a heavy Panzerjäger (tank hunter or tank destroyer) built on the chassis of Porsche's unsuccessful prototypes for the Tiger tank, and mounting the 88mm L/71 PaK 43.
• Elektra — a German radio-navigational system.
• Endlösung or Endziel — the "Final Solution"; refers to the genocide planned against the Jewish people.
• Endsieg — final victory.
• Enigma — German message encryption equipment.
• Ententeich — duck pont, maritime manoeuvre to create an area of calm sea in order to lower boats into the water or land aircraft
• Entmenscht — dehumanized (see Untermenschen).
• Entscheidender Sieg — decisive victory.
• Erobert — conquered.
• Erkennungsmarke — identity tag; "dog tag".
• Erprobungsstelle — test centre
• Ersatz — substitute, replacement, reserves; could refer to replacement troops or any substance used in place of another (e.g., ersatz coffee, ersatz rubber, etc.).
• Ersatzbataillone or Marschbataillone — coherent military replacement groups.
• Etappendienst — German naval intelligence department.
• Etappenschwein — (slang) "rear swine" (REMF).
• Exerzierpanzer — practice or exercise tank.

F

• Fahne (pl. Fahnen) — flag or banner.
• Fahnenschmied — farrier NCO
• Fahnenflucht — desertion
• Fähnrich zur See — lowest naval officer rank, equivalent to Cadet or Ensign (literal meaning, "naval ensign-bearer")
• Fallschirmjäger — paratroopers; German airborne troops.
• FdU — Führer der U-Boote; Commander-in-Chief of U-boats (used from World War I to 1939, when the title was reduced to "Regional Commander").
• Feigling — coward.
• Feind — enemy. "Feindlich-" is used as an adjective, such as "feindliche Truppen" (enemy troops) or "feindliche Stellung" (enemy position).
• Feindfahrt — "enemy trip"; in U-boat terminology, a war cruise or combat patrol against the enemy.
• Feindbild — "enemy image"; prejudiced 'bogeyman' image of the enemy.
• Feld — field.
• Feldersatzbatallion — field replacement battalion, usually one per infantry division
• Feldflasche — canteen
• Feldflieger Abteilung — "field airmen's section", abbreviated as "FFA". The earliest form of Luftstreitkräfte military flying unit in World War I, first formed in 1914 with six two-seater observation aircraft per unit.
• Feldgendarmerie — Field Gendarmerie or "Field Police", the military police units of the Wehrmacht.
• Feldgrau — "field gray"; term used to describe the color of the ordinary German soldier's tunic – by extension the soldiers themselves.
• Feldjäger — military police detachments formed late in the war to root out deserters; later the name was applied to all military police units of the postwar Bundeswehr.
• Feldkoch — cook
• Feldlazarett — field hospital.
• Feldpolizeibeamter — field police officer
• Feldpost, Feldpostbrief — mail to and from troops at the front.
• Feldwebel — non-commissioned rank in the Heer and Luftwaffe, the most junior of the "Unteroffiziere mit Portepee" (senior NCO) ranks. Approximately equal to staff sergeant.
• Feldzug — military campaign
• Fernglas — binoculars; literally "remote glass"..
• Fernmelde- — telecommunication
• Feldpost — field post
• Fernsprech- — telephone
• Festung — fortress.
• "Feuer auf mein Kommando" — "fire on my command".
• "Feuer Frei" — "fire at will".
• Feuerschutz — suppressive fire, covering fire.
• Feuerwerker — ordnance NCO
• FlaK — Fliegerabwehrkanone, Flug(zeug)abwehrkanone – air defense gun; anti-aircraft artillery (AAA) (e.g., the "eighty-eight").
• FlaK-Helfer — "FlaK helper"; often underaged auxiliaries used to load and operate FlaK batteries and man searchlight batteries.
• Flakpanzer — armoured self-propelled antiaircraft gun, such as the Möbelwagen.
• Flammpanzer — flame-throwing tank.
• Flammenwerfer — flame-thrower.
• Fliegerabwehr-Abteilung — anti-aircraft battalion.
• Fliegerabwehrkanone — see FlaK.
• Fliegerdivision - lit. Flight division.
• Fliegerkorps - lit. Flight corps
• Fliegerschwert — airman's sword (part of an officer's regalia).
• Flotte — naval fleet.
• Flucht nach vorn — "flight to the front"; trying to assault rather than wait or retreat while under threat.
• Flüchtlingslager — refugee camp.
• Flugzeug — aircraft.
• Flug(zeug)abwehrkanone — see FlaK.
• Flugzeugträger — aircraft carrier.
• Fluten — U-boat order; "Flood the tanks!"
• Forschungsamt — intelligence service of the Luftwaffe.
• Frachter — freighter.
• Franktireure — terrorists; (see Freischärler).
• Franktireurkrieg — terrorist warfare.
• Fregattenkapitän — Naval rank, literally meaning "Frigate Captain", in between Korvettenkapitän and Kapitän zur See. Commanded a light cruiser, or served as the executive officer on a capital ship, hence often translated as Commander
• Freikorps — volunteer corps; (see Freiwillige).
• Freischärler — irregular or guerrilla (see Widerstandskräfte).
• Freischärlerunwesen — "pestering by guerrillas"; guerrilla activities or terrorist incidents.
• Freiwillige — volunteer.
• Fremde Heere Ost/West (FHO/FHW) — Foreign Armies East/West, staff intelligence specialist on the subject.
• Frieden — peace.
• Fritz-X — The Luftwaffe's radio-controlled glide bomb, precursor to today's "smart weapons" or PGM's.
• Fronterlebnis — front experience.
• Frontgemeinschaft — front-line comradeship or community; group of front-line combat soldiers.
• Frontkämpfer — front line soldier.
• Frontschwein — soldier serving long at the front.
• Der Führer — "The Leader"; title used by Adolf Hitler: Mein Führer, Der Führer.
• Führerbunker — (literally meaning "shelter [for the] leader" or "[the] Führer's shelter") was located about 8.2 metres beneath the garden of the old Reich Chancellery building at Wilhelmstraße 77, and about 120 metres north of Hitler's New Reich Chancellery building in Berlin. This underground bunker was Hitler's last FHQ and where he and his wife Eva Braun ended their lives on 30 April 1945.
• Führerhauptquartiere (FHQ), a number of official headquarters especially constructed in order to be used by the Führer.
• Führersonderzug, a special train built for and used by the Führer.
• Führer — in the army a substitute commander of a unit or sub-unit in absence of the regular commander (see 'Chef'); in the navy a flag officer (e.g. Führer der Uboote)
• SS-Führungshauptamt — SS Leadership Head Office, the administrative headquarters of the Waffen-SS.
• Funke — 1) radio [die Funke, f., slang abbreviation for Funkgerät]; 2) spark [der Funke, m.]; the literal (pre-radio) meaning of the word.
• Funker — radio operator (from funken [verb], to transmit by radio).
• Funkgerät (prefix: FuG) — generic term for radio and airborne IFF, RDF and airborne and some ground based Radar equipment.
• Funkmessbeobachtungsgerät (FuMB) — radar detector.
• Füsilier — historic term often used to refer to light infantry, originally named after the fusil, or musket, such troops once carried. During World War II, a name given to infantry formations with some reconnaissance abilities that replaced an infantry division's reconnaissance battalion mid-war when the Germans reduced the number of standard infantry battalions in their divisions from 9 to 6.
• Futtermeister — Quartermaster responsible for fodder
• Freya radar — first operational radar with the Kriegsmarine.

G

• Gabelschwanzteufel — P-38 Lightning "Fork Tailed Devil".
• Gasmaske — gas mask
  • Gasmaskenbehälter — gas mask container
• Gaspistole — starting pistol; a gun that fires blanks.
• Gauleiter — supreme territorial or regional Nazi party authority(-ies).
• Gebirgsjäger — mountain troops; a mountain "unit", might be described as either Gebirgs or Gebirgsjäger.
• Gebirgstruppe — mountain troops
• gefallen — fallen, killed in action
• Gefecht — combat, action
• Gefechtsgepäck — infantry assault pack
• Gefechtsstand — command post.
• Gefechtsstationen — naval term, "battle stations" or (more literally) "combat stations".
• Gefreiter — enlisted rank, senior to privates but not considered an NCO.
• Gegenangriff — counterattack.
• Gegenoffensive — counter-offensive.
• geheim — secret.
• Geheime Feldpolizei (GFP) — Secret Field Police. It was Germany's secret military police that was organised by the German high command (OKW) in July 1939 to serve with the Wehrmacht. It was mainly designed to carry out security work in the field, as the executive agent of the Abwehr.
• Geheimfernschreiber — (literally, "secret distance writer") cipher machine.
• Geleit — escort.
• Geleitschutz — convoy.
• Gemeindepolizei — local police.
• Gemeinschaft — community.
• Generalfeldmarschall — Field Marshal.
• Generalkommando — the headquarters of an army corps.
• Generalstab des Heeres (Gen. St.d. H.) — German Army General Staff.
• gepanzert — armoured.
• Geschütz — cannon, gun.
• Geschützführer — gun captain / commander / layer.

• Geschwader — literally "squadron", in World War II Luftwaffe usage, the same as a USAAF aviation wing of World War II. Equivalent to the French escadre or Italian squadriglia. In English, the translation varies. In naval usage, it has the same meaning as an English squadron. In German Luftstreitkräfte and Luftwaffe usage:
  • World War I Luftstreitkräfte : A unit of four fighter Staffeln, as in JG I, the famous "Flying Circus", initially led by Manfred von Richthofen. Also used for so-named "Kagohl" and "Bogohl" bomber units of a similar size, under direct command of the German Empire's Oberste Heeresleitung Army command office in World War I.
  • World War II Luftwaffe: 1 Geschwader was divided in 3 Gruppen of 3 (or rarely 4) Staffeln each. (Staffel of 9-12 aeroplanes). It was a unit equivalent to a British Commonwealth air force group, a US wing or a Soviet air regiment.
  • Bundeswehr Luftwaffe: 1 Geschwader is divided in a Technical Gruppe (de:Technische Gruppe), a Flying Gruppe (de: Fliegende Gruppe) and 2-3 Squadrons (de:Staffeln). It is a unit equivalent to a British Commonwealth air force wing or a US group.

• Geschwaderkennung — the two-character alphanumeric identification code used by a non-day-fighter Geschwader for unit identification, that appeared to the left of the fuselage Balkenkreuz on most World War II Luftwaffe aircraft.
• Gestapo — Geheime Staatspolizei – Secret State Police. Originally the Prussia secret state police and later (as part of the SiPo then merged into the RSHA) the official secret police force of Nazi Germany. Gestapo was derived as follows: Geheime Staatspolizei.
• Gewehr — rifle, such as the Gewehr 43.
• Gift — poison; giftig: poisonous, toxic.
• Gleichschaltung — "coordination", coordination of everything into Nazi ideals.
• Gliederung — table of organisation
• Goldfasan (Golden pheasant) — derogatory slang term for high-ranking Nazi Party members. Derived from the brown-and-red uniforms similar to the colors of male pheasants and the perceived behaviour of high-ranking party officials living in peace and luxury at home.
• Gothic Line — German defense line in Italy, north of Florence.
• Grabenkrieg — trench warfare.
• Granate — grenade, used not only for hand grenades (Handgranate) but also for other explosive ordnance such as mortar (Werfgranate) and armor-piercing (Panzergranate) shells.
• Granatwerfer — mortar.
• Grenadier — traditional term for heavy infantry, adopted during World War II from mid-war onward as a morale-building honorific often indicative of low-grade formations.
• Grenze — border.
• Grenzschutz — border patrol.
• Greuelerzählungen — numerous atrocities.
• Gröfaz — German soldiers' derogatory acronym for Größter Feldherr aller Zeiten, a title initially publicized by Nazi propaganda to refer to Adolf Hitler during the early war years; literally, the "Greatest Field Commander of all Time".
• Grundausbildung (abbr. Grundi)^[1] — basic training
• Gruppe — In the army it is the equivalent to a squad, a Luftwaffe gruppe was equivalent to a US/French group or a British Commonwealth wing.
• Gruppenführer - squad leader, also a Nazi party rank
• Gruppenhorchgerät (GHG) — hydrophone array.
• Gruppenstab — command staff.
• Gustav Line — German defense line in Italy, centered on the monastery of Monte Cassino.
• GvD — Gefreiter vom Dienst — soldier who is the runner of CQ

H

• Hafen — harbor. "Flughafen" is airport.
• Hakenkreuz — (literally, "hooked cross") the version of the swastika used by the Nazi Party.
• "Halbe Fahrt!" — Naval command calling for half-speed. "Halbe Fahrt voraus" is "half-speed ahead" and "Halbe Fahrt zurück" is "half-speed reverse".
• Halsschmerzen — "sore throat" or "itchy neck;" used of a reckless or glory-seeking commander, implying an obsession with winning the Knight's Cross
• Halt — Stop! Freeze!
• Handelsmarine — German merchant marine.
• Hannoversche Maschinenbau AG (Hanomag) – producer of military vehicles, principally the SdKfz 251 medium-armoured halftrack.
• "Hart..." — Naval command calling for a sharp turn. "Hart Backbord" is "hard-a-port" and "Hart Steuerbord" is "hard-a-starboard".
• Härteübung — hardiness training.
• Haubitze — howitzer.
• Hauptamt Sicherheitspolizei (HA-SiPo) — Security Police headquarters.
• Hauptbahnhof - central station.
• Hauptfeldwebel - company first major
• Hauptkampflinie (HKL) — literally main combat line, official term for "front" until the end of World War II
• Hauptmann — army captain.
• Hauptquartiere (HQ) — headquarters.
• Hauptstadt — capital city.
• Hauptwachtmeister - company first sergeant in artillery and cavalry units.
• Heckenschützen — terrorist-snipers.
• Heckstand — tail gun defensive position on aircraft.
• Heer — regular German Army. Can also be used for any national army.
• Heeresgruppenkommando (HGr.Kdo) — Army Group Command.
• Heimat — home, homeland.
• Heimatkurs — the way home. Literally "homeland course".
• Heimatschuß — "homeland shot"; a wound not severe enough to be permanently disabling, but of sufficient severity to require evacuation from the battlefront. The German soldier's equivalent of the American G.I.'s "million-dollar wound" or the British soldier's "Blighty wound."
• Heldenklau — "stealing" or "snatching of heroes"; slang term used to denote the practice of commandeering rear-echelon personnel for front-line service.
• Henschel — firm responsible for many German World War II weapons systems for both the Wehrmacht Heer and the Luftwaffe, especially the heavy Tiger I and Tiger II tanks and the Henschel Hs 293 guided anti-ship missile.
• "Herr..." — In past and modern German military protocol, "Herr" ("mister") is said before ranks when someone is addressing a person of higher rank. For example, a lieutenant ("Leutnant") would address his captain as "Herr Hauptmann" ("Mr. Captain"). Superior officer address subordinates with "Herr" and their last name or simply their rank, but not adding "Herr" to the rank.
• Hetzer — agitators, also the unofficial name of a certain late-war model of German tank destroyer.
• Hilfswillige (Hiwis) — German Army volunteer forces usually made up of Soviet volunteers serving in non-combat capacities.
• Himmelfahrtskommando — literally, "trip to heaven mission", a suicide mission.
• Hinterhalt — ambush.
• Hitler-Jugend (HJ) — Hitler Youth. The German youth organization founded by the Nazi Party (NSDAP). Made up of the Hitlerjugend proper, for male youth ages 14–18; the younger boys' section "Deutsches Jungvolk" for ages 10–14; and the girls' section "Bund Deutscher Mädel" (BDM).
• Hitlersäge — "Hitler saw", nickname of the MG42 machine gun
• HJ-Fahrtenmesser — common dagger specially designed for the Hitler Jugend
• Höckerhindernisse — anti-tank obstacles often referred to as "Dragon's Teeth".
• Hoheitsabzeichen — national insignia e.g. on a tank or aircraft.
• Hohentwiel — FuG 200 UHF-band (500 MHz) maritime patrol airborne radar gear.
• Hubschrauber — helicopter.
• Hufbeschlagschmied, farrier.
• Hummel — "bumble-bee"; nickname for a piece of mobile artillery.
• Hundehütte — literally, "dog house", punishment hut.

I

• Indianer — Indians. Luftwaffe slang for an enemy fighter (from the game of cowboys and Indians.)
• Infanterie — infantry.
• Iststärke — actual strength (compared to Soll-Stärke)
• Iwan — German slang for a Soviet soldier (similar to "Jerry" or "Kraut", the British and American slang terms for Germans).

J

• Jabo (Jagdbomber) — fighter-bomber.
• Jagdgeschwader (JG) — single-engine fighter wing/group, literally hunting squadron.
• Jagdpanzer — "hunting tank"; armoured casemate-style self-propelled tank destroyer.
• Jagd-Kommando — "hunting commando"; generally refers to a commando outfit that remained behind enemy lines when an area was overrun and would carry out sabotage and other guerrilla actions. These units did not generally operate as such and were later taken over by the SS and used as frontline combat troops in 1944-1945.
• Jäger — [1] light infantry; used alone or as part of a specialty such as Gebirgsjäger or Fallschirmjäger. [2] Fighter Airplane. The root Jagd- is also used in its literal meaning of "hunter" for weapon systems such Jagdtiger.
• jawohl — simply the word "yes" with the emphatic "wohl", which one might translate as "Yes, indeed!", "Aye, aye, sir!" or "Absolutely yes!" Widely used in World War II.
• Junkerschule — SS officer academy.

K

• Kadavergehorsam — "absolute duty and blind obedience till death."; lit.: "carcass obedience"
• Kameradschaft — small military unit, or phrase for "comrade support amongst soldiers" (see Volkgemeinschaft).
• Kampf — struggle, fight or conflict.
• Kampfflotte — battle fleet.
• Kampfgeist — fighting spirit.
• Kampfgeschwader (KG) — bomber wing (USAAF practice)/group (RAF practice)
• Kampfgruppe—1. an Army battlegroup or task force; formal designation of an ad hoc task force, or informal description of a combat unit at greatly reduced strength. 2. In the Luftwaffe, a bomber unit equivalent to a US/French group or a British Commonwealth wing.
• Kampfmesser — combat knife.
• Kampfplan — battle plan.
• Kampfschwimmer — frogman.
• Kampfzone — battle zone.
• Kampfwunde — battle injury.
• Kanone — gun (as opposed to a howitzer).
• Kanonier — gunner
• Kapitän — Naval rank of Captain; in full Kapitän zur See (KzS or Kpt.z.S.) ;literally, Sea Captain. Commanded any capital ship.
• Kapitänleutnant (Kptlt.) — Naval rank of Lieutenant Commander or (literally) Captain Lieutenant. Officers of this rank generally command small vessels such as U-boats and minesweepers. The rank is often shortened to "Kaleun", with junior officers addressing people of this rank as "Herr Kaleun".
• Kapitulation — surrender.
• Kapo — overseer, NCO (sl). Esp. a prisoner who acted as an overseer of his fellow inmates in the Nazi concentration camps (see Konzentrationslager).
• Kartenstelle — mapping detachment, normally part of staff company of a division or higher
• Kaserne — barracks.
• Kavallerie — cavalry.
• Kessel(schlacht) — cauldron
• Kette — chain, in the air force a sub-unit of 3—6 aircraft
• Ketten — chains, chain-drive, tracks (e.g. Panzerketten)
• Kettenantrieb — track, such as a tank track; tracked vehicle.
• Kettenhund — "chained dog", slang for a Military Policeman (derived from the metal gorget worn on a chain around the neck).
• Kettenkraftrad — a tracked motorcycle; also Kettenkrad.
• Kindersärge — "children's coffins", slang term applied to small, wooden antipersonnel box-mines.
• KLA: Kriegsschiffbaulehrabteilung — was a warship-construction training division which supervised a Baubelehrung.
• Kleinkampfverband (K-Verband) — special naval operations unit, comprising a few frogmen.
• Kleinkrieg — guerrilla war.
• Knickebein — "crooked leg", also "bent leg" (in the sense of "dogleg"); German navigational system using radio beams to guide bombers.
• Knochensammlung — gathering the bones of dead soldiers.
• Kochgeschirr - mess tin
• Kolonne — column, also supply units (e.g. leichte Infanterie-Kolonne)
• Kommandanten-Schießlehrgang — U-boat Commander's Torpedo Course.
• Kommando — command; detachment; detail.
• Kommissarbefehl — the notorious 6 June 1941 "Commissar Order" to kill all political commissars in the Red Army and civil government.
• Kompanie — company, unit.
  • Kompaniechef — company commander
  • Kompaniefeldwebel — company first sergeant
  • Kompanieführer — substitute company commander in case of absence or if the ‘Kompaniechef ’ is only an honorary function (similar to a Colonel-in-Chief)
  • Kompanietruppführer — Company headquarters section leader
• Konteradmiral — Naval rank of Rear Admiral.
• Konzentrationslager (KZL) — concentration camp.
• Korvettenkapitän (K.Kpt) — Naval rank of (literally) "Corvette Captain". The grade senior to Kapitänleutnant; frequently translated as either Lieutenant Commander or Commander. Typically commanded a destroyer.
• Krad (Kraft-Radfahrzeug) — motorcycle (dated).
• Krad-Melder — motorcycle dispatch rider
• Kradschütze(n) — motorcycle unit or soldier.
• Kraft — strength.
• Kraftei - literally "power-egg", used both for the unitized aviation engine installation system that combined all major engine ancillary components (radiator, oil cooler, etc.) with the engine itself, into a single interchangeable unit for ease of field maintenance and rapid replacement, or as a slang term for the short-fuselaged Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet rocket fighter.
• Krankenstation — sick bay of a ship.
• Krankenträger — stretcher bearer
• Kraut — for sauerkraut; slang term used by Americans to refer to Germans.
• Krieg or Krieg(s)- — "war" or "wartime-".
• Kriegserlebnis — (myth of the) war experience.
• Kriegsfischkutter (KFK) — patrol vessels constructed to a fishing-vessel design; (see Vorpostenboote).
• Kriegsflagge — "war ensign"; military form of the national flag, quartered by a black cross with an Iron Cross in the canton.
• Kriegsgefangener — prisoner of war.
• Kriegsgericht — court-martial; slang for a war dish or poor meal. Also "Militärgericht".
• Kriegsmarine — German Navy, 1935-1945.
• Kriegsneurose — battle fatigue. Mod. post traumatic stress disorder.
• Kriegstagebuch — war diary.
• Kriminalpolizei (Kripo) — "Criminal Police" — In Nazi Germany, it became the national Criminal (investigative) Police Department for the entire Reich in July 1936. It was merged, along with the Gestapo, into the Sicherheitspolizei (SiPo). Later, in 1939, it was folded into the RSHA.
• Krupp (Kp) — famous German steel producer, manufactured most of the tanks, howitzers and heavy mortars, as well as armour plates for battleships (most famously the Bismarck).
• Krupp-Daimler (KD) — See Krupp.
• Kübel — literally, "bucket" or "tub", short for Kübelwagen, open-topped military utility cars.
• Kugel — "bullet" (also "ball").
• Kugelfest — bullet-proof.
• Kugelblitz — literally "ball lightning", fireball.
• KwK — abbreviation for "Kampfwagenkanone", the turret-mounted main (cannon) armament of a main battle tank.

L

• Ladeschütze — loader
• Lager — camp.
• Landekopf — beachhead.
• Lafette - literally "gun mount", used for many differing artillery carriages and for manned and remotely controlled gun turret installations on German military vehicles, especially on aircraft.
• Landratsamt — civil administration office.
• Landsturm — historically, infantry of non-professional soldiers; a kind of militia.
• Landser — historical term for a German infantryman; slang: "Schütze Arsch".
• Landwehr — Territorial Army, a type of militia.
• Landsturm — fourth levy
• Lastensegler — cargo glider
• Latrinenparole — "latrine talk", rumor.
• laufende Nummer — serial number.
• Lebensraum — "living space", or in Hitler-speak the minimum space the German people needed to live in.
• Lehr — "demonstration"; usually part of the name of an elite formation used as or mobilized from instructional troops (e.g., Panzer-Lehr-Division).
• leicht — "light", usually to refer a lighter type, such as light tank: leichter Panzer. Several classes of divisions were also classified as "light".
• Leopard - the name originally used for the Porsche-produced VK 3601(P) prototype tank hull design, and later used by the Federal German Republic for the Leopard 1 and Leopard 2 Bundeswehr main battle tanks in service from the 1960s into the 21st century.
• Leuchtpistole — flare pistol
• Leuchtgeschoss/-granate — star shell
• Leutnant — Army rank, equivalent to Second Lieutenant
• Leutnant zur See — Naval rank, equivalent to Lieutenant, junior grade
• Lichtenstein — German airborne radar used for nightfighting, in early UHF-band BC and C-1 versions, and later VHF-band SN-2 and SN-3 versions.
• Lorenz Schlüsselzusatz — German cipher machine.
• Lorenz (navigation) — pre-war blind-landing aid used at many airports. Most German bombers had the radio equipment needed to use it.
• "Los!" — "Go!" or "Away!" Also the U-boat command to fire a torpedo ("Fire!")
• Luchs — "lynx"; nickname given to the Model L version of the Panzer II.
• Leuchtkugel — signal flare.
• Luftangriff — air attack, air raid.
• Luftflotte - lit. air fleet. Largest sub-units within the Luftwaffe.
• Luftschutz — air raid protection
• Luftwaffe — "air force"; the German Air Force.
• Luftwaffenhelfer — "Luftwaffe assistant"; see FlaK-Helfer.
• Luftschutzpolizei — air raid wardens.

M

• Mannschaften — enlisted personnel
• Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg (M.A.N.) — Augsburg-Nuremberg Machine Factory; a German engineering works and truck manufacturer. Now called MAN AG, and primary builder of the Panther tank.
• Maschinenfabrik Niedersachsen Hannover (MNH) — weapon (tank) development and production firm.
• Maschinengewehr (MG) — machine gun, as in the MG42.
• Maschinengewehrschütze — machine gunner
• Maschinenkanone (MK) - an autocannon used for aircraft armament, as with the MK 108 30mm calibre weapon.
• Maschinenpistole (MP) — submachine gun, as in the MP40.
• Maschine — "machine". Commonly used as airplane or engine.
• Maultier — SdKfz 4 half-track truck, German for mule
• Maus — "mouse"; nickname for a large, Porsche-designed super-heavy tank, the heaviest tank ever actually built and tested, that never passed beyond prototype stage.
• Maybach (M) — a German automotive and engineering company.
• Melder — runner
• Meldereiter - horse despatch rider
• Metox — radar warning receiver (named for manufacturer) fitted to U-boats; superseded by Naxos-U
• Milchkuh — "milk cow", nickname for the Type XIV resupply U-boat.
• Militär — military.
• Militärnachrichtendienst — military intelligence.
• Mine (pl. Minen) — an anti-personnel, tank or ship mine.
• Mineneigenschutz (MES) — ship's degaussing cable; literally "mine self-protection".
• Minensuchboote (M-boats) — large minesweepers.
• Mißliebige — undesirables.
• Mitarbeiter — assistant clerk
• Motorkanone — engine-mounted autocannon armament firing through a hollow propeller shaft on fighter aircraft.
• MP(i) — sub-machine gun
• Mörser — mortar
• Munitionskanonier — ammunition handler
• Munitionsschlepper — ammunition carrier.
• Munitionsschütze — ammunition handler
• Mütze — cap or small hat, such as the M43 field cap, also known as the Einheitsfeldmütze.

N

• Nachricht(en) — signals / news / communication, also intelligence.
• Nachrichtendienst — intelligence
• Nachrichtenoffizier — signals officer
• Nachrichtentruppen — Signal Corps.
• Nachschub — supply
• Nachschubtruppen — supply troops.
• Nacht und Nebel — "night and fog"; code for some prisoners that were to be disposed of, leaving no traces; bei Nacht und Nebel (idiom) — secretly and surprisingly, at dead of night.
• Nachtjagdgeschwader (NJG) — night-fighter wing/group.
• Nahkampfmesser — close-combat fighting knife.
• Nahverteidigungswaffe — "close defense weapon"; an attachment to Panzers to combat close-assaulting infantry.
• Nashorn — "rhinoceros", nickname for a type of tank destroyer.
• Nationalsozialistische Führungsoffiziere (NSFO) — National Socialist Leadership Officers.
• Naxos radar detector — "Naxos Z" was developed for night fighters, "Naxos U", was provided to U-boats, to locate Allied H2S microwave-band radar transmissions.
• Nebelwerfer (Nb. W) — "fog thrower"; rocket artillery, multi-barrel rocket launchers that could be used for smoke or high-explosive projectiles.
• Niederlage — defeat.
• Norden — north.
• Notsignal — distress signal.
• NSKK — the Nationalsozialistisches Kraftfahrerkorps, or National Socialist Motor Corps.
• Nummer (Nr.) — "number"; used to describe some divisional organizations with a unit number but no combat assets, often converted to ordinary divisions later on. (E.g., Division Nr. 157.)

O

• Ober-* — higher; part of several military ranks and titles like Oberleutnant and "Oberkommando".
• Oberst — German equivalent of a Colonel.
• Oberbefehlshaber des Heeres (Ob.d.H.) — Commander-in-Chief of the Army.
• Oberkommando des Heeres (OKH) — "High Command of the Army" and Army General Staff from 1936 to 1945.
• Oberkommando der Kriegsmarine (OKM) — "High Command of the (War) Navy".
• Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (OKL) — "High Command of the Air Force".
• Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW) — "High Command of the Armed Forces". The OKW replaced the War Ministry and was part of the command structure of the armed forces of Nazi Germany.
• Offizier im Generalstab — General Staff officer
• Offizier-Lager (Oflag) — "officer camp"; German prisoner-of-war camp for Allied officers.
• Ordnungspolizei (Orpo) — "order police" - the regular uniformed police after their nationalization in 1936.
• Ordonnanzoffizier — aide-de-camp
• Ortskampf — combat in towns, urban warfare.
• Osten — east.
• Ostfront — eastern front (Russian Front)
• Ostjuden — eastern Jews in Poland.
• Ostmark — lit. Eastern Border, post-Anschluss Austria.
• Ostpreußen — province of East Prussia.

P

• Panjewagen — one-horse carriage.
• Panzer — "armour"; German word is derived from Old French pancier, meaning "armour for the belly". It can refer to a tank (see Panzerkampfwagen below) or to an armoured formation. (Panzer Division is literally "Tank Division"; the adjective for "armoured" is gepanzert.)
• Panzerabwehrkanone (PaK) — anti-tank gun; literally, "tank defence cannon", also used for the main armament for a typical casemate style turretless German tank destroyer.
• Panzerbefehlswagen (Pz. Bef.Wg) — the commanding tank of any panzer detachment; also used of purpose-built command tanks with extra radio gear.
• Panzerbüchse — anti-tank rifle
• Panzerbüchsenschütze — anti-tank rifleman
• Panzerfaust — literally "armour fist"; a light disposable infantry anti-tank weapon, a small recoilless gun firing a fin-stabilized shaped charge grenade, and a forerunner of the Soviet RPG (rocket-propelled grenade) although the Panzerfaust was not rocket-propelled.
• Panzerführer — tank commander
• Panzerkommandant — tank commander
• Panzerschreck — literally "armour terror," officially Raketenpanzerbüchse "rocket armour rifle;" a heavy re-usable infantry anti-tank weapon firing a rocket-propelled 88mm shaped charge grenade. Also called Ofenrohr ("stovepipe") for its appearance.
• Panzergrenadier — mechanized infantry; a soldier belonging to a mechanized infantry unit.
• Panzerjäger — "tank hunter(s)", anti-tank troops; also used by extension for their self-propelled tank destroyers (e.g., the Elefant) until superseded by the Jagdpanzer ("hunting tank") term.
• Panzerkampfwagen (Pzkpfw.) — "armoured fighting vehicle"; usually a reference to a type of tank with a 360° fully rotating turret for the main armament.
• Panzerschiffe — "armoured ships"; i.e., "pocket battleships".
• Panzertruppen — tank forces.
• Papier — paper. Often used as paper of identification.
• Papierkrieg — paper war. Expression describing the struggle to keep up with reports and record keeping
• Partei — political party.
• Pionier (pl. Pioniere) — combat engineer.
• Plattenpanzer — plate armour.
• Planoffizier — Triangulation officer
• Porsche (P) — company that designed and produced tanks and other military vehicles. They now produce cars.
• Putsch — coup d'état; the sudden overthrow of a government by a small group, usually the military.
• Pyrrhussieg — Pyrrhic victory.

Q

• Quartiermeister — quartermaster
• Quist — one of several manufacturers of German helmets both during and after World War II.

R

• Radikale Niederwerfung — ruthless suppression.
• Räumboot — small minesweeper
• Rasputitsa — slang for watery, mud-filled trenches or landscape in Russia.
• Räumboote (R-boot) — small motor minesweepers.
• Regierung — government.
• Regimentsadjutant - regiment adjutant
• Regimentsarzt — Regimental Medical Officer
• Regimentschef — colonel of the regiment
• Regimentsführer - substitute for the colonel of the regiment
• Regimentskommandeur - commander of the regiment
• Regimentsveterinär — regimental veterinarian
• Reich — realm, empire.
• Reichsarbeitsdienst (RAD) — compulsory labor service in Nazi Germany.
• Reichsbahn — railway system.
• Reichsführer-SS — Reich Leader of the SS, an office held by Heinrich Himmler.
• Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA) — "Reich Main Security Office or Reich Security Head Office"; created by Himmler in September 1939 to combine all German security and plainclothes police departments, including the Gestapo, Kripo and SD (Sicherheitsdienst der SS) into one umbrella organization with seven departments.
• Reichswehr — name for the German Armed Forces under the Weimar Republic, from 1919 to 1935.
• Reiter — cavalryman. See also Ritter.
• Rekrut — coll. rookie, recruit, member of the military in the basic training
• Rettungsboot — lifeboat.
• Richtkreisunteroffizier — Gun Director (NCO)
• Richtschütze — aiming gunner.
• Ritter — knight, cavalier.
• Ritterkreuz — "knight's cross", usual abbreviated name for the Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes (see next entry)
• Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes — Knight's Cross (of the Iron Cross); award for valorous service for those who had already received the Iron Cross. Highest award class for bravery under fire or military leadership. 7318 of these were awarded during the war. Previous recipients of the Ritterkreuz would be awarded a higher degree of the same award, and then successively higher ones. The higher degrees are, in ascending order:
  • Ritterkreuz mit Eichenlaub — "knight's cross with oak leaves". 890 recipients during the war.
  • Ritterkreuz mit Eichenlaub und Schwerten — "knight's cross with oak leaves and swords". 159 recipients total, plus one honorary recipient (Japanese admiral Isoroku Yamamoto)
  • Ritterkreuz mit Eichenlaub, Schwerten und Brillanten — "knight's cross with oak leaves, swords, and diamonds": 27 recipients total.
  • Ritterkreuz mit Goldenem Eichenlaub, Schwertern und Brillanten: "knight's cross with golden oak leaves, swords, and diamonds": only one recipient.
• Ritterkreuzauftrag, "Knight's Cross job" — soldiers' slang for a suicidal mission.
• Ritterkreuzträger — a holder of the Knight's Cross.
• Rittmeister — Captain, used instead of Hauptmann in the cavalry, reconnaissance, and horse-transport waffen.
• Rollkommando — small motorized (rolling) taskforce (non military: band for hit-and-run krime)
• Rommelspargel — "Rommel's asparagus"; slanted and barb-wired poles placed in key places behind the Atlantic Wall with the intention of preventing paratroop and glider landings.
• Rotes Kreuz — Red Cross.
• RSO — the Raupenschlepper Ost fully tracked artillery towing vehicle.
• Rückzug — retreat.

S

• S-mine — a common type of anti-personnel landmine.
• SA — see Sturmabteilung.
• Sachbearbeiter — clerk
• die Sahnefront — (cream front) occupied Denmark World War II, a lot of food, minuscule fighting.
• Sanitäter ('Sani') — combat medic
• Sanitätsoffizier — Medical officer
• Sanitätsunteroffizier — Medical NCO
• Sanka — acronym for Sanitätskraftfahrtzeug, a term for German field ambulances.
• Saukopf — "pig's head", used to refer to the shape of a gun mantlet or mount.
• Schanzzeug — entrenching tool; slang term for fork and knife.
• Scharfschütze — "sharpshooter"; sniper, marksman.
• Schatten — "shadow"; used to describe division headquarters that controlled just a few combat assets, usually for the purpose of misleading enemy intelligence.
• Scheisskommando — latrine detail as referred to by survivors of the Konzentrationslager.
• Scheuch-schlepper - the adapted three-wheel agricultural tractor used to tow the Luftwaffe's Komet rocket fighter on the ground.
• Schiffchen — side cap
• Schirmmütze — officer's and senior NCO's peaked cap
• Schirrmeister — Harness keeper
• Schlacht — battle. "Von" is used for a general location and "um" is used for what exactly was being fought over; for example, the Battle of Midway is referred to as the "Schlacht um Midway" while the Battle of Trafalgar is called the "Schlacht von Trafalgar".
• Schlachtschiff — battleship.
• Schleichfahrt — silent running.
• schnell — fast.
• Schnellboot (S-Boot) — motor torpedo boat (British term: "E-boat", for "enemy").
• Schnelle Truppen — mechanized troops (whether armour or infantry).
• Schräge Musik — "slanted music", obliquely upward/forward-firing offensive German night fighter armament.
• Schutzpolizei — "protection police", the municipal police; largest component of the uniformed police or Ordnungspolizei.
• Schutzstaffel (SS) – "Protection Squadron", a major Nazi organization that grew from a small paramilitary unit that served as Hitler's personal body guard into militarily what was in practical terms the fourth branch of the Wehrmacht. It was not legally a part of the military (and therefore wore the national emblem on the left sleeve instead of over the right breast pocket). "SS" is formed from (S)chutz(s)taffel. Had a tri-force structure: Allgemeine-SS or "General SS", general main body of the Schutzstaffel; SS-Totenkopfverbände responsible for the concentration camps; SS-Verfügungstruppe made up of military "dispositional" troops which in 1940 officially became part of the Waffen-SS.
• Schürze — "skirting", armour skirting added to tanks to give additional protection.
• Schussline — line of fire.
• Schütze — rifleman; see also Scharfschütze.
• Schützenpanzerwagen (SPW) — armoured half-track or self propelled weapon.
• Schutzhaft — "protective custody"; a euphemism for the power to imprison people without judicial proceedings, typically in concentration camps.
• Schutzhaftbefehl — "protective custody order"; document declaring that a detained person desired to be imprisoned; normally this signature was forced by torture.
• Schwadron (plural: Schwadrone) — "squadron"; used in the cavalry, a squadron was basically company-sized.
  • Schwadronführer — company commander in the cavalry
  • Schwadrontruppführer — company HQ section leader
• Schwarm — Flight (military unit)
• Schwarze Kapelle — "Black Orchestra"; a term used to describe a group of conspirators within the German Army who plotted to overthrow Hitler and came near to successfully assassinating him on 20 July 1944.
• Schweinereien — "scandalous acts" (lit.: "acts of a pig"); (in a military context) crimes against civilians.
• schwer — (1) adjective meaning "heavy", the word "gross" (large) can mean the same; (2) hard/difficult.
• Schwerer Kreuzer — heavy cruiser.
• Schwerpunkt — main axis of attack
• Schwert — sword.
• Schwimmpanzer — amphibious or "swimming" tank.
• SD — see Sicherheitsdienst.
• SdKfz — Sonderkraftfahrzeug
• Seekriegsleitung (SKL) — directorate of the Naval War.
• Sehrohr — periscope; literally "looking tube".
• Sehrohrtiefe — periscope depth.
• Seitengewehr — bayonet.
• Selbstfahrlafette — self-propelled gun carriage.
• Selbstschutz — ethnic German civilian militia.
• Sicherheitsdienst (SD) — "security service"; the SS and Nazi Party security service. Later, the main intelligence-gathering, and counter-espionage sections of the RSHA; originally headed by Reinhard Heydrich.
• Sicherheitspolizei (SiPo) — "security police", the combined forces of the Gestapo and KriPo, made up of the Reich's criminal investigators and secret state police.
• "sichern und laden" — "lock and load".
• Sicherungsflottillen — (1) escort ships, (2) paramilitary organization of unemployed ex-soldiers, who were recruited to protect Nazi speakers, and because of their clothing were called "Brown Shirts".
• Sieg — victory.
• Sigrunen — the name of the double "S" runes used by the SS.
• SiPo — see Sicherheitspolizei.
• Sippenhaftung — the practice of arresting members of a person's family for political crimes or treason committed by that person.
• Soldat — soldier/enlisted man.
• Soldbuch — pay book carried by every member of the German armed forces. Unit information, a record of all equipment issued, and other details were entered into this book.
• Sollstärke — authorized strength
• Sonderbehandlung — "special treatment"; a Nazi euphemism meaning torture or killing of people in detention.
• Sonderfahndungslisten — wanted-persons list.
• Sonderkommando — "special unit"; an official term that applied to certain German and foreign SS units that operated in German-occupied areas, who were responsible for the liquidation of persons not desirable to the Nazi government; ALSO: Jewish inmates of extermination camps, assigned to clear gas chambers of corpses, etc.
• Sonderkraftfahrzeug (Sd. Kfz.) — "special-purpose motor vehicle", usually abbreviated and referring to an Ordinance Inventory Number.
• Sonderreferat — special administrative section.
• Späher — scout.
• Spähtrupp - combat patrol
• Spähwagen — armoured car, scout/reconnaissance vehicle.
• Sperrlinie — blocking line.
• Sperrschule — Mine Warfare School at Kiel-Wik.
• Spieß — "pike"; colloquial name for the mustering and administrative non-commissioned officer of a company, the Hauptfeldwebel. Typically held the rank of Oberfeldwebel or Stabsfeldwebel. He exercised more authority than his American counterpart (First Sergeant), but his duties did not ordinarily include combat leadership.
• Spion — spy.
• Sprengstoff — explosive material.
• SS — see Schutzstaffel.
• SS-TV — SS-Totenkopfverbände (SS Death's Head Units).
• SS-Verfügungstruppen — "units available" or military formations of the SS; became the core of the Waffen-SS formed in August 1940.
• Stab (pl. Stäbe) — "staff", sometimes HQ.
• Stabschef — chief of staff.
• Stabsfeldwebel — lit. "Staff Sergeant", but roughly equivalent to Sergeant Major: the highest non-commissioned officer rank.
• Stacheldraht — barbed wire.
• Stadtkommandant — military commander of a city.
• Staffel — squadron; the smallest operational air unit, and the primary operational unit of the World War I era Luftstreitkräfte.
  • Staffelführer
  • Staffelkapitän
• Stahlhelm — (1) literally "steel helmet"; (2) inter-war nationalist organization.
• Stalag — acronym for Stammlager, German prisoner-of-war camp for ranks other than officers.
• Stalinorgel — "Stalin's Organ"; nickname for the Katyusha rocket launcher.
• Stammkennzeichen — four-letter radio identification code applied to factory-fresh Luftwaffe aircraft, also used for prototype identification, not used on non-day-fighter aircraft assigned to a particular Luftwaffe wing, where a Geschwaderkennung code would be used instead.
• Standarte — SS unit equivalent to a regiment.
• Stellung — position
• Stellungskrieg — attrition warfare.
• Stellungsunteroffizier — gun position NCO
• Steuerbord — starboard side of a ship.
• Stielhandgranate — stick hand grenade: the "potato masher" Model 24 grenade.
• Stoßtrupp — small unit as shock or attack troops.
• Strategischer Sieg — strategic victory.
• Stube — room in the barracks, quarters
• Stuka — acronym for Sturzkampfflugzeug, literally, "dive-bombing aircraft". Particularly associated with the German Ju-87 dive bomber, although the German term refers to any dive bomber.
• Stukageschwader — a dive bomberwing/group, later Schlachtgeschwader in a ground support role (SG).
• Stupa — a Sturmpanzer IV assault gun.
• Sturm — assault.
• Sturmabteilung (SA) — "storm battalion," stormtroopers, not part of the army. In the beginning the Nazi Party's "Brown Shirt" bully-boys and street brawlers which grew by 1934 into a paramilitary force of nearly a half-million men; after the purge of its leadership by the Schutzstaffel (SS) and Gestapo during the Night of the Long Knives rapidly decreased in numbers and influence.
• Sturmbann [plural: Sturmbanne] — lit. "storm band," a battalion; used by SA and SS units until 1940.
• Sturmgeschütz (StuG) — self-propelled assault gun, such as the Sturmgeschütz III.
• Sturmgewehr — assault rifle.
• StuK - Sturmkanone, prefix for the main armament of any German self-propelled artillery, also "StuH" for Sturmhaubitze, when a howitzer was used instead on a tracked chassis.
• Stützpunkt — military base.
• Süden — south.
• Swastika — English term for the German Hakenkreuz.
• sWS — Schwere Wehrmachtschlepper, late World War II "replacement" half-track vehicle.

T

• Tagesbefehl — order of the day
• tauchen — dive; submerge.
• Tauchpanzer — submersible tank.
• Teilkommando — a small, section-sized command group.
• Testflug — flight test, shakedown cruise
• Tiger — name given to the PzKW Panzer VI "Tiger I" and "Tiger II" series of tanks, as well as the Jagdtiger tank destroyer, based on the Tiger II, and Sturmtiger, built on the Tiger I's chassis.
• Todesmärsche — "Death marches" — at the end of the war when it became obvious that the German army was trapped between the Soviets to the east and the advancing Allied troops from the west, the Nazis, in an attempt to prevent the liberation of concentration camp inmates, forced them to march westward toward Germany proper. Thousands died in these marches.
• Tommy — German slang for a British soldier (similar to "Jerry" or "Kraut", the British and American slang terms for Germans).
• Totenkopf — "death's head",skull and crossbones, also the nickname for the Kampfgeschwader 54 bomber wing of the World War II era Luftwaffe.
• Tornister - Back pack
• Totenkopfverbände — "Death's Head units", employed as guards in Nazi concentration camps, many later became the members of units of the Waffen-SS, such as the SS Division Totenkopf.
• Totenkopfwachsturmbanne — Death's Head Guard battalions; units of the SS that guarded concentration camps during the war.
• Treffer — hit. Mostly in past tense. "Torpedo getroffen!" = "Torpedo hit!" or "Torpedo impact!"
• Tropenhelm — pith helmet; a wide-rimmed fabric-covered cork helmet used in tropical areas, most notably by the Afrika Korps.
• Trupp (pl. Trupps) — Smallest tactical unit of 2 to 8 men, best comparing to Fireteam but also used in non-combat tasks as logistics.
• Truppe (pl. Truppen) — summarising term for armed forces, in some context it stands for the enlisted personnel.
• Truppenamt — "Troop Office", the disguised Army General Staff after the Versailles Treaty abolished the German Army General Staff.
• Truppenarzt — physician in units and sub-units with organic medical sections, e.g. Regimentsarzt, Bataillonsarzt
• Truppführer — team leader

U

• UAA — see U-Fahrausbildungslehrgang.
• U-bootjäger (UJ-boats) — steam trawlers equipped for anti-submarine operations.
• U-Fahrausbildungslehrgang — where submarine personnel learned to operate U-boats.
• U-Lehrdivision (ULD) — U-boat Training Division (see Kommandanten-Schießlehrgang).
• Untermenschen — those peoples the Nazis derided as "subhuman" (see Entmenscht).
• Unteroffizier — (1) a non-commissioned officer; (2) the lowest NCO rank, typical for e.g. infantry squad leaders and functionally equivalent to US Sergeant or UK Corporal.
• Unteroffiziere mit Portepee — senior NCO; lit. "underofficer with sword-knot."
• Unteroffiziere ohne Portepee — junior NCO; lit. "underofficer without sword-knot."
• Unterführer — summarized term for all non-commissioned officers; literally: "subleaders".
• Unterseeboot (U-boot) — literally, "undersea boat"; submarine. In the English-speaking world, there is a distinction between "U-boat" and "submarine": "U-boat" refers to a German submarine, particularly the ones used during the world wars. In German, there is no distinction as "U-boat" is used for any submarine, such as "Deutsche U-boot" or "Amerikanische U-boot".
• Ural bomber - Luftwaffe General Walter Wever's initiative to build Germany's first four engined strategic bomber at the dawn of the Third Reich, with prototypes coming from Dornier and Junkers. After Wever's death in 1936, the program was shelved.
• Urlaub — furlough; also: vacation.
• UvD — Unteroffizier vom Dienst - Sergeant in charge of CQ

V

• V1 — the first of the operational German "weapons of vengeance", or Vergeltungswaffen, the V1 was a pilotless, pioneering cruise missile powered by a pulse-jet engine and carried an 850 kg (1875 lb) high-explosive warhead. They had a range of up to 200 km. Nicknamed "buzz bombs" by Allied troops ("doodlebug" by Australians) due to the sound they made.
• V2 Rocket — Also known as the A4, the successor to the V1 was the pioneering supersonic SRBM powered by liquid oxygen and alcohol, it had a 975 kg (2150 lb) high-explosive warhead and a range of 320 km.
• V3 — long-range, smooth-bore multiple-chamber supergun nicknamed the Hochdruckpumpe (high-pressure pump), designed to fire shells carrying up to a 10 kg (22 lb) high-explosive warhead at a range of 93 km. It was never very successful as most installations were destroyed by bombing before they could be used.
• Verband — formation (from a battalion to a brigade).
• Verbindungsoffizier — liaison officer
• verdächtige Elemente/Personen — suspicious elements/persons.
• Verfügungstruppen — "[Special] Disposal Troops"; SS combat units, became the Waffen-SS in 1940.
• Vergeltungsmaßnahmen — reprisals; retaliatory punitive measures.
• Vernichtungskrieg — (1) "war of annihilation" against USSR civilians; (2) dogmatic offensive.
• Vernichtungslager — extermination camp.
• Verpflegung - food supplies
• Verräter — traitor.
• "Verstanden" — procedure word; "understood", "roger".
• Verstärkung — reinforcement.
• Versuchs — experimental. Hence the "V" designation for any military aircraft prototype for the World War II era Luftwaffe. Originated by the Fokker Flugzeugbau in 1916, solely for its own experimental designs.
• Versuchskonstruktion — prototype.
• Verwendung — duty position
• Veterinäroffizier — veterinarian officer
• Vichy France — French regime set up in the city of Vichy under Marshal Philippe Petain in collaboration with the Germans following the fall of France in 1940. It governed the southern half of France until its dissolution in 1944.
• Vierling — German for "quadruple", referring to any weapons mount that used four machine guns or autocannon of the same make and model, in a single traversable and elevatible mount, used as part of the name for the Flakvierling quadmount 20mm anti-aircraft cannon system, and the experimental HL 131V (Hecklafette 131-Vierling) tail turret, mounting four MG 131 12.7mm machine guns in an enclosed, powered defensive position for advanced German late-war bomber aircraft designs.
• Vizeadmiral — Naval rank of Vice Admiral
• völkisch — popular, in the sense of "of the (German) populace." An adjective derived from "Volk" meaning "people," coming from the racist, nationalist ideology which divided people into "pure" Aryans and inferior Untermenschen.
• Volksdeutsche — ethnic Germans.
• Volksgemeinschaft — national community or civilian population; public support (see Kameradschaft).
• Volksgrenadier — "People's Infantryman", a morale-building honorific given to low-grade infantry divisions raised or reconstituted in the last months of the war.
• Volkskrieg — "People's War".
• Volkssturm — people's semi-military defense force, made up mostly of boys and older men.
• Volkstumskampf — ethnic struggle.
• Vorausabteilung — advance detachment
• Vorgeschobener Beobachter — forward observer
• Vorpostenboote (VP-boot) — coastal escort vessels and motor launches with anti-submarine and minesweeping gear. Also called Küstenfischkutter (KFK), as they were patrol vessels constructed to a fishing-vessel design.

W

• Wabos — in U-boat terminology, the nickname for Wasserbomben, literally "water bombs," (depth charges).
• Wach- — guard (in conjunction).
• Wachsamkeit — vigilance.
• Wachtmeister — senior NCO (equivalent to Feldwebel) in cavalry and artillery units.
• Waffe (plural: Waffen) — "weapon", or can be an adjective meaning "armed".
• Waffenamt — "weapons office" — arms inspection stamp or mark.
• Waffenfarbe — arm of service colour
• Waffen-SS — "Armed SS". The military combat branch of the SS that was created in August 1940 with the amalgamation of the Verfügungstruppe, the Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler (LSSAH) and the combat Standarten of the Totenkopfverbände.
• Wagen — vehicle, car.
• Wehrkraftzersetzung — undermining the fighting spirit of the troops.
• Wehrkreis — German military district centered on an important city.
• Wehrmacht — German armed forces under the Third Reich consisting of three branches: the Heer (Army), the Luftwaffe (Air Force), and the Kriegsmarine (Navy).
• Wehrmachtbericht — a daily radio broadcast that described the military situation on all fronts during World War II.
• Wehrmachtführungsstab — Armed Forces Operations Staff.
• Wehrmachtsadler — the Wehrmacht's eagle insignia.
• Wehrmachtgefolge — Armed Forces Auxiliaries. These include those organizations that were not a part of the armed forces but which served such an important support role that they were given protection under the Geneva Convention and/or militarized. The armed forces auxiliaries consisted in part of the Reichsarbeitsdienst, NSKK, Organisation Todt, and the Volkssturm.
• Wehrmachtskanister — Robust tank used to carry fuel. Called a "Jerrycan" by the Allies.
• Wehrpass — German military individual service record booklet.
• Werwolf — German guerrilla fighters dedicated to harass Allied rear areas. Initially conceived as an adjunct to the Jagd-Kommando units and placed under the command of Otto Skorzeny, the idea was later appropriated by Joseph Goebbels to represent the general rising up of the German people to defend against foreign invasion. It was not well organized or widely effective, and there were only a few known instances of involvement, mainly after the war ended and mostly in the eastern regions.
• Wespe — "wasp", a self-propelled 105mm howitzer on PzKpfw II chassis.
• Westen — west.
• Widerstandskräfte — insurgents (see Freischärler).
• Wolf — the military designation name for a Mercedes-Benz G-Class in the German Bundeswehr.
• Wolfsrudel — wolf pack, an anti-convoy tactic developed by Admiral Dönitz prior to the war.
• Wolfsschanze "Wolf's Lair" — Hitler's first World War II Eastern Front military headquarters, one of several Führer Headquarters or FHQs located in various parts of Europe. The complex, built for Operation Barbarossa (the 1941 German invasion of the Soviet Union) was located in the Masurian woods, about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from Rastenburg, East Prussia (N/K/A Kętrzyn, Poland).
• Wotan — alternative name for the Y-Gerät radio navigation system.
• Würzburg radar — German air defense radar that went into service in 1940; over 3,000 of all variants were built.

X

• X-Gerät — "X-device" or "X-equipment"; radio navigation equipment used on German aircraft.

Y

• Y-Beam — German aircraft navigational system which utilized a single station that radiated a directional beam plus a ranging signal which the bomber picked up and re-transmitted to enable the ground controllers to compute the range and know when to order the bombs to be dropped.
• Y-Gerät — "Y-device" or "Y-equipment"; radio navigation equipment used on German aircraft.

Z

• Z-Plan (or Plan-Z) was the name given to the re-equipment and expansion of the Kriegsmarine (Nazi German Navy) as ordered by Adolf Hitler on 27 January 1939. The plan called for 10 battleships, four aircraft carriers, three battlecruisers, eight heavy cruisers, 44 light cruisers, 68 destroyers and 249 U-boats by 1944 that was meant to challenge the naval power of the United Kingdom. The outbreak of World War II in September 1939 came far too early to implement the plan.
• Z3 — pioneering computer developed by Konrad Zuse in 1941, it was destroyed by bombardment in 1944.
• z.b.V. — see zur besonderen Verwendung.
• Zeit — time.
• Zeitplan — timetable, schedule.
• Zeltbahn — a triangular or square shelter quarter made of closely woven, water-repellent cotton duck. It could be used on its own as a poncho or put together with others to create shelters and tents. Also called Zeltplane.
• Zentralstelle II P — Central Office II P (Poland).
• Zerstörer — destroyer.
• Ziel — target, objective.
• Zimmerit — an anti-magnetic mine paste applied on the armour of German tanks to prevent magnetic mines from being attached. It was similar to cement, and was applied on the tanks with a rake, giving the vehicle a rough appearance. From the summer of the 1943 to mid-1944 Zimmerit became a standard characteristic on many German panzers.
• Zossen — The underground bunker complex that was headquarters for both the Wehrmacht (OKW) and (Heer) Army High Command (OKH) located approximately 20 miles west of Berlin in Zossen, Germany.
• Zug — platoon or train.
• Zugführer — platoon leader
• Zugtruppführer — platoon HQ section leader
• Zur besonderen Verwendung (z.b.V.) — for special employment. Sometimes a killing squad/unit, but also used for divisions raised for special reasons (e.g., the Division zbV Afrika).
• Zyklon-B — commercial name for the prussic acid (hydrocyanic acid) gas used in German extermination camps.

List of German military ranks

Approximate ranks relative to US ranks:

• Reichsmarschall – "Marshal of the Empire", the highest rank in the German armed forces during World War II (specifically created for Hermann Göring to distinguish him from the other field marshals). Equivalent to General of the Armies of the United States
• Generalfeldmarschall – General of the Army during World War II.
• Generaloberst – General, literally "highest" or "supreme general", usually translated "Colonel-general"; not used in the Bundeswehr
• General der Infanterie, Kavallerie, etc. – General (before 1956 equivalent to US Lieutenant General)
• Generalleutnant – Lieutenant-General (before 1956 equivalent to US Major General)
• Generalmajor – Major-General (before 1956 equivalent to US Brigadier General)
• Brigadegeneral – Brigadier General; not used prior to the Bundeswehr
• Oberst – Colonel, literally "highest"
• Oberstleutnant – Lieutenant Colonel
• Major – Major
• Hauptmann/Rittmeister – Captain
• Oberleutnant – First Lieutenant
• Leutnant – (Second) Lieutenant
• Oberstabsfeldwebel/Oberstabsbootsmann – (Senior NCO)
• Stabsfeldwebel/Hauptbootsmann – Master Sergeant (Senior NCO)
• Oberfeldwebel/Bootsmannsmaat – Technical Sergeant (Senior NCO)
• Fähnrich/Oberfähnrich – no perfect equivalent. Senior Officer Cadet with something like warrant officer status, used in functions like Ensign, passed Midshipman or 2nd Lieutenant but not commissioned.
• Fahnenjunker – no perfect equivalent. Most junior Officer Cadet with sergeant (US) or corporal (UK) status.
• Feldwebel/Wachtmeister/Bootsmann – Staff Sergeant (Senior NCO)
• Unterfeldwebel – Sergeant; formerly called Sergeant prior to 1921 (not in use in the Bundeswehr^[2])
• Stabsunteroffizer/Obermaat (Junior NCO)
• Unteroffizier/Maat – Corporal (Junior NCO) (since the Bundeswehr more comparable to Petty Officer)
• Oberstabsgefreiter – (enlisted personnel); not used prior to the Bundeswehr.
• Stabsgefreiter – (enlisted personnel)
• Hauptgefreiter – (enlisted personnel); not used prior to the Bundeswehr.
• Obergefreiter – Lance-Corporal (enlisted personnel)
• Gefreiter – Private First Class (enlisted personnel)
• Obergrenadier/Oberschütze – Senior Private (not in use in the Bundeswehr^[2])
• Grenadier/Schütze/Matrose/Flieger/Sanitäter – Private (enlisted personnel)

For additional comparisons, see Comparative military ranks of World War II.

List of military operations

The German term for "Operation" is Unternehmen, literally "undertaking".

• Adlerangriffe (Eagle Attack) series of raids against Royal Air Force (RAF).
• Adlertag — Eagle Day; day one of intense raiding against RAF 13 August 1940 known as Operation Eagle Attack (postponed from 10 August).
• Anton — occupation of Vichy France, November 1942; later known as Atilla.
• Atilla — occupation of Vichy France, November 1942 (previously, Anton).
• Aufbau Ost — Eastern Buildup; build-up of arms prior to the invasion of the Soviet Union.
• Barbarossa — invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941. Barbarossa, or "Red Beard" was the nickname for Emperor Frederick I, who attempted to unify Germanic states in the 12th century.
• Bernhard — scheme to counterfeit British bank notes and put them into circulation; begun in 1942.
• Bodenplatte — Base Plate; air offensive against Allied airfields in north-western Europe, New Year's Day 1945.
• Eiche — Oak; mission to rescue Benito Mussolini by Fallschirmjäger led by Skorzeny.
• Eisenhammer - Iron Hammer, planned strategic bombing raid on Soviet electric power generation water turbines, potentially knocking out three-quarters of all western Soviet electrical generation capacity, never carried out
• Fall Blau - Case Blue; summer offensive in Southern Russia.
• Fall Gelb — Case Yellow; invasion of the Netherlands, Belgium and France.
• Fall Grün — Case Green; intended invasion of Czechoslovakia.
• Fall Rot — Case Red; counterstrike against France in the event of an attack from the West.
• Fall Weiß — Case White; invasion of Poland.
• Felix — plan to capture Gibraltar in 1941. It never took place.
• Fischfang — Fish Trap; counterattack on the Allied beachhead at Anzio in February 1944.
• Greif — Griffin; dropping of English-speaking troops wearing American uniforms behind the Allied lines in the Ardennes, prior to the Battle of the Bulge.
• Herbstnebel — Autumn Mist; offensive in the Ardennes, December 1944. Better known as the Battle of the Ardennes.
• Herkules — projected invasion of Malta by Fallschirmjäger and the Navy. Never executed.
• Kathrin — Plan to help the Irish Republican Army to commit terrorism and disrupt British internal security.
• Merkur — Mercury (the planet or the Roman god, not the metal); airborne invasion of Crete 1941.
• Nordlicht — Northern Lights; attack on Leningrad in 1942.
• Nordwind — North Wind; counteroffensive in Alsace and Lorraine in January 1945.
• Panzerfaust — Armored Fist; the October 1944 mission to kidnap Miklós Horthy Jr, son of Hungarian Regent Admiral Miklós Horthy.
• Paukenschlag — Drumroll or Drumbeat; offensive against Allied shipping in US and Caribbean waters in the first half of 1942.
• Pastorius — U-boat operation involving U-202 and U-548 setting 8 agents ashore in the USA in June 1942.
• Reinhard — covername for the entire process of building extermination camps, deportation of Jews first to ghettos, then to the concentration camps for extermination and incineration. Named for SD chief Reinhard Heydrich.
• Seelöwe — Sea Lion; projected amphibious assault on Great Britain in 1940/41. It never took place.
• Stösser — parachute drop on evening of 16 December 1944; purpose was to seize a crossroads for Kampfgruppe Peiper during the Germans' Ardennes Offensive.
• Strafgericht — "punishment" air attacks on Belgrade, April 1941.
• Taifun — Typhoon; push towards Moscow in September 1941.
• Tannenbaum — "fir-tree"; projected invasion of Switzerland in 1940. Never carried out.
• Tiger — advance through the Maginot Line on the French border in June 1940.
• Wacht am Rhein — "Guard on the Rhine"; the December 1944 Ardennes offensive, known by Americans as the Battle of the Bulge.
• Walküre — Valkyrie Officially a Reserve Army contingency plan to restore law and order in the event a disruption caused by the Allied bombing of German cities caused a breakdown in law and order, or a rising by the millions of forced laborers German factories. Was, in fact, a major part of the failed July 20 Plot to arrest SS and other Nazi officials and seize control of the German government.
• Weserübung — Weser Exercise (commonly, Water Exercise); invasion of Denmark and Norway, 9 April 1940
• Wintergewitter — Winter Gale; unsuccessful attempt to relieve the 6th Army at Stalingrad in December 1942.
• Zitadelle — Citadel; attack on Soviet salient at Kursk, July 1943.

See also

• Glossary of Nazi Germany
• Weimar paramilitary groups
• Ranks and Insignia of the German Army in World War II
• Ranks and insignia of the Schutzstaffel
• Comparative military ranks of World War II
• List of SS personnel

Notes

References

• Andrew, Stephen; Thomas, Nigel; The German Army 1939-45: Blitzkrieg. Osprey Publishing Lt., 1999.
• Bidermann, Gottlob Herbert. In Deadly Combat: A German Soldier's Memoir of the Eastern Front. Kansas, University Press of Kansas. (2001): ISBN 0-7006-1122-3.
• Rottman, Gordon L. "FUBAR: Soldier Slang of World War II". London, Osprey Publishing. (2007): ISBN 978-1-84603-175-5. (Contains German slang chapter.)
• Sajer, Guy; The Forgotten Soldier. Brassey's Inc. (2001): ISBN 1-57488-286-4. Excellent, personal telling of a regular German soldier's experience of the Eastern Front in World War II.
• Shirer, William; The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. Simon & Schuster. (1990): ISBN 0-671-72868-7.

External links

• AFRIKAKORPS.Org German WWII Abbreviation List
• Luftarchiv.de List of Luftwaffe abbreviations
• Luftwaffe Ranks & their abbreviations
• Handbook on German Military Forces p. 34