RALGDS
Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RALGDS gene.[1][2]
Interactions
RALGDS has been shown to interact with RRAS,[3] RAP2A,[4] RAP1A,[5][4] KRAS,[6][3] RAPGEF2,[3] MRAS,[7][8] HRAS,[9][6][5][1][10][3][11][12] Arrestin beta 2[13] and Arrestin beta 1.[13]
References
- ^ a b Hofer F, Fields S, Schneider C, Martin GS (Dec 1994). "Activated Ras interacts with the Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91 (23): 11089–93. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.23.11089. PMC 45172. PMID 7972015. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=45172.
- ^ "Entrez Gene: RALGDS ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5900.
- ^ a b c d Spaargaren, M; Bischoff J R (Dec. 1994). "Identification of the guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator for Ral as a putative effector molecule of R-ras, H-ras, K-ras, and Rap". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (UNITED STATES) 91 (26): 12609–13. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.26.12609. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 45488. PMID 7809086. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=45488.
- ^ a b Nancy, V; Wolthuis R M, de Tand M F, Janoueix-Lerosey I, Bos J L, de Gunzburg J (Mar. 1999). "Identification and characterization of potential effector molecules of the Ras-related GTPase Rap2". J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 274 (13): 8737–45. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.13.8737. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 10085114.
- ^ a b Boettner, B; Govek E E, Cross J, Van Aelst L (Aug. 2000). "The junctional multidomain protein AF-6 is a binding partner of the Rap1A GTPase and associates with the actin cytoskeletal regulator profilin". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (UNITED STATES) 97 (16): 9064–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.16.9064. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 16822. PMID 10922060. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=16822.
- ^ a b Li, W; Han M, Guan K L (Apr. 2000). "The leucine-rich repeat protein SUR-8 enhances MAP kinase activation and forms a complex with Ras and Raf". Genes Dev. (UNITED STATES) 14 (8): 895–900. ISSN 0890-9369. PMC 316541. PMID 10783161. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=316541.
- ^ Kimmelman, A; Tolkacheva T, Lorenzi M V, Osada M, Chan A M (Nov. 1997). "Identification and characterization of R-ras3: a novel member of the RAS gene family with a non-ubiquitous pattern of tissue distribution". Oncogene (ENGLAND) 15 (22): 2675–85. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201674. ISSN 0950-9232. PMID 9400994.
- ^ Ehrhardt, G R; Leslie K B, Lee F, Wieler J S, Schrader J W (Oct. 1999). "M-Ras, a widely expressed 29-kD homologue of p21 Ras: expression of a constitutively active mutant results in factor-independent growth of an interleukin-3-dependent cell line". Blood (UNITED STATES) 94 (7): 2433–44. ISSN 0006-4971. PMID 10498616.
- ^ Mitin, Natalia Y; Ramocki Melissa B, Zullo Alfred J, Der Channing J, Konieczny Stephen F, Taparowsky Elizabeth J (May. 2004). "Identification and characterization of rain, a novel Ras-interacting protein with a unique subcellular localization". J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 279 (21): 22353–61. doi:10.1074/jbc.M312867200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 15031288.
- ^ Miller, M J; Prigent S, Kupperman E, Rioux L, Park S H, Feramisco J R, White M A, Rutkowski J L, Meinkoth J L (Feb. 1997). "RalGDS functions in Ras- and cAMP-mediated growth stimulation". J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 272 (9): 5600–5. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.9.5600. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 9038168.
- ^ Rodriguez-Viciana, P; Warne P H, Khwaja A, Marte B M, Pappin D, Das P, Waterfield M D, Ridley A, Downward J (May. 1997). "Role of phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase in cell transformation and control of the actin cytoskeleton by Ras". Cell (UNITED STATES) 89 (3): 457–67. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80226-3. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 9150145.
- ^ Stang, S; Bottorff D, Stone J C (Jun. 1997). "Interaction of activated Ras with Raf-1 alone may be sufficient for transformation of rat2 cells". Mol. Cell. Biol. (UNITED STATES) 17 (6): 3047–55. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 232157. PMID 9154803. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=232157.
- ^ a b Bhattacharya, Moshmi; Anborgh Pieter H, Babwah Andy V, Dale Lianne B, Dobransky Tomas, Benovic Jeffery L, Feldman Ross D, Verdi Joseph M, Rylett R Jane, Ferguson Stephen S G (Aug. 2002). "Beta-arrestins regulate a Ral-GDS Ral effector pathway that mediates cytoskeletal reorganization". Nat. Cell Biol. (England) 4 (8): 547–55. doi:10.1038/ncb821. ISSN 1465-7392. PMID 12105416.
Further reading
- Spaargaren M, Bischoff JR (1995). "Identification of the guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator for Ral as a putative effector molecule of R-ras, H-ras, K-ras, and Rap". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (26): 12609–13. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.26.12609. PMC 45488. PMID 7809086. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=45488.
- Albright CF, Giddings BW, Liu J et al. (1993). "Characterization of a guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator for a ras-related GTPase". EMBO J. 12 (1): 339–47. PMC 413211. PMID 8094051. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=413211.
- Urano T, Emkey R, Feig LA (1996). "Ral-GTPases mediate a distinct downstream signaling pathway from Ras that facilitates cellular transformation". EMBO J. 15 (4): 810–6. PMC 450279. PMID 8631302. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=450279.
- Miller MJ, Prigent S, Kupperman E et al. (1997). "RalGDS functions in Ras- and cAMP-mediated growth stimulation". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (9): 5600–5. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.9.5600. PMID 9038168.
- Fukunaga R, Hunter T (1997). "MNK1, a new MAP kinase-activated protein kinase, isolated by a novel expression screening method for identifying protein kinase substrates". EMBO J. 16 (8): 1921–33. doi:10.1093/emboj/16.8.1921. PMC 1169795. PMID 9155018. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1169795.
- Geyer M, Herrmann C, Wohlgemuth S et al. (1997). "Structure of the Ras-binding domain of RalGEF and implications for Ras binding and signalling". Nat. Struct. Biol. 4 (9): 694–9. doi:10.1038/nsb0997-694. PMID 9302994.
- Humphrey D, Kwiatkowska J, Henske EP et al. (1997). "Cloning and evaluation of RALGDS as a candidate for the tuberous sclerosis gene TSC1". Ann. Hum. Genet. 61 (Pt 4): 299–305. doi:10.1046/j.1469-1809.1997.6140299.x. PMID 9365783.
- Kimmelman A, Tolkacheva T, Lorenzi MV et al. (1998). "Identification and characterization of R-ras3: a novel member of the RAS gene family with a non-ubiquitous pattern of tissue distribution". Oncogene 15 (22): 2675–85. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201674. PMID 9400994.
- Shirouzu M, Morinaka K, Koyama S et al. (1998). "Interactions of the amino acid residue at position 31 of the c-Ha-Ras protein with Raf-1 and RalGDS". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (13): 7737–42. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.13.7737. PMID 9516482.
- Okada S, Matsuda M, Anafi M et al. (1998). "Insulin regulates the dynamic balance between Ras and Rap1 signaling by coordinating the assembly states of the Grb2-SOS and CrkII-C3G complexes". EMBO J. 17 (9): 2554–65. doi:10.1093/emboj/17.9.2554. PMC 1170597. PMID 9564038. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1170597.
- Nancy V, Wolthuis RM, de Tand MF et al. (1999). "Identification and characterization of potential effector molecules of the Ras-related GTPase Rap2". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (13): 8737–45. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.13.8737. PMID 10085114.
- Ehrhardt GR, Leslie KB, Lee F et al. (1999). "M-Ras, a widely expressed 29-kD homologue of p21 Ras: expression of a constitutively active mutant results in factor-independent growth of an interleukin-3-dependent cell line". Blood 94 (7): 2433–44. PMID 10498616.
- Shao H, Kadono-Okuda K, Finlin BS, Andres DA (1999). "Biochemical characterization of the Ras-related GTPases Rit and Rin". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 371 (2): 207–19. doi:10.1006/abbi.1999.1448. PMID 10545207.
- Zheng Q, Yu L, Zhao Y et al. (2000). "[Refined chromosome assignment of human novel H-RalGDS gene on chromosome 9q34.1 by using radiation hybrid genebridge 4 panel]". Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi 17 (1): 1–5. PMID 10653898.
- Nagase T, Kikuno R, Ishikawa KI et al. (2000). "Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XVI. The complete sequences of 150 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro". DNA Res. 7 (1): 65–73. doi:10.1093/dnares/7.1.65. PMID 10718198.
- Zheng Q, Yu L, Zhao Y et al. (2001). "Structure characterization of human RalGDS gene, and the identification of its novel variant". Mol. Biol. Rep. 27 (4): 209–16. doi:10.1023/A:1011043122220. PMID 11455956.
- Murphy GA, Graham SM, Morita S et al. (2002). "Involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, but not RalGDS, in TC21/R-Ras2-mediated transformation". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (12): 9966–75. doi:10.1074/jbc.M109059200. PMID 11788587.
- Ramírez de Molina A, Penalva V, Lucas L, Lacal JC (2002). "Regulation of choline kinase activity by Ras proteins involves Ral-GDS and PI3K". Oncogene 21 (6): 937–46. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1205144. PMID 11840339.
- Tian X, Rusanescu G, Hou W et al. (2002). "PDK1 mediates growth factor-induced Ral-GEF activation by a kinase-independent mechanism". EMBO J. 21 (6): 1327–38. doi:10.1093/emboj/21.6.1327. PMC 125928. PMID 11889038. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=125928.
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PDB gallery
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1lfd: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE ACTIVE RAS PROTEIN COMPLEXED WITH THE RAS-INTERACTING DOMAIN OF RALGDS
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1lxd: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE RAS INTERACTING DOMAIN OF RALGDS, A GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE DISSOCIATION STIMULATOR OF RAL PROTEIN
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1rax: RA-DOMAIN OF RAL GUANOSINE-NUCLEOTIDE DISSOCIATION STIMULATOR
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2b3a: Solution structure of the Ras-binding domain of the Ral Guanosine Dissociation Stimulator
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2rgf: RBD OF RAL GUANOSINE-NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE FACTOR (PROTEIN), NMR, 10 STRUCTURES
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