The Přemyslids (Czech: Přemyslovci, German: Premysliden, Polish: Przemyślidzi), were a Czech royal dynasty which reigned in Bohemia and Moravia (9th century–1306), and partly also in Hungary, Silesia, Austria and Poland.
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The name of the dynasty, according to Cosmas in his Chronica Boemorum (1119), comes from its legendary founder, Přemysl, husband of Libuše.
The first historical Přemyslid was Duke Bořivoj I, baptised in 874 by Saint Methodius. In 895, Bohemia gained independence from Great Moravia. Between 1003 and 1004, Bohemia was controlled by Boleslaus the Brave, Duke of Poland from the Piast dynasty, grandson of Boleslaus I the Cruel.
In 1085, Duke Vratislaus II, and, in 1158, Duke Vladislaus II, were crowned King of Bohemia as a personal award from the Holy Roman Emperor. The title, however, was not hereditary.
In 1198, Duke Přemysl Otakar I gained the title of King of Bohemia for his person as an ally of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor. He was awarded hereditary title in Frederick's Golden Bull of Sicily (1212).
In 1300, King Wenceslaus II was crowned King of Poland. Prior to this, he held the title "High Duke of Poland (Duke of Kraków)" since 1291 and became its overlord upon the death of Przemysł II of Poland in 1296.
The royal line ended in 1306, with the death of King Wenceslaus III. The Bohemian throne went to the Luxembourgs, and the Polish returned to the Piasts. Descendants of Nicholas, illegitimate son of King Přemysl Otakar II still, however, ruled Opava and Racibórz. This line ended in 1521, with the death of Valentine, Duke of Racibórz.
Bořivoj I. + Saint Ludmila