| Pyay ပြည်မြို့ Prome |
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| — City — | |
| Shwesandaw Pagoda in Pyay | |
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Pyay
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| Coordinates: | |
| Country | Burma |
| Division | Bago Region |
| District | Pyay District |
| Township | Pyay Township |
| Population (2001) | |
| • Total | 123,800 |
| Time zone | +7 (UTC+7) |
Pyay (Burmese: ပြည်မြို့; MLCTS: prany mrui., pronounced [pjì mjo̰]; Mon: ပြန်, [prɔn]; also known as Prome) is a town in the Bago Division in Burma. It has an estimated population of 123,800 (2001). Pyay is positioned on the Ayeyarwady River (Irrawaddy River) and is 260 km (160 mi) northwest of Yangon.[1]
The British Irrawaddy Flotilla Company established the current town in the late 19th century on the Ayeyarwady River (Irrawaddy River) as a transshipment point for cargo between Upper and Lower Burma.
The district of Pyay encompasses the valley of the Ayeyarwady, located between Thayetmyo, Hinthada and Tharrawaddy districts. Along the western side of Pyay District are the Rakhine (Arakan) Yoma mountain ranges, and along the eastern side are the Bago (Pegu) Yoma mountain ranges. Pyay District's main towns are Pyay, Shwedaung, and Paungde.
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The name "Pyi" means "country" in Burmese, and refers to the ruins of the Pyu capital of Sri Ksetra (Burmese: သရေခေတ္တရာ, lit. "City of Splendour" in Sanskrit), which is located 8 km (5.0 mi) to the southeast of modern Pyay and is in the village of Hmawa.
Much debate surrounds the construction of Sri Ksetra. Maung Htin Aung suggests that Pyu might have been founded in 78 CE, based on the Sanskrit / Pyu Era. D.G.E. Hall and Gordon Luce however claim that civilisation of the Irrawaddy Valley could not have been possible before the 4th century, thus, attributing the founding of Sri Ksetra to 638, from which the current Burmese Kawza Era begins.
Sri Ksetra was the capital of the Pyu dynasty of Vikrama. The city was circular with walls enclosing an around of 46 km2 (18 sq mi), making it the largest walled city in Southeast Asia during its peak. The city contained both housing and also farms, as evident from the remains of water ways and tanks which have been discovered. The Chinese pilgrims Xuanzang and I Ching mentioned about Sri Ksetra in their mid-7th century accounts. It is not known when precisely the Pyus abandoned Sri Ksetra and moved northward. It is speculated that their decline was due to the growth of the Irrawaddy river delta, cutting it off from coastal trade, and also from Mon and later Tai Shan incursions. Burmese chronicles state that when Anawrahta invaded the southern parts of modern day Myanmar in 1057, he ordered the ruins of Sri Ksetra to be destroyed to prevent rebels from sheltering.The Burmese came to call the old Pyu center Pyi. The extensive ruins have been the subject of intensive archaeological investigation.
Pyay was once the centre of a small kingdom that fell after the conquest of Pegu in 1758 by King Alaungpaya, founder of the Konbaung dynasty. Called Prome by the British, the city became part of British territory after the Second Anglo-Burman War in 1853. The town was taken by the British in 1825 and again in 1852, on both occasions with hardly any opposition. In 1862, it was almost entirely destroyed by fire, and was afterwards relaid out in straight and broad streets. It was erected into a municipality in 1874, and since then great improvements have been made, including waterworks.
To the south and south-east the town is closed in by low pagoda-topped hills, on one of which stands the conspicuous gilded Shwesandaw Pagoda. The Shwesandaw Pagoda, or Shwesandaw Paya (Sunset Pagoda), is a Buddhist pagoda in the center of Pyay. It is the terminus for a railway from Yangon, which runs through the district. The Shwesandaw Pagoda was built by King Anawrahta in 1057.[2]
The north and northeast of the district is forest-covered, and contains numerous valleys and ravines, which unite in one large stream called the Naweng River. The most important of the plains lie in the south and southwest portions of Pyay, and extend along the whole length of the railway that runs between. There are, in addition large tracts of land covered by jungle, which are available for cultivation. The principal river is the Irrawaddy, which intersects the district from north to south; next in importance are the Thani and its tributaries and the Naweng system of rivers. In the hills near the capital the soil is of Tertiary formation, and in the plains it is an alluvial deposit.
The climate is much drier than other districts in Lower Burma, the annual rainfall being about 1,200 mm (47 in). The temperature ranges from about 38 °C (100 °F) in June to 16 °C (61 °F) in January.
The staple crop is rice, but some cotton and tobacco are grown, while the custard apples are famous. Sericulture is extensively carried on by a special class. The forests yield teak and cutch, cotton and silk-weaving are important industries; there are also manufactures of ornamental boxes, coarse brown sugar and cutch.
Pyay City has three universities. The universities are Pyay University (PU), Pyay Technological University (PTU), and Government Computer University (GCU). Pyay University is situated near to the town centre of Pyay. PTU is situated near to Hnawgone village and Latkhoukpin village, a few miles away from Pyay. GCU is also quite a far distance from downtown.
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