Qat is the principal god in the oral mythology of the Banks Islands, a small archipelago of northern Vanuatu, Melanesia.
Although he was never worshipped as a deity properly speaking, the folklore of these once animist populations traditionally referred, and still does, to Qat as the spirit to whom we humans owe several elements of our culture: the world itself (in the form of the Torres and Banks archipelagoes); Night; Death; women; marriage rules and incest prohibition; as well as the song language in use throughout the area (locally known as "Qat's language").
In modern times, Qat is sometimes assimilated to the Christian God.
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He is called Qat (pronounced [kpʷat]) in Mota, an Oceanic language which was first documented by Anglican missionaries such as Robert Codrington at the end of the 19th century. He is known under other names and pronunciations in the languages of neighbouring Banks and Torres islands: Qet [kpʷɛt]; Iqet [ikpʷɛt]; Qo’ [kpʷɔʔ]; Merawehih [məˌrawəˈhih]; and so on. This mythological figure obviously has strong connections with the god known as Tagaro in other parts of Vanuatu.
Qat was born when his Father, a stone, exploded. He has eleven brothers, all called Tagaro [taˈɣaro] (Tagaro the Foolish, Tagaro the Wise, etc), and a companion, Marawa, who takes the form of a spider.
Along with creating islands and covering them with plant and animal life, Qat made the first three pairs of men and women by carving them from dracaena wood and then playing drums to make them dance, bringing them to life through music. One story recounts how Marawa, envious of Qat's creations, carved his own figures and brought them to life, but then grew tired of them and buried them for a week. When he dug them up, they had rotted, and this is how death came to be.
When his brothers became tired of daylight, Qat created night and taught his brothers how to sleep. When they had slept enough he took a piece of red obsidian and sliced through Night, thus making Dawn.
One day Qat came upon a group of sky maidens who had taken off their wings to bathe. He quickly buried one pair of wings so that one girl had to remain behind, and in time she became his wife, Ro-Lei. They lived together until one day Qat's mother reproached her daughter-in-law and made her cry. Ro-Lei's tears washed away the earth covering her wings and she put them on and flew away. Qat shot an arrow with a rope tied to it into the roots of a great banyan tree in the sky and climbed after her into the sky world, but later as he climbed down with Ro-Lei, the root snapped and he plunged to his death, while she flew safely away.
In other versions of the story Qat does not die but sails away in a canoe, promising to return one day.
Friedrich Ratzel in The History of Mankind Vol. 1 Page 313 [1] in 1896 provided another version of the story as follows.
Nowadays, the story of Qat which is most popular among the islanders of northern Vanuatu[2] tells how Qat, in Vanua Lava, built his canoe with the help of the spider spirit Marawa; how the canoe was then stolen by Qat's eleven brothers, who sailed it to the nearby island of Gaua; and how they all had to defeat the giant of that island, Qasavara.