Prunum
Prunum is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.[1]
The separation between the genera Prunum and Volvarina is not very precise. They form together a monophyletic clade. The differences between these two genera are based on differences in the morphology of the shell, the radula, the radular cartilage, the mantle and the internal anatomy. [2] A rather arbitrary criterion is currently used to distinguish between the two genera. The large species with a strong callus are placed in Prunum, the slender species with a thin callus in Volvarina, leaving in between many ambiguous species. To date (2010) there is no phylogenetic analysis behind the current generic placements [1]
Species
Species within the genus Prunum include: [1]
- Prunum abyssorum (Tomlin, 1916)[3]
- Prunum albertoangelai Cossignani, 2005[4]
- Prunum albertoi Espinosa & Ortea, 1998[5]
- Prunum albuminosa (Dall, 1919)
- Prunum aletes Roth, 1978
- Prunum amabile (Redfield, 1852)[6]
- Prunum amphorale de Souza, 1992
- Prunum amygdalum Kiener[7]
- Prunum annulatum (Reeve, 1865)
- Prunum antillanum (Sarasúa, 1992)[8]
- Prunum apicinum (Menke, 1828)[9]
- Prunum augusta (Thiele, 1925)
- Prunum avenacea (Deshayes, 1844)
- Prunum avenella (Dall, 1881)[10]
- Prunum bahiense (Tomlin 1917)
- Prunum batabanoensis Espinosa & Ortea, 2002[11]
- Prunum bayonai Cossignani, 2009[12]
- Prunum beali (McGinty, 1940)
- Prunum boreale (A. E. Verrill, 1884)[13]
- Prunum cahuitaensis Magana, Espinosa & Ortea, 2003[14]
- Prunum caledonicum Cossignani, 2001[15]
- Prunum camachoi Espinosa & Ortea, 2003[16]
- Prunum caneli Espinosa, Ortea & Fernadez-Garcés, 2007[17]
- Prunum canillum (Dall, 1927)
- Prunum carneum (Storer, 1837)[18]
- Prunum cassis (Dall, 1889)[19]
- Prunum catochense Cossignani, 2004[20]
- Prunum chagosi Hayes & Boyer, 1997
- Prunum chumi Espinosa & Ortea, 2000[21]
- Prunum cinctum (Kiener, 1834)
- Prunum cineraceum (Dall, 1889)
- Prunum circumvittatum (Weisbord, 1962)
- Prunum coltrorum Cossignani, 2005[22]
- Prunum conchibellum Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2010
- Prunum cubanum Sarasúa & Espinosa, 1977[23]
- Prunum curtum (G.B. Sowerby, 1832)
- Prunum damasoi Cossignani, 2006[24]
- Prunum dawnbrinkae Massier, 1993
- Prunum dinisioi Cossignani, 2006[25]
- Prunum enriquevidali Espinosa & Ortea, 1995
- Prunum estafaniae Pérez-Dionis, Ortea & Espinosa, 2009
- Prunum evelynae (Bayer, 1943)
- Prunum flori Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2010
- Prunum fortunatum (Clover & Macca, 1990)
- Prunum fulgidum Lussi & Smith, 1999[26]
- Prunum fulminatum (Kiener, 1841)
- Prunum gijon Espinosa & Ortea, 2006[27]
- Prunum gorgonense Roth, 1978
- Prunum guttatum (Dillwyn, 1817)[28]
- Prunum holandae Espinosa & Ortea, 1999[29]
- Prunum humboldti Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2009[30]
- Prunum labiatum (Kiener, 1841)[31]
- Prunum labrosum (Redfield, 1870)
- Prunum leonardhilli Petuch, 1990
- Prunum lipei (Clover, 1990)[32]
- Prunum lizanoi Magana, Espinosa & Ortea, 2003[33]
- Prunum mabellae (Melvill & Standen, 1901)
- Prunum macleani Roth, 1978
- Prunum magnificum (Sarasúa, 1989)[34]
- Prunum marginatum (Born, 1778)
- Prunum mariateresae Cossignani, 2009[35]
- Prunum martini (Petit, 1853)
- Prunum monile (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Prunum nataliae Pérez-Dionis, Ortea & Espinosa, 2009
- Prunum negoi Cossignani, 2005[36]
- Prunum niciezai Espinosa & Ortea, 1998[37]
- Prunum nivosum (Hinds, 1844)[38]
- Prunum nobilianum (Bayer, 1943)
- Prunum oblongum (Swainson, 1829)
- Prunum olivaeforme (Kiener, 1834)
- Prunum pellucidum (Pfeiffer, 1840)
- Prunum pergrandis (Clover, 1974)
- Prunum pinerum Sarasúa & Espinosa, 1977
- Prunum poulosi Lipe, 1996
- Prunum pruinosum (Hinds, 1844)[39]
- Prunum prunum (Gmelin, 1791)
- Prunum pulchrum (Gray, 1839)
- Prunum pulidoi Espinosa & Ortea, 1999[40]
- Prunum pyrumoides Lussi & Smith, 1999[41]
- Prunum quelimanensis Bozzetti, 2001
- Prunum quinteroi Espinosa & Ortea, 1999[42]
- Prunum redfieldii (Tryon, 1882)[43]
- Prunum roscidum (Redfield, 1860)[44]
- Prunum rostratum (Redfield, 1870)[45]
- Prunum rubens (Martens, 1881)
- Prunum sapotilla (Hinds, 1844)
- Prunum saulcyanum (Petit, 1851)
- Prunum sauliae (G.B. Sowerby II, 1846)
- Prunum smalli Espinosa & Ortea, 2002[46]
- Prunum storeria (Couthouy, 1837)
- Prunum succinea (Conrad, 1846)[47]
- Prunum terverianum (Petit, 1851)
- Prunum tethys Lussi & Smith, 1999[48]
- Prunum thalassicola Espinosa, Ortea & Fernadez-Garcés, 2007[49]
- Prunum torticulum (Dall, 1881)[50]
- Prunum virginianum (Conrad, 1868)
- Prunum walvisianum (Tomlin, 1920)
- Prunum woodbridgei (Hertlein & Strong, 1951)
- Species brought into synonymy
- Prunum abbreviatum (C.B. Adams, 1850) : synonym of Volvarina lactea (Kiener, 1841)
- Prunum adelum (Thiele, 1925) : synonym of Volvarina adela (Thiele, 1925)
- Prunum aguayoi Ortea & Espinosa, 1996 : synonym of Prunum lipei (Clover, 1990)
- Prunum agulhasensis Thiele, 1925 : synonym of Hydroginella agulhasensis (Thiele, 1925)
- Prunum alabaster Reeve, 1865 : synonym of Volvarina rubella navicella Reeve, 1865
- Prunum ameliensis (Tomlin 1917) : synonym of Volvarina ameliensis (Tomlin, 1917)
- Prunum attenuatum (Reeve, 1865) : synonym of Volvarina attenuata (Reeve, 1865)
- Prunum avenellum (Dall, 1881) : synonym of Volvarina avenella (Dall, 1881)
- Prunum bellum (Conrad, 1868)[51] : synonym of Prunum avenacea (Deshayes, 1844)
- Prunum caerulescens Lamarck, 1822 : synonym of Prunum prunum (Gmelin, 1791)
- Prunum canellum (Jousseaume, 1875): synonym of Prunum rostratum (Redfield, 1870)
- Prunum cantharus Reeve, 1865 : synonym of Prunum capensis (Krauss, 1848)
- Prunum capensis (Krauss, 1848) : synonym of Volvarina capensis (Krauss, 1848)
- Prunum carnum Storer, 1837 : synonym of Prunum carneum (Storer, 1837)
- Prunum charbarensis (Melvill, 1897) : synonym of Volvarina charbarensis (Melvill, 1897)
- Prunum colomborum Bozzetti, 1995 : synonym of Marginella colomborum (Bozzetti, 1995)
- Prunum conchibellus Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2010 : synonym of Prunum conchibellum Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2010
- Prunum crassilabrum (G.B. Sowerby I, 1846) : synonym of Prunum labrosum (Redfield, 1870)
- Prunum deliciosum (Bavay in Dautzenberg, 1912) : synonym of Volvarina deliciosa (Bavay in Dautzenberg, 1913)
- Prunum evax Li, 1930 : synonym of Prunum sapotilla (Hinds, 1844)
- Prunum exile (Gmelin, 1791) : synonym of Volvarina exilis (Gmelin, 1791)
- Prunum fraterculus E.A. Smith, 1915 : synonym of Prunum martini (Petit, 1853)
- Prunum hartleyanum (Schwengel, 1941)[52] : synonym of Prunum virginianum hartleyana (Schwengel, 1941)
- Prunum helena Thiele, 1925 : synonym of Hyalina helena (Thiele, 1925)
- Prunum hoffi Moolenbeek & Faber, 1991 : synonym of Canalispira hoffi (Moolenbeek & Faber, 1991)
- Prunum hondurasense (Reeve, 1865) : synonym of Prunum pulchrum (Gray, 1839)
- Prunum hondurasensis (Reeve, 1865) : synonym of Prunum pulchrum (Gray, 1839)
- Prunum insulanum (Gofas & Fernandes, 1988) : synonym of Volvarina insulana Gofas & Fernandes, 1988
- Prunum joubini Bavay, 1913 : synonym of Prunum bahiense (Tomlin, 1917)
- Prunum keenii Marrat, 1871 : synonym of Hyalina keenii (Marrat, 1871)
- Prunum laetitium (Thiele, 1925) : synonym of Volvarina laetitia (Thiele, 1925)
- Prunum longivaricosa Lamarck, 1822 : synonym of Prunum guttatum (Dillwyn, 1817)
- Prunum marianae Bozzetti, 1999 : synonym of Prunum pyrumoides Lussi & G. Smith, 1999
- Prunum olivaeformis (Kiener, 1834) : synonym of Prunum olivaeforme (Kiener, 1834)
- Prunum riparia Gofas & Fernandes, 1992 : synonym of Volvarina riparia Gofas & Fernandes, 1992
- Prunum roberti (Bavay, 1917) : synonym of Volvarina roberti (Bavay, 1917)
- Prunum roosevelti Bartsch & Rehder, 1939 : synonym of Prunum amabile (Redfield, 1852)
- Prunum serrei Bavay, 1913 : synonym of Volvarina serrei (Bavay, 1913)
- Prunum sowerbyanum Petit, 1851 : synonym of Prunum monile (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Prunum styrium Dall, 1889 : synonym of Volvarina styria (Dall, 1889)
- Prunum yucatecana (Dall, 1881) : synonym of Dentimargo yucatecanus (Dall, 1881)
References
- ^ a b c d Prunum Herrmannsen, 1852. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=160009 on 23 January 2011.
- ^ Jeremy B.C. Jackson, Scott Lidgard, and Frank K. McKinney, Evolutionary patterns : growth, form and tempo in the fossil record, The University of Chicago Press, 2001, ISBN 0-226-38930-8
- ^ Prunum abyssorum (Tomlin, 1916). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420146 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum albertoangelai Cossignani, 2005. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=389777 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum albertoi Espinosa & Ortea, 1998. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=457231 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum amabile (Redfield, 1852). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420147 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum amygdala Kiener. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=224431 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum antillanum (Sarasúa, 1992). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420148 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum apicinum (Menke, 1828). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420149 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum avenella (Dall, 1881). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420150 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum Batabanoensis Espinosa & Ortea, 2002. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=387805 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum bayonai Cossignani, 2009. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=457140 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum boreale (A. E. Verrill, 1884). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=160011 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum Cahuitaensis Magana, Espinosa & Ortea, 2003. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=388332 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum caledonicum Cossignani, 2001. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=457124 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum Camachoi Espinosa & Ortea, 2003. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=388333 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum caneli Espinosa, Ortea & Fernadez-Garcés, 2007. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=457281 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum carneum (Storer, 1837). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420152 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum cassis (Dall, 1889). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420153 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum catochense Cossignani, 2004. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=388670 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum chumi Espinosa & Ortea, 2000. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=457253 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum coltrorum Cossignani, 2005. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=389778 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum cubanum Sarasúa & Espinosa, 1977. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420154 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum damasoi Cossignani, 2006. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=390513 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum dinisioi Cossignani, 2006. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=390514 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum fulgidum Lussi & Smith, 1999. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=457785 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum gijon Espinosa & Ortea, 2006. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420155 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum guttatum (Dillwyn, 1817). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420156 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum holandae Espinosa & Ortea, 1999. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=457238 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum humboldti Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2009. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=457294 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum labiatum (Kiener, 1841). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420158 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum lipei (Clover, 1990). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420159 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum lizanoi Magana, Espinosa & Ortea, 2003. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=388334 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum magnificum (Sarasúa, 1989). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420160 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum mariateresae Cossignani, 2009. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=457141 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum negoi Cossignani, 2005. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=389779 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum niciezai Espinosa & Ortea, 1998. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420161 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum nivosum (Hinds, 1844). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420162 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum pruinosum (Hinds, 1844). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420163 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum pulidoi Espinosa & Ortea, 1999. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=457239 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum pyrumoides Lussi & Smith, 1999. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=457786 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum quinteroi Espinosa & Ortea, 1999. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=457240 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum redfieldii (Tryon, 1882). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420164 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum roscidum (Redfield, 1860). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=160012 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum rostratum (Redfield, 1870). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420165 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum smalli Espinosa & Ortea, 2002. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=387806 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum succinea (Conrad, 1846). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420166 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum tethys Lussi & Smith, 1999. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=457787 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum thalassicola Espinosa, Ortea & Fernadez-Garcés, 2007. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=457282 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum torticulum (Dall, 1881). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420167 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum bellum (Conrad, 1868). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420151 on 24 April 2010.
- ^ Prunum hartleyanum (Schwengel, 1941). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=420157 on 24 April 2010.
- Cossignani T. (2006). Marginellidae & Cystiscidae of the World. L'Informatore Piceno. 408pp