| Roßlau | |
| Stadtteil of Dessau-Roßlau | |
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Roßlau
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| Coordinates | |
| Administration | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Saxony-Anhalt |
| District | Urban district |
| Town | Dessau-Roßlau |
| Basic statistics | |
| Area | 61.80 km2 (23.86 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 58 m (190 ft) |
| Population | 13,930 (30 June 2006) |
| - Density | 225 /km2 (584 /sq mi) |
| Other information | |
| Time zone | CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2) |
| Licence plate | AZE |
| Postal code | 06862 |
| Area code | 034901 |
| Website | www.rosslau.de |
Roßlau (also: Rosslau) is a town in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, part of the town Dessau-Roßlau. It is situated on the right bank of the Elbe, here crossed by two railway bridges, 3 m. by rail N. of Dessau and 35 m. S.E. of Magdeburg. Pop. (2005) 13,939. It has a ducal residence, an old castle, a handsome parish church, and manufactures of machinery, paper, sealing-wax, wire goods, sugar, bricks and chemicals. Roßlau became a town in 1603.
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On 1 July 2007 the town Roßlau was consolidated with the town Dessau. Together they are named Dessau-Roßlau. The mayor of the new town is Klemens Koschig (elected on April 22, 2007).
The town “Rozelowe“ was first documented in 1215. In 1359 “Dat borchlen zu Rozlau” was mentioned. The name is of Dutch heritage and suggests the foundation and the settlement of Roßlau by inhabitants of the Dutch town Reuzel in North Brabant.
The construction of the bridge over the Elbe River occurred in 1583 and just 20 years later the town was chartered and received its right to hold markets. During the Thirty Years' War the bridge was a scene of a battle. A few years later, in 1631, the bridge was destroyed. Six years after that, imperial soldiers burned down the town; in 1717 the town was in flames again. In 1740 the town hall and castle were built. From 1765-1767 Roßlau was a point of origin for colonial crusades of the Russian Tsarina Catherine the Great, a princess of the principality of Anhalt-Zerbst. In 1806 fleeing Prussians set the Elbe-bridge on fire again. From 1836-1838 Henry, Duke of Anhalt-Köthen prompted the renovation of the deteriorating medieval castle in a gothic and romantic fashion.
In the following years the connection to the network of the Berlin-Anhalt Railway Company, the foundation of fabrics, newspapers and shipyards took place. In 1907 the tramline between Dessau and Roßlau was put into operation.
In fall 1933 the National Socialist government of Anhalt setup one of the early concentration camps in the former Volkshaus in the Hauptstraße 51 in which predominantly members of the Communist Party (KPD) and Social Democratic Party (SPD) were detained and deviled. In summer 1934 the concentration camp was closed. The remaining inmates were transferred to the concentration camp in Lichtenburg.
Aiding the town of Dessau in becoming the capital of the district, the town Roßlau (Elbe) was suburbanized into Dessau from the 1st of April 1935 to the 1st of April 1946 which gave the town the required number of 100,000 inhabitants.
Until 1991 Roßlau was the base of the 7th armored division of the Soviet forces in Germany.
The Elbe-flood from 2002 exceeded the Elbe-flood from 1845.
The moated castle of Roßlau is very popular location for Open-Air Events and Stage Plays. The annual This is Ska Festival takes part in the castle since 1997. There's also a Country Festival offering Liveacts, Linedance and a Western Casino. The Knight Dinner is a popular event too.
The European Village was built after an architectural competition from 1993 to 1996. Architect's offices from Germany, the Netherlands, Austria, Hungary, Finland and France created the plans and a few conspicuous buildings were built. Other places to see are the "Öhlmühle" (Oil Mill) and St. Mary's City Church.
The "Bundesstrassen" B184 and B187 go through Roßlau. Roßlau also has a main train station with connections to Dessau, Magdeburg, Berlin, Halle, Bitterfeld and Lutherstadt Wittenberg.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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