| Pyongyang Metro (MTR) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Info | |||
| Owner | Pyongyang Municipal Government | ||
| Locale | Pyongyang, North Korea | ||
| Transit type | Rapid transit | ||
| Number of lines | 2 | ||
| Number of stations | 17 | ||
| Daily ridership | 300,000 - 700,000 | ||
| Operation | |||
| Began operation | 1969 | ||
| Operator(s) | Transport and Communication Commission[1] | ||
| Technical | |||
| Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) | ||
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| Pyongyang Metro | |
|---|---|
| Chosŏn'gŭl | 평양 지하철 |
| Hancha | 平壤地下鐵 |
| McCune–Reischauer | P'yŏngyang Chihach'ŏl |
| Revised Romanization | Pyeongyang Jihacheol |
The Pyongyang Metro (MTR) (Korean: 평양 지하철 P'yŏngyang Chihach'ŏl) is the metro system in the North Korean capital Pyongyang. It consists of two lines: the Chŏllima line (Korean: 천리마선) runs from Kwangbok (Korean: 광복) station in the southwest to Ragwŏn (Korean: 락원) station in the northeast, and the Hyŏksin line (Korean: 혁신선) runs north, from Puhŭng (Korean: 부흥) station on the banks of the Taedong to Pulgŭnbyŏl (Korean: 붉은별) station. The two lines intersect at Chŏnu (Korean: 전우) station. Daily ridership is estimated to be between 300,000 and 700,000.[2][3]
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Construction of the metro network started in 1965, and stations opening between 1969 and 1972 by former President Kim Il-sung.[4][5] In 1971, there was a major accident during the construction of a tunnel under the Taedong River for the Ponghwa (Korean: 봉화) station. Some sources say at least 100 workers died in the accident.[6] This particular piece of tunnel was never completed; the metro network is now completely located on the western side of the river.
Pyongyang Metro is the deepest metro in the world—the track is approximately 110 meters (about 360 feet) deep underground.[7] (The Saint Petersburg Metro also claims to be the deepest, based on the average depth of all its stations. The Arsenalna station on Kiev Metro's Sviatoshynsko-Brovarska Line is currently the deepest station in the world at 105.5 metres.)[8] The Pyongyang Metro has a museum devoted to its construction and history.
The Pyongyang Metro network consists of two lines:
For the most part, the stations' names do not refer to the locations of the stations; instead, stations are named after themes and characteristics from North Korea's revolution. But Kaesŏn ("Triumph") is located at the Arch of Triumph.
The network is completely underground. The design of the network was based on metro networks in other communist countries, in particular the Moscow Metro.[9] Both networks share many characteristics, such as the great depth of the lines (100 meters plus) and the large distance between stations. Another common feature is the Socialist realist art that can be found in the stations such as murals and statues.[10] Staff of the Metro have a military-style uniform that is specific to these workers.
In times of war, the metro stations can serve as bomb shelters.[11] For this purpose, the stations are fitted with large steel doors.[12] Some sources claim that large military installations are connected to the stations,[13] and also that there exist secret lines solely for government use.[2][14]
One station—Kwangmyŏng (Korean: 광명)—is reported to be closed since 1995, due to the mausoleum of Kim Il-Sung located at that station. Trains do not stop at that station.
The Hyŏksin line is reported to have two new stations planned or under development, Yŏngung (Korean: 영웅) and Ch'ilgok (Korean: 칠곡). The map of the Hyŏksin line shows these two additional stations after Kwangbok station.
The map of the Chŏllima line shows two additional stations, Ryŏnmot (Korean: 련못), Sŏp'o (Korean: 서포), Ch'ŏngch'un (Korean: 청춘) and Mangyŏngdae (Korean: 만경대), at each end of this line which are planned or under development.
Each Metro station has a free toilet for use by patrons. Stations also broadcast the programs from state radio and have a display of the newspaper Rodong Sinmun.
One surprising detail is that many windows of the subway cars show signs of graffiti, yet North Korea is considered to be a totalitarian police state.
| Stations of the Pyongyang Metro | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| #1 Chŏllima 천리마선 Line | |||
| Station | Literal meaning | Transfer | Opened |
| Pulgŭnbyŏl 붉은별 | Red Star | 6 September 1973 | |
| Chŏnu 전우 | Comrade | #2 Chŏnsŭng | |
| Kaesŏn 개선 | Triumph | ||
| T'ŏngil 통일 | Reunification | ||
| Sŭngni 승리 | Victory | ||
| Ponghwa 봉화 | Torch/Beacon | ||
| Yŏnggwang 영광 | Glory | 10 April 1987 | |
| Puhŭng 부흥 | Revitalization | ||
| Stations of the Pyongyang Metro | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| #2 Hyŏksin 혁신선 Line | |||
| Station | Literal meaning | Transfer | Opened |
| Kwangbok 광복 | Restoration/Independence | 9 September 1978 | |
| Kŏn'guk 건국 | National Foundation | ||
| Hwanggŭmbŏl 황금벌 | Golden Soil | 6 September 1978 | |
| Kŏnsŏl 건설 | Construction | ||
| Hyŏksin 혁신 | Innovation | 9 September 1975 | |
| Chŏnsŭng 전승 | Complete Victory (in Battle) | #1 Chŏnu | |
| Samhŭng 삼흥 | Three Rejuvenations | ||
| Kwangmyŏng 광명 | Shine/Enlightenment | ||
| Ragwŏn 락원 | Paradise | ||
The Pyongyang Metro was designed to operate every few minutes. During the rush hours, the trains can operate at a minimum interval of 2 minutes. Until recently, many foreign tourists were only allowed to travel between Puhŭng Station and Yŏngwang Station. However, foreign students have been allowed to freely use the entire metro system. These two stations in this line that were completed in 1987, while the others in this line were all completed in 1973, suggesting that they may be less modern. It has also been suggested that foreign tourists are limited to the Puhŭng and Yŏngwang stations because these two stations are typically less crowded due to their location at the end of a line, therefore reducing interactions between foreigners and locals.[15] It is noted by more recent tourists, traveling with Koryo Tours, have been allowed five station rides.[16]
It is also one of the cheapest in the world to ride, at only 5 KP₩ (about $0.03 USD) per ticket.[17] The Metro used to utilize an aluminium token, with the emblem of the Metro minted on it and the Korean "지". However, it now uses a paper ticket system also with 지 printed on it. Smoking and eating inside the subway system is prohibited, and punishable by a large fine.
When operation of the metro started in the seventies, newly built rolling stock was used. Although North Korea insists it was built in Korea, the four-car formations, known as DK4, were built in China by Changchun Car Company in 1972. Altogether 345 vehicles were built, of the whole, only 112 cars were actually used. In 1998, some of these trainsets were sold to the Beijing Subway, where they served in three car formations on line 13 (they have since been replaced by newer DKZ5 and DKZ6 trainsets; it is unknown if the DK4 units have been returned to Pyongyang).
Since 1998, the Pyongyang metro has used former German rolling stock from the Berlin U-Bahn. There are two different types of rolling stock:
The trainsets received a new red and cream livery in Pyŏngyang. All advertising was removed and replaced by portraits of the leaders, Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il.
Recent travelers have only seen type D in operation; the GI-type has been replaced by the Dora-stock. GI-trains are used at the railway network around Pyongyang.[18]
Foreign tourists visiting North Korea can only see the metro as part of guided tours of Pyongyang. However, a BBC reporter who was covering the visit of U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright in 2000 was able to walk around the city without his minder and saw "old East German trains complete with their original German graffiti."[19] Recent photographs taken by visitors all show the same handful of type D trains, so it is possible that only a few type D trains have been repainted and that these are the only ones shown to foreigners on guided tours.[20] A visitor in 2004 noted 40 cars at one line, divided in ten trains.
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