RHCG

Rh family, C glycoprotein

Identifiers

RHCG; C15orf6; PDRC2; RHGK; SLC42A3

External IDs

OMIM: 605381 MGI: 1888517 HomoloGene: 32310 GeneCards: RHCG Gene

Gene Ontology
Molecular function	• ammonium transmembrane transporter activity • ammonium transmembrane transporter activity • ammonium transmembrane transporter activity • ankyrin binding • ammonia transmembrane transporter activity
Cellular component	• plasma membrane • plasma membrane • integral to plasma membrane • basolateral plasma membrane • apical plasma membrane • cytoplasmic vesicle
Biological process	• cellular ion homeostasis • regulation of pH • ammonium transport • ammonium transport • amine transport • epithelial cell differentiation • homeostatic process • transmembrane transport • transepithelial ammonium transport • ammonium transmembrane transport • ammonium transmembrane transport • ammonium transmembrane transport
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

n/a

RefSeq (mRNA)

RefSeq (protein)

Location (UCSC)

Chr 15:
90 – 90.04 Mb

Chr 7:
86.74 – 86.76 Mb

PubMed search

[1]

[2]

Rh family, C glycoprotein, also known as RHCG, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the RHCG gene.^[1]^[2]

Function

RHCG plays a critical role in ammonium handling and pH homeostasis in the kidney.^[3] The structure of the RHCG protein, PDB entry 3hd6, indicates that it has a hydrophobic ammonia-conducting channel and shows that it shares a common fold with the ammonia transporters, thus making it an ammonia transporter.^[4]

References

^ "Entrez Gene: RHCG Rh family, C glycoprotein". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=51458.
^ Liu Z, Chen Y, Mo R, Hui C, Cheng JF, Mohandas N, Huang CH (August 2000). "Characterization of human RhCG and mouse Rhcg as novel nonerythroid Rh glycoprotein homologues predominantly expressed in kidney and testis". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (33): 25641–51. doi:10.1074/jbc.M003353200. PMID 10852913.
^ Biver S, Belge H, Bourgeois S, Van Vooren P, Nowik M, Scohy S, Houillier P, Szpirer J, Szpirer C, Wagner CA, Devuyst O, Marini AM (November 2008). "A role for Rhesus factor Rhcg in renal ammonium excretion and male fertility". Nature 456 (7220): 339–43. doi:10.1038/nature07518. PMID 19020613.
^ Gruswitz, F.; Chaudhary, S.; Ho, J. D.; Schlessinger, A.; Pezeshki, B.; Ho, C. -M.; Sali, A.; Westhoff, C. M. et al. (2010). "Function of human Rh based on structure of RhCG at 2.1 A". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107 (21): 9638–9643. doi:10.1073/pnas.1003587107. PMC 2906887. PMID 20457942. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2906887. edit

Bakouh N, Benjelloun F, Cherif-Zahar B, Planelles G (2006). "The challenge of understanding ammonium homeostasis and the role of the Rh glycoproteins.". Transfusion clinique et biologique : journal de la Société française de transfusion sanguine 13 (1-2): 139–46. doi:10.1016/j.tracli.2006.02.008. PMID 16564724.
Zidi-Yahiaoui N, Ripoche P, Le Van Kim C, et al. (2006). "Ammonium transport properties of HEK293 cells expressing RhCG mutants: preliminary analysis of structure/function by site-directed mutagenesis.". Transfusion clinique et biologique : journal de la Société française de transfusion sanguine 13 (1-2): 128–31. doi:10.1016/j.tracli.2006.02.025. PMID 16580862.
Ridgwell K, Spurr NK, Laguda B, et al. (1992). "Isolation of cDNA clones for a 50 kDa glycoprotein of the human erythrocyte membrane associated with Rh (rhesus) blood-group antigen expression.". Biochem. J. 287 ( Pt 1): 223–8. PMC 1133147. PMID 1417776. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1133147.
Liu Z, Chen Y, Mo R, et al. (2000). "Characterization of human RhCG and mouse Rhcg as novel nonerythroid Rh glycoprotein homologues predominantly expressed in kidney and testis.". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (33): 25641–51. doi:10.1074/jbc.M003353200. PMID 10852913.
Marini AM, Matassi G, Raynal V, et al. (2000). "The human Rhesus-associated RhAG protein and a kidney homologue promote ammonium transport in yeast.". Nat. Genet. 26 (3): 341–4. doi:10.1038/81656. PMID 11062476.
Chen BS, Xu ZX, Xu X, et al. (2002). "RhCG is downregulated in oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas, but expressed in multiple squamous epithelia.". Eur. J. Cancer 38 (14): 1927–36. doi:10.1016/S0959-8049(02)00190-9. PMID 12204676.
Verlander JW, Miller RT, Frank AE, et al. (2003). "Localization of the ammonium transporter proteins RhBG and RhCG in mouse kidney.". Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 284 (2): F323–37. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00050.2002. PMID 12388412.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139241.
Nicolas V, Le Van Kim C, Gane P, et al. (2003). "Rh-RhAG/ankyrin-R, a new interaction site between the membrane bilayer and the red cell skeleton, is impaired by Rh(null)-associated mutation.". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (28): 25526–33. doi:10.1074/jbc.M302816200. PMID 12719424.
Hemker MB, Cheroutre G, van Zwieten R, et al. (2003). "The Rh complex exports ammonium from human red blood cells.". Br. J. Haematol. 122 (2): 333–40. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.2003.04425.x. PMID 12846905.
Bakouh N, Benjelloun F, Hulin P, et al. (2004). "NH3 is involved in the NH4+ transport induced by the functional expression of the human Rh C glycoprotein.". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (16): 15975–83. doi:10.1074/jbc.M308528200. PMID 14761968.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=528928.
Zidi-Yahiaoui N, Mouro-Chanteloup I, D'Ambrosio AM, et al. (2006). "Human Rhesus B and Rhesus C glycoproteins: properties of facilitated ammonium transport in recombinant kidney cells.". Biochem. J. 391 (Pt 1): 33–40. doi:10.1042/BJ20050657. PMC 1237136. PMID 15929723. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1237136.
Huang CH, Peng J (2005). "Evolutionary conservation and diversification of Rh family genes and proteins.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102 (43): 15512–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.0507886102. PMC 1266151. PMID 16227429. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1266151.
Marini AM, Boeckstaens M, Benjelloun F, et al. (2006). "Structural involvement in substrate recognition of an essential aspartate residue conserved in Mep/Amt and Rh-type ammonium transporters.". Curr. Genet. 49 (6): 364–74. doi:10.1007/s00294-006-0062-5. PMID 16477434.

Membrane proteins, carrier proteins: membrane transport proteins solute carrier (TC 2A)

By group

SLC1–10

(1) high affinity glutamate and neutral amino-acid transporter (SLC1A1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7)

(2) facilitative GLUT transporter (SLC2A1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14)

(3) heavy subunits of heterodimeric amino-acid transporters (SLC3A1, 2)

(4) bicarbonate transporter (SLC4A1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11)

(5) sodium glucose cotransporter (SLC5A1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12)

(6) sodium- and chloride- dependent sodium:neurotransmitter symporters (SLC6A1, SLC6A2, SLC6A3, SLC6A4, SLC6A5, SLC6A6, SLC6A7, SLC6A8, SLC6A9, SLC6A10, SLC6A11, SLC6A12, SLC6A13, SLC6A14, SLC6A15, SLC6A16, SLC6A17, SLC6A18, SLC6A19, SLC6A20)

(7) cationic amino-acid transporter/glycoprotein-associated (SLC7A1, SLC7A2, SLC7A3, SLC7A4) glycoprotein-associated/light or catalytic subunits of heterodimeric amino-acid transporters (SLC7A5, SLC7A6, SLC7A7, SLC7A8, SLC7A9, SLC7A10, SLC7A11, SLC7A13, SLC7A14)

(8) Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (SLC8A1, SLC8A2, SLC8A3)

(9) Na+/H+ exchanger (SLC9A1, SLC9A2, SLC9A3, SLC9A4, SLC9A5, SLC9A6, SLC9A7, SLC9A8, SLC9A9, SLC9A10, SLC9A11)

(10) sodium bile salt cotransport (SLC10A1, SLC10A2, SLC10A3, SLC10A4, SLC10A5, SLC10A6, SLC10A7); 10A1 · 10A2 · 10A3 · 10A7

SLC11–20

(11) proton coupled metal ion transporter (SLC11A1, SLC11A2) 11A3

(12) electroneutral cation-Cl cotransporter (SLC12A1, SLC12A1, SLC12A2, SLC12A3, SLC12A4, SLC12A5, SLC12A6, SLC12A7, SLC12A8, SLC12A9)

(13) human Na+-sulfate/carboxylate cotransporter (SLC13A1, SLC13A2, SLC13A3, SLC13A4, SLC13A5)

(14) urea transporter (SLC14A1, SLC14A2)

(15) proton oligopeptide cotransporter (SLC15A1, SLC15A2, SLC15A3, SLC15A4)

(16) monocarboxylate transporter (SLC16A1, SLC16A2, SLC16A3, SLC16A4, SLC16A5, SLC16A6, SLC16A7, SLC16A8, SLC16A9, SLC16A10, SLC16A11, SLC16A12, SLC16A13, SLC16A14)

(17) vesicular glutamate transporter (SLC17A1, SLC17A2, SLC17A3, SLC17A4, SLC17A5, SLC17A6, SLC17A7, SLC17A8, SLC17A9)

(18) vesicular amine transporter (SLC18A1, SLC18A2, SLC18A3)

(19) folate/thiamine transporter (SLC19A1, SLC19A2, SLC19A3)

(20) type III Na+-phosphate cotransporter (SLC20A1, SLC20A2)

SLC21–30

(21) organic anion transporting (SLCO1A2, SLCO1B1, SLCO1B3, SLCO1B4, SLCO1C1) (SLCO2A1, SLCO2B1) (SLCO3A1) (SLCO4A1, SLCO4C1) (SLCO5A1) (SLCO6A1)

(22) organic cation/anion/zwitterion transporter (SLC22A1, SLC22A2, SLC22A3, SLC22A4, SLC22A5, SLC22A6, SLC22A7, SLC22A8, SLC22A9, SLC22A10, SLC22A11, SLC22A12, SLC22A13, SLC22A14, SLC22A15, SLC22A16, SLC22A17, SLC22A18, SLC22A19, SLC22A20)

(23) Na+-dependent ascorbic acid transporter (SLC23A1, SLC23A2, SLC23A3, SLC23A4)

(24) Na+/(Ca2+-K+) exchanger (SLC24A1, SLC24A2, SLC24A3, SLC24A4, SLC24A5, SLC24A6)

(25) mitochondrial carrier (SLC25A1, SLC25A2, SLC25A3, SLC25A4, SLC25A5, SLC25A6, SLC25A7, SLC25A8, SLC25A9, SLC25A10, SLC25A11, SLC25A12, SLC25A13, SLC25A14, SLC25A15, SLC25A16, SLC25A17, SLC25A18, SLC25A19, SLC25A20, SLC25A21, SLC25A22, SLC25A23, SLC25A24, SLC25A25, SLC25A26, SLC25A27, SLC25A28, SLC25A29, SLC25A30, SLC25A31, SLC25A32, SLC25A33, SLC25A34, SLC25A35, SLC25A36, SLC25A37, SLC25A38, SLC25A39, SLC25A40, SLC25A41, SLC25A42, SLC25A43, SLC25A44, SLC25A45, SLC25A46)

(26) multifunctional anion exchanger (SLC26A1, SLC26A2, SLC26A3, SLC26A4, SLC26A5, SLC26A6, SLC26A7, SLC26A8, SLC26A9, SLC26A10, SLC26A11)

(27) fatty acid transport proteins (SLC27A1, SLC27A2, SLC27A3, SLC27A4, SLC27A5, SLC27A6)

(28) Na+-coupled nucleoside transport (SLC28A1, SLC28A2, SLC28A3

(29) facilitative nucleoside transporter (SLC29A1, SLC29A2, SLC29A3, SLC29A4)

(30) zinc efflux (SLC30A1, SLC30A2, SLC30A3, SLC30A4, SLC30A5, SLC30A6, SLC30A7, SLC30A8, SLC30A9, SLC30A10)

SLC31–40

(31) copper transporter (SLC31A1)

(32) vesicular inhibitory amino-acid transporter (SLC32A1)

(33) Acetyl-CoA transporter (SLC33A1)

(34) type II Na+-phosphate cotransporter (SLC34A1, SLC34A2, SLC34A3)

(35) nucleoside-sugar transporter (SLC35A1, SLC35A2, SLC35A3, SLC35A4, SLC35A5) (SLC35B1, SLC35B2, SLC35B3, SLC35B4) (SLC35C1, SLC35C2) (SLC35D1, SLC35D2, SLC35D3) (SLC35E1, SLC35E2, SLC35E3, SLC35E4)

(36) proton-coupled amino-acid transporter (SLC36A1, SLC36A2, SLC36A3, SLC36A4)36A2 ·

(37) sugar-phosphate/phosphate exchanger (SLC37A1, SLC37A2, SLC37A3, SLC37A4)

(38) System A & N, sodium-coupled neutral amino-acid transporter (SLC38A1, SLC38A2, SLC38A3, SLC38A4, SLC38A5, SLC38A6, SLC38A10)

(39) metal ion transporter (SLC39A1, SLC39A2, SLC39A3, SLC39A4, SLC39A5, SLC39A6, SLC39A7, SLC39A8, SLC39A9, SLC39A10, SLC39A11, SLC39A12, SLC39A13, SLC39A14)

(40) basolateral iron transporter (SLC40A1)

SLC41–48

(41) MgtE-like magnesium transporter (SLC41A1, SLC41A2, SLC41A3)

(42) Ammonia transporter (RhAG, RhBG, RhCG)

(43) Na+-independent, system-L like amino-acid transporter (SLC43A1, SLC43A2, SLC43A3)

(44) Choline-like transporter (SLC44A1, SLC44A2, SLC44A3, SLC44A4, SLC44A5)

(45) Putative sugar transporter (SLC45A1, SLC45A2, SLC54A3, SLC45A4)

(46) Folate transporter (SLC46A1, SLC46A2)

(47) multidrug and toxin extrusion (SLC47A1, SLC47A2)

(48) Heme transporter

SLCO1–4

O1A2 · O1B1 · O1B3 · O2B1 · O431 · O4A1

Ion pumps

Symporter, Cotransporter	Na+/K+/2Cl- - Na/Pi3 - Na+/Cl- - Na/glucose - Na+/I- - Cl-/K+ (4, 5)

Antiporter (exchanger)	Na+/H+ - Na+/Ca2+ (Na+/(Ca2+-K+)) - Cl-/HCO3- (Band 3) - Cl-formate exchanger - Cl-oxalate exchanger

see also solute carrier disorders
B memb: cead, trns (1A, 1C, 1F, 2A, 3A1, 3A2-3, 3D), othr

RHCG

Function

References

Further reading