Pylorus

Pylorus
Outline of stomach, showing its anatomical landmarks.
Interior of the stomach. (Pylorus labeled at center left.)
Latin	valvula pylori
Gray's	subject #247 1164

The pylorus ( /paɪˈlɔərəs/ or /pɨˈlɔərəs/; from the Greek πυλωρός, "gate guard") is the region of the stomach that connects to the duodenum (the beginning of the small intestines). It is divided into two parts:

• the pyloric antrum, which connects to the body of the stomach.
• the pyloric canal, which connects to the duodenum.

The pyloric sphincter, or valve, is a strong ring of smooth muscle at the end of the pyloric canal which lets food pass from the stomach to the duodenum. It receives sympathetic innervation from the celiac ganglion.

Contents 1 Medical significance 2 Gallery 3 See also 4 References 5 External links

Medical significance

One medical condition associated with the pylorus is pyloric stenosis.^[1] In such conditions as stomach cancer, tumours may partly block the pyloric canal. A special tube can be implanted surgically to connect the stomach to the duodenum so as to facilitate the passage of food from one to the other. This tube is called a "pyloric stent."

Gallery

See also

• Cardia
• Ignatius J. Reilly

References

1. ^ http://www.pyloricspasms.info

• Stedman's/LWW 1557908

External links

• SUNY Labs 37:06-0105 - "Abdominal Cavity: The Stomach"
• SUNY Labs 38:07-0102 - "Stomach, Spleen and Liver: The Pylorus"
• SUNY Anatomy Image 8150

Anatomy of torso, digestive system: Gastrointestinal tract, excluding mouth (TA A05.3–7, TH H3.04.02-04, GA 11.1141) Upper GI Hypo- pharynx Piriform sinus spaces: Peripharyngeal space Retropharyngeal space Parapharyngeal space Retrovisceral space Retropharyngeal space Danger space Prevertebral space Pterygomandibular raphe Pharyngeal raphe Buccopharyngeal fascia Pharyngobasilar fascia Pharyngeal muscles Esophagus UES LES Esophageal glands Serosa / Adventitia Muscular layer Submucosa Mucosa Muscularis mucosa Stomach by region: Greater curvature Lesser curvature Angular incisure Cardia Body Fundus Pylorus Pyloric antrum Pyloric canal by layer: Serosa Muscular layer Pyloric sphincter Submucosa Gastric mucosa Muscularis mucosa Gastric rugae Gastric pits Gastric gland Cardiac glands Fundic glands Pyloric glands Goblet cell Lower GI Intestine: small Layers Serosa Subserosa Muscular layer Circular folds Submucosa Mucosa Muscularis mucosa Peyer's patches Intestinal villus Intestinal gland Duodenum Suspensory muscle Major duodenal papilla Minor duodenal papilla Duodenal cap Duodenojejunal flexure Brunner's glands Jejunum no substructures Ileum Terminal ileum Ileocecal valve Intestine: large Layers Serosa Subserosa Muscular layer Submucosa Mucosa Cecum Vermiform appendix Colon ascending colon hepatic flexure transverse colon splenic flexure descending colon sigmoid colon continuous taenia coli haustra epiploic appendix Rectum Transverse folds of rectum Rectal ampulla Anal canal Anal columns Anal valves Anal sinuses Pectinate line Sphincter ani internus muscle Intersphincteric groove Sphincter ani externus muscle Anus M: DIG anat(t, g, p)/phys/devp/enzy noco/cong/tumr, sysi/epon proc, drug(A2A/2B/3/4/5/6/7/14/16), blte