| Qinling Mountain Range | |
| Range | |
| Country | China |
|---|---|
| Region | Shaanxi Province |
| Highest point | Mount Taibai |
| - elevation | 3,767 m (12,359 ft) |
| - coordinates | |
The Qin Mountains (simplified Chinese: 秦岭; traditional Chinese: 秦嶺; pinyin: Qín Lǐng; Wade–Giles: Ch'in2 Ling3) are a major east-west mountain range in southern Shaanxi province, China. The mountains provide a natural boundary between the North and South of the country, and support a huge variety of plant and wildlife, some of which is found nowhere else on Earth.
To the north is the densely populated Wei River valley, an ancient center of Chinese civilization. To the south is the Han River valley. To the west is the line of mountains along the northern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. To the east are the lower Funiu Shan and Dabie Shan which rise out of the coastal plain.
The Northern side of the range is prone to hot weather, however the physical barrier of the mountains mean that the land to the North has a semi-arid climate, with the lack of rich, fertile landscape can not support a wealth of wildlife.[1] The mountains also acted as a natural defense against nomadic invasions from the North, as only four passes cross the mountains. In the late 1990s a railway tunnel and a spiral was completed, thereby easing travel across the range.[2]
The highest mountain in the range is Mount Taibai (太白山) at 3,767 metres (12,359 ft), which is about 100 kilometres (62 mi) West of the ancient Chinese capital of Xi'an[3] and is the highest mountain in eastern China. Mount Hua (华山) (2,155 metres (7,070 ft)), Mount Li (骊山/驪山) (1,302 metres (4,272 ft)), and Mount Maiji (麦积山) (1,742 metres (5,715 ft)) make up the three other significant peaks in the range.
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The environment of the Qin Mountains is that of the Qin Ling Mountains deciduous forests ecoregion.[4]
The Qin Mountains form the watershed between the Yellow River basin of northern China, which was historically home to deciduous broadleaf forests, and the Yangzi River basin of southern China, which has milder winters and more rainfall, and was historically home to warm temperate evergreen broadleaf forests.
The low-elevation forests of the foothills are dominated by temperate deciduous trees like oaks (Quercus acutissima, Q. variabilis), elm (Ulmus spp.), Common Walnut (Juglans regia), maple (Acer spp.), ash (Fraxinus spp.) and Celtis spp. Evergreen species of these low-elevation forests include broadleaf chinquapins (Castanopsis sclerophylla), ring-cupped oaks (Quercus glauca) and conifers like Pinus massoniana.[5]
At the middle elevations, conifers like Pinus armandii are mixed with broadleaf birch (Betula spp.) oak (Quercus spp.) and hornbeam (Carpinus spp.). From 2,600 to 3,000 meters elevation, these mid-elevation forests give way to a subalpine forests of fir (Abies fargesii, A. chensiensis), Cunninghamia, and birch (Betula spp.), with rhododendron (Rhododendron fastigiatum) abundant in the understory.[6]
The region is home to a large number of rare plants, of which around 3,000 have so far been documented.[7] Plant and tree species native to the region include Ginkgo, thought to be one of the oldest species of tree in the world, as well as Huashan or Armand Pine (Pinus armandii), Acer miaotaiense and Chinese Fir.[8] Timber harvesting reached a peak in the 18th century in the Qinling Mountains.[9]
They are home to the Qinling pandas, a sub-species of the giant panda, which are protected in the region with the help of the Changqing and Foping nature reserves.[10] Around 200 giant pandas live in the region, estimated at around a fifth of the entire wild giant panda population.[11] The mountains are also home to the Golden Takin (a species of Ox), Golden Pheasant, Golden Snub-nosed Monkey, Temminck's Tragopan, Crested Ibis, Golden Eagle, Blackthroat and Clouded Leopard.[12]
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