| Riograndenser Hunsrückisch | |
|---|---|
| Hunsrik | |
| Pronunciation | [χunsɾɪk] |
| Spoken in | Brazil |
| Native speakers | 3 million + (date missing) |
| Language family |
Indo-European
|
| Writing system | Latin alphabet |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | hrx |
Riograndenser Hunsrückisch (Portuguese: hunsriqueano riograndense, English: Hunsrik, Hunsriker or Rio Grand Hunsriker), spoken in parts of Brazil, is a Brazilian West Germanic language derived primarily from the Hunsrückisch dialect of the German Language.
Riograndenser Hunsrückisch developed from the Hunsrückisch dialect when immigrants from the Hunsrück region of Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate) settled in southern regions such as Rio Grande do Sul.
While primarily based upon the Hunsrückisch branch of the German language it has also been greatly influenced by other German dialects such as Pommersch-Platt, Plautdietsch), Indian languages such as Kaingang and Guarani, and to a lesser extent by other immigrant languages such as Portuguese, Italian, Talian.
Portuguese expressions and words are commonly imported into Riograndenser Hunsrückisch, particularly in reference to fauna and flora (which are different from that of Germany) and to technological innovations that did not exist when the original immigrants came to Brazil, leading to words like Aviong (for airplane, instead of Flugzeug), Kamiong (truck), Televisaum, etc. Daily expressions are often literal translations of Portuguese, such as Alles gut? (literally "everything good?", modeled after the Portuguese "tudo bem", instead of the German "wie geht's").
Also common are the use of German suffixes attached to Portuguese words, such as Canecachen, "little mug", from Portuguese caneca, "mug", and German diminutive suffix chen; hybrid forms such as Schuhloja, "shoe shop", from German Schuh and Portuguese loja, and Germanized forms of Portuguese verbs: lembrieren, "to remember"; namorieren "to flirt"; respondieren, "to answer". However, regardless of these borrowings, its grammar and vocabulary are still largely German.
Although Riograndenser Hunsrückisch is the most common German dialect in south Brazil, the use of this language - particularly in the last three to four generations - continues to decrease.
Contents |
| Spelling | A | AA | AY | AU | E | EE | Ë | EU | I | II | O | OO | OE | U | UU |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pronounciation | /a/ | /ɑ/ | /ai/ | /au/ | /ɛ/ | /ɛɪ/ | /eɪ/ | /ey/ | /ɪ/ | /i/ | /o~ɔ/ | /ø/ | /øy/ | /u/ | /y/ |
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | P/p/ - B/b/ | T/t/ - D/d/ | Kh/k/ - K/g/ | |||||
| Affricate | Ph /pf/ | Ts /ts/ | Ti /tʃ/ - Di /dʒ/ | |||||
| Fricative | F /f/ - W /v/ | S /s/ - Z /z/ | X /ʃ/ - J /ʒ/ | Ch~H/χ~x/ | H /h/ | |||
| Nasal | M /m/ | N /n/ | Ng~N /ŋ/ | |||||
| Approximant | L /l/ | Y /j/ | ||||||
| Rhotic | R /ɾ/ |
Chapter 23, 1-5 of Luke's Gospel in Riograndenser Hunsruekisch, according to Dr. Ursula Wiesemann's orthography:
Yeesus un Pilatos
23 Too sin ti kanse layt uf kextii, hon Yeesus pis Pilatos kenom un hon aan kefang aan se këwe un saare: 2 Mëyer hon too te man aan ketrof unser folek am uf hëtse. Tee is te keeche em khayser xtayer petsaale un saat wëyer te Mësiias un Kheenich. 3 Too hot te Pilatos kefroot: Pixt tu te Yute sayne Kheenich? Is woer, hot Yeesus keantwort. 4 Too hot Pilatos fer te hooche priister un tsum folek kesaat: Ich khan khee xult an tëm man fine! 5 Awer tii hon aan kehal un hon kesaat: Tee tuut unortnung aan richte unich em folek mit sayn untricht iweraal in Yuteeya. In Kalileeya hot er aan kefang, un yëts is er too pay uns.
(23 Then the whole company of them arose, and brought him before Pilate. 2 And they began to accuse him, saying, "We found this man perverting our nation, and forbidding us to give tribute to Caesar, and saying that he himself is Christ a king." 3 And Pilate asked him, "Are you the King of the Jews?" And he answered him, "You have said so." 4 And Pilate said to the chief priests and the multitudes, "I find no crime in this man." 5 But they were urgent, saying, "He stirs up the people, teaching throughout all Judea, from Galilee even to this place.")
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