| Qalansawe | |
|---|---|
| Hebrew transcription(s) | |
| • Hebrew | קַלַנְסֻוָה |
| • ISO 259 | Qalansuwa |
| • Translit. | Kalansuwa or Qalansuwa |
| • Also spelled | Kalansoueh,[1] Qalansuwa (unofficial) |
| Arabic transcription(s) | |
| • Arabic | قلنسوة |
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Qalansawe
|
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| Coordinates: | |
| District | Center |
| Government | |
| • Type | City |
| • Mayor | (Incumbent: Abdel Baset Salame - Mahmoud Kahdega) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 7,800 dunams (7.8 km2 / 3 sq mi) |
| Population (2008) | |
| • Total | 18,500 |
Qalansawe also Qalansuwa (Arabic: قلنسوة, Hebrew: קַלַנְסֻוָה) (lit. "turban")[2][3] is an Arab city in the Center District of Israel. According to Israel Central Bureau of Statistics statistics for the end of 2007, the total population was 18,500.[4] Qalansawe is part of the Triangle.
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From the ninth century and until the Crusader times, Qalansawe was a stop on the Cairo-Damascus road, between Lajjun and Ramla.[5]
During the Crusader period, the village was known as Calanson, Calansue, Calanzon or Kalensue.[6] In 1128, it was given to the Hospitallers by the knight Godfrey of Flujea.[6] Yaqut (†1229) wrote that Qalansawe, Castle of the Plans, of the Crusaders, was a fortress near Ramle. He adds that "many of the Omayyads were slain there."[7] It remained in Hospitallers hands (except for 1187–1191) until Baybars took it in 1265.[6] However, during this period the lord of Caesarea appears to have retained overlordship.[6] Remnants of a crusader fortress remain today.[6]
In 1596, Qalansawa appeared in Ottoman tax registers as being in the Nahiya of Bani Sa'b of the Liwa of Nablus. It had a population of 29 Muslim households and paid taxes on wheat, barley, summercrops, olives, goats or beehives, and a press for olives or graphs.[8] In the late 19th century, the village was described as being of moderate size, and the seat of a Caimacam. In the centre of the village was a Crusader tower and hall, surrounded by the village houses, mostly made of adobe. Wells and a spring to the west supplied water.[9]
At the time of the 1931 census of Palestine, Qalansawe had 225 houses and a population of 1,069 Muslims, including nearby Bedouin encampments.[10]
During the 1948 Palestine war, Jewish forces had decided to "conquer and destroy" or later "expel or subdue" Qalansawe,[11] but the village was not taken[12] and was only transferred to Israeli sovereignty in May 1949 as part of the Israel-Jordan armistice agreement.[13] Political considerations then prevented the expulsion of the villagers.[14]
By 1945, the village had 1540 Arab inhabitants, who owned a total of owned 17,249 dunams of land.[15] In 1962, land ownership had dropped to 6,620 dunams, in part due to the expropriation of land by the Israeli government in 1953–1954.[16]
In 2001, the ethnic makeup of the city was virtually all Arab Muslims without significant Jewish population. There were 7,700 males and 7,300 females. 53.2% of the residents were 19 years of age or younger, 17.1% were between 20 and 29, 17.9% between 30 and 44, 8.0% from 45 to 59, 1.6% from 60 to 64, and 2.2% 65 years of age or older. The population growth rate in 2001 was 3.5%.
Due to marriages among relatives, the residents of Qalansua suffer from a high percentage of genetic diseases, especially hearing impairment.[17]
In 2000, there were 2,230 salaried workers and 396 self-employed. The mean monthly wage for a salaried worker was ILS 3,854, a real change of 4.0% over the course of 2000. Salaried males had a mean monthly wage of ILS 4,412 (a real change of 5.6%) versus ILS 2,162 for females (a real change of -12.4%). The mean income for the self-employed was 3,764. 141 residents received unemployment benefits and 1,891 received income guarantees.
In 2001, there were eight schools with an enrollment of 3,792 students (four elementary schools with 2,223 students and four high schools with 1,569 students). 49.3% of 12th graders students were eligible for a matriculation certificate that year.
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