Pupfish

Pupfish are a group of small killifish belonging to ten genera of the family Cyprinodontidae of ray-finned fish. All pupfish are especially noted for being found in extreme and isolated situations, in various parts of North America, South America, and the Caribbean region. As of August 2006 there were 120 known nominal species, and 9 subspecies.

The common name is said to derive from the mating habits of the males, whose activities vaguely resemble puppies at play.

In spite of their name, the cyprinodonts are not closely related to the Cyprinidae, or carp family. They were formerly considered near allies of the pikes and their relatives, as they share some features: a flat head with protractile mouth beset with cardiform, villiform, or compressed, bi- or tri-cuspid teeth, generally large scales, and the absence of a well-developed lateral line. However, they are now generally assigned to the order Cyprinodontiformes.

Most pupfish are inhabitants of the fresh and brackish waters of the Americas; a few species are known from the Old World. Several forms occur in the Oligocene and Miocene beds of Europe. Many species are ovoviviparous, and from their small size and lively behaviour they are much appreciated as aquarium fishes.^[1]

Species

FishBase lists 119 species with 9 subspecies in 10 genera:^[2]

• Genus Aphanius
  • Aphanius anatoliae anatoliae (Leidenfrost, 1912).
  • Aphanius apodus (Gervais, 1853).
  • Scaleless killifish, Aphanius asquamatus (Sözer, 1942).
  • Aphanius baeticus Doadrio, Carmona & Fernández-Delgado, 2002.
  • Aphanius burdurensis (Ermin, 1946).
  • Aphanius chantrei (Gaillard, 1895).
  • Aphanius danfordii (Boulenger, 1890).
  • Aphanius desioi (Gianferrari, 1933).
  • Aphanius dispar dispar (Rüppell, 1829).
    • Aphanius dispar richardsoni (Boulenger, 1907).
  • Aphanius fasciatus (Valenciennes, 1821).
  • Aphanius ginaonis (Holly, 1929).
  • Spanish toothcarp, Aphanius iberus (Valenciennes, 1846).
  • Aphanius isfahanensis Hrbek, Keivany & Coad, 2006. Not listed in FishBase.^[3]
  • Aphanius mento (Heckel, 1843).
  • Aphanius opavensis Gaudant, 2006. Not listed in FishBase.^[4]
  • Aphanius punctatus (Heckel, 1847).
  • Aphanius saourensis Blanco, Hrbek & Doadrio, 2006. Not listed in FishBase.^[5]
  • Aphanius sirhani Villwock, Scholl & Krupp, 1983.
  • Aphanius sophiae (Heckel, 1847).
  • Aphanius sureyanus (Neu, 1937).
  • Aphanius villwocki Hrbek & Wildekamp, 2003.
  • Aphanius vladykovi Coad, 1988.
• Genus Cualac
  • Checkered pupfish, Cualac tessellatus Miller, 1956.
• Genus Cubanichthys
  • Cuban killifish, Cubanichthys cubensis (Eigenmann, 1903).
  • Jamaican killifish, Cubanichthys pengelleyi (Fowler, 1939).
• Genus Cyprinodon
  • Whitefin pupfish, Cyprinodon albivelis Minckley & Miller, 2002.
  • Potosi pupfish, Cyprinodon alvarezi Miller, 1976.
  • Santa Cruz pupfish, Cyprinodon arcuatus Minckley & Miller, 2002.
  • Yucatan pupfish, Cyprinodon artifrons Hubbs, 1936.
  • Bolson pupfish, Cyprinodon atrorus Miller, 1968.
  • Blackfin pupfish, Cyprinodon beltrani Alvarez, 1949.
  • Cuatro Cienegas pupfish, Cyprinodon bifasciatus Miller, 1968.
  • San Ignacio pupfish, Cyprinodon bobmilleri Lozano-Vilano & Contreras-Balderas, 1999.
  • Hispaniola pupfish, Cyprinodon bondi Myers, 1935.
  • Leon Springs pupfish, Cyprinodon bovinus Baird & Girard, 1853.
  • Villa Lopez pupfish, Cyprinodon ceciliae Lozano-Vilano & Contreras Balderas, 1993.
  • Cyprinodon dearborni Meek, 1909.
  • Devils Hole pupfish, Cyprinodon diabolis Wales, 1930.
  • Comanche Springs pupfish, Cyprinodon elegans Baird & Girard, 1853.
  • Sonoyta pupfish, Cyprinodon eremus Miller & Fuiman, 1987.
  • Hidden pupfish, Cyprinodon esconditus Strecker, 2002.
  • Conchos pupfish, Cyprinodon eximius Girard, 1859.
  • Carbonera pupfish, Cyprinodon fontinalis (Aksiray, 1948).
  • Cyprinodon higuey Rodriguez & Smith, 1990.
  • Lake Eustis minnow, Cyprinodon hubbsi Carr, 1936.
  • Charco Azul pupfish, Cyprinodon inmemoriam Lozano-Vilano & Contreras Balderas, 1993.
  • Thicklip pupfish, Cyprinodon labiosus Humphries & Miller, 1981.
  • Bahama pupfish, Cyprinodon laciniatus Hubbs & Miller, 1942.
  • Parras pupfish, Cyprinodon latifasciatus Garman, 1881.
  • La Palma pupfish, Cyprinodon longidorsalis Lozano-Vilano & Contreras Balderas, 1993.
  • Largescale pupfish, Cyprinodon macrolepis Miller, 1976.
  • Desert pupfish, Cyprinodon macularius Baird & Girard, 1853.
  • Maya pupfish, Cyprinodon maya Humphries & Miller, 1981.
  • Mezquital pupfish, Cyprinodon meeki Miller, 1976.
  • Nazas pupfish, Cyprinodon nazas Miller, 1976.
  • Amargosa pupfish, Cyprinodon nevadensis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889.
    • Cyprinodon nevadensis amargosae Miller, 1948.
    • Cyprinodon nevadensis calidae Miller, 1948.
    • Cyprinodon nevadensis mionectes Miller, 1948.
    • Saratoga Springs pupfish, Cyprinodon nevadensis nevadensis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889.
    • Cyprinodon nevadensis pectoralis Miller, 1948.
    • Shoshone pupfish, Cyprinodon nevadensis shoshone Miller, 1948.
  • Cyprinodon nichollsi Smith, 1989.
  • Bighead pupfish, Cyprinodon pachycephalus Minckley & Minckley, 1986.
  • Pecos pupfish, Cyprinodon pecosensis Echelle & Echelle, 1978.
  • Palomas pupfish, Cyprinodon pisteri Miller & Minckley, 2002.
  • Owens pupfish, Cyprinodon radiosus Miller, 1948.
  • Cyprinodon riverendi (Poey, 1860).
  • Red River pupfish, Cyprinodon rubrofluviatilis Fowler, 1916.
  • Death Valley pupfish, Salt Creek pupfish, Cyprinodon salinus salinus Miller, 1943.
    • Cottonball marsh pupfish, Cyprinodon salinus milleri LaBounty & Deacon, 1972.
  • Bocochi pupfish, Cyprinodon salvadori Lozano-Vilano, 2002.
  • Boxer pupfish, Cyprinodon simus Humphries & Miller, 1981.
  • White Sands pupfish, Cyprinodon tularosa Miller & Echelle, 1975.
  • Sheepshead minnow, Cyprinodon variegatus variegatus (Lacépède, 1803).
    • Cyprinodon variegatus baconi Breder, 1932.
    • Cyprinodon variegatus ovinus (Mitchill, 1815).
  • Largefin pupfish, Cyprinodon verecundus Humphries, 1984.
  • Charco Palma pupfish, Cyprinodon veronicae Lozano-Vilano & Contreras Balderas, 1993.
• Genus Floridichthys
  • Goldspotted killifish, Floridichthys carpio (Günther, 1866).
  • Ocellated killifish, Floridichthys polyommus Hubb, 1936.
• Genus Garmanella
  • Yucatan flagfish, Garmanella pulchra Hubbs, 1936.
• Genus Jordanella
  • Flagfish, Jordanella floridae Goode & Bean, 1879.
• Genus Lebias
  • Lebias persicus (Jenkins, 1910).
  • Lebias splendens (Kosswig & Sözer, 1945).
  • Lake Afdera killifish, Lebias stiassnyae Getahun & Lazara, 2001.
  • Lebias transgrediens (Ermin, 1946).
• Genus Megupsilon
  • Catarina pupfish, Megupsilon aporus Miller & Walters, 1972.
• Genus Orestias
  • Orestias agassizii Valenciennes, 1846.
  • Orestias albus Valenciennes, 1846.
  • Orestias ascotanensis Parenti, 1984.
  • Orestias chungarensis Vila & Pinto, 1987.
  • Orestias crawfordi Tchernavin, 1944.
  • Orestias ctenolepis Parenti, 1984.
  • Titicaca Orestias, Orestias cuvieri Valenciennes, 1846.
  • Orestias elegans (Baird & Girard, 1853).
  • Orestias empyraeus Allen, 1942.
  • Orestias forgeti Lauzanne, 1981.
  • Orestias frontosus Cope, 1876.
  • Orestias gilsoni Tchernavin, 1944.
  • Orestias gracilis Parenti, 1984.
  • Orestias gymnotus Parenti, 1984.
  • Orestias hardini Parenti, 1984.
  • Orestias imarpe Parenti, 1984.
  • Orestias incae Garman, 1895.
  • Orestias ispi Lauzanne, 1981.
  • Orestias jussiei Valenciennes, 1846.
  • Orestias lastarriae Philippi, 1876.
  • Orestias laucaensis Arratia, 1983.
  • Orestias luteus Valenciennes, 1846.
  • Orestias minimus Tchernavin, 1944.
  • Orestias minutus Tchernavin, 1944.
  • Orestias mooni Tchernavin, 1944.
  • Orestias mulleri Valenciennes, 1846.
  • Orestias multiporis Parenti, 1984.
  • Orestias mundus Parenti, 1984.
  • Orestias olivaceus Garman, 1895.
  • Orestias parinacotensis Arratia, 1982.
  • Orestias pentlandii Valenciennes, 1846.
  • Orestias piacotensis Vila, 2006. Not listed in FishBase.^[6]
  • Orestias polonorum Tchernavin, 1944.
  • Orestias puni Tchernavin, 1944.
  • Orestias richersoni Parenti, 1984.
  • Orestias robustus Parenti, 1984.
  • Orestias silustani Allen, 1942.
  • Orestias taquiri Tchernavin, 1944.
  • Orestias tchernavini Lauzanne, 1981.
  • Orestias tomcooni Parenti, 1984.
  • Orestias tschudii Castelnau, 1855.
  • Orestias tutini Tchernavin, 1944.
  • Orestias uruni Tchernavin, 1944.
  • Orestias ututo Parenti, 1984.

See also

• List of fish families

References

1. ^  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 
2. ^ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2006). "Cyprinodontidae" in FishBase. August 2006 version.
3. ^ Hrbek, Keivany & Coad (2006). "New Species of Aphanius (Teleostei, Cyprinodontidae) from Isfahan Province of Iran and a Reanalysis of Other Iranian Species". Copeia 2006 (2): 244–255. doi:10.1643/0045-8511(2006)6[244:NSOATC]2.0.CO;2. http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1643%2F0045-8511%282006%296%5B244%3ANSOATC%5D2.0.CO%3B2. 
4. ^ Gaudant (2006). "Occurrence of the genus Aphanius Nardo (teleostean fishes, Cyprinodontidae) in the evaporitic Upper Badenian of eastern Czech Republic". Cas Slezskeho Zemskeho Muz Ser a Ved Prir 55 (2): 101ff.. 
5. ^ Blanco, Hrbek & Doadrio (2006). "A new species of the genus Aphanius (Nardo, 1832) (Actinopterygii, Cyprinodontidae) from Algeria". Zootaxa 1158: 39–53. http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2006f/z01158p053f.pdf. 
6. ^ Vila; Buth, D. (2006). Buth, D.. ed. "A New Species of Killifish in the Genus Orestias (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae) from the Southern High Andes, Chile". Copeia 2006, No. 3 (3): 472–477. doi:10.1643/0045-8511(2006)2006[472:ANSOKI]2.0.CO;2. http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1643%2F0045-8511%282006%292006%5B472%3AANSOKI%5D2.0.CO%3B2.