Prostaglandin D2 synthase

Prostaglandin D2 synthase 21kDa (brain)

Rendering based on PDB 2WWP.

Available structures
PDB	2WWP, 3O19, 3O22, 3O2Y

Identifiers

Symbols

PTGDS; L-PGDS; LPGDS; PDS; PGD2; PGDS; PGDS2

External IDs

OMIM: 176803 MGI: 99261 HomoloGene: 737 GeneCards: PTGDS Gene

EC number

5.3.99.2

Gene Ontology
Molecular function	• prostaglandin-D synthase activity • prostaglandin-D synthase activity • transporter activity • binding • retinoid binding • fatty acid binding • isomerase activity
Cellular component	• extracellular region • extracellular space • nucleus • cytoplasm • rough endoplasmic reticulum • Golgi apparatus • membrane • nuclear membrane • perinuclear region of cytoplasm
Biological process	• prostaglandin biosynthetic process • prostaglandin biosynthetic process • fatty acid biosynthetic process • transport • regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep • response to glucocorticoid stimulus
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

n/a

RefSeq (mRNA)

RefSeq (protein)

Location (UCSC)

Chr 9:
139.87 – 139.88 Mb

Chr 2:
25.32 – 25.33 Mb

PubMed search

[1]

[2]

Prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTGDS gene.^[1]^[2]

The protein encoded by this gene is a glutathione-independent prostaglandin D synthase that catalyzes the conversion of prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) to prostaglandin D2 (PGD2). PGD2 functions as a neuromodulator as well as a trophic factor in the central nervous system. PGD2 is also involved in smooth muscle contraction/relaxation and is a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation. This gene is preferentially expressed in brain. Studies with transgenic mice overexpressing this gene suggest that this gene may be also involved in the regulation of non-rapid eye movement sleep.^[2]

References

^ Nagata A, Suzuki Y, Igarashi M, Eguchi N, Toh H, Urade Y, Hayaishi O (May 1991). "Human brain prostaglandin D synthase has been evolutionarily differentiated from lipophilic-ligand carrier proteins". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88 (9): 4020–4. doi:10.1073/pnas.88.9.4020. PMC 51585. PMID 1902577. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=51585.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: PTGDS prostaglandin D2 synthase 21kDa (brain)". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5730.

White DM, Mikol DD, Espinosa R, et al. (1992). "Structure and chromosomal localization of the human gene for a brain form of prostaglandin D2 synthase". J. Biol. Chem. 267 (32): 23202–8. PMID 1385416.
Kuruvilla AP, Hochwald GM, Ghiso J, et al. (1993). "Isolation and amino terminal sequence of beta-trace, a novel protein from human cerebrospinal fluid". Brain Res. 565 (2): 337–40. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(91)91666-O. PMID 1726844.
Zahn M, Mäder M, Schmidt B, et al. (1993). "Purification and N-terminal sequence of beta-trace, a protein abundant in human cerebrospinal fluid". Neurosci. Lett. 154 (1–2): 93–5. doi:10.1016/0304-3940(93)90179-O. PMID 7689714.
Harrington MG, Aebersold R, Martin BM, et al. (1993). "Identification of a brain-specific human cerebrospinal fluid glycoprotein, beta-trace protein". Appl. Theor. Electrophor. 3 (5): 229–34. PMID 7692978.
Bastien L, Sawyer N, Grygorczyk R, et al. (1994). "Cloning, functional expression, and characterization of the human prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (16): 11873–7. PMID 8163486.
Funk CD, Furci L, FitzGerald GA, et al. (1994). "Cloning and expression of a cDNA for the human prostaglandin E receptor EP1 subtype". J. Biol. Chem. 268 (35): 26767–72. PMID 8253813.
Abramovitz M, Boie Y, Nguyen T, et al. (1994). "Cloning and expression of a cDNA for the human prostanoid FP receptor". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (4): 2632–6. PMID 8300593.
Hoffmann A, Conradt HS, Gross G, et al. (1993). "Purification and chemical characterization of beta-trace protein from human cerebrospinal fluid: its identification as prostaglandin D synthase". J. Neurochem. 61 (2): 451–6. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb02145.x. PMID 8336134.
Leone MG, Saso L, Del Vecchio A, et al. (1993). "Micropurification of two human cerebrospinal fluid proteins by high performance electrophoresis chromatography". J. Neurochem. 61 (2): 533–40. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb02156.x. PMID 8336140.
Giacomelli S, Leone MG, Grima J, et al. (1996). "Astrocytes synthesize and secrete prostaglandin D synthetase in vitro". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1310 (3): 269–76. doi:10.1016/0167-4889(95)00182-4. PMID 8599604.
Blödorn B, Mäder M, Urade Y, et al. (1996). "Choroid plexus: the major site of mRNA expression for the beta-trace protein (prostaglandin D synthase) in human brain". Neurosci. Lett. 209 (2): 117–20. doi:10.1016/0304-3940(96)12614-8. PMID 8761996.
Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (1997). "Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery". Genome Res. 6 (9): 791–806. doi:10.1101/gr.6.9.791. PMID 8889548.
Yamashima T, Sakuda K, Tohma Y, et al. (1999). "Prostaglandin D synthase (beta-trace) in human arachnoid and meningioma cells: roles as a cell marker or in cerebrospinal fluid absorption, tumorigenesis, and calcification process". J. Neurosci. 17 (7): 2376–82. PMID 9065498.
White DM, Takeda T, DeGroot LJ, et al. (1997). "Beta-trace gene expression is regulated by a core promoter and a distal thyroid hormone response element". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (22): 14387–93. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.22.14387. PMID 9162076.
Eguchi Y, Eguchi N, Oda H, et al. (1998). "Expression of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (β-trace) in human heart and its accumulation in the coronary circulation of angina patients". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (26): 14689–94. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.26.14689. PMC 25094. PMID 9405674. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=25094.
Tokugawa Y, Kunishige I, Kubota Y, et al. (1998). "Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase in human male reproductive organs and seminal plasma". Biol. Reprod. 58 (2): 600–7. doi:10.1095/biolreprod58.2.600. PMID 9475419.
Saso L, Leone MG, Sorrentino C, et al. (1999). "Quantification of prostaglandin D synthetase in cerebrospinal fluid: a potential marker for brain tumor". Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. 46 (4): 643–56. PMID 9844724.
Blödorn B, Brück W, Tumani H, et al. (1999). "Expression of the beta-trace protein in human pachymeninx as revealed by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry". J. Neurosci. Res. 57 (5): 730–4. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19990901)57:5<730::AID-JNR14>3.0.CO;2-7. PMID 10462696.
Pinzar E, Kanaoka Y, Inui T, et al. (2000). "Prostaglandin D synthase gene is involved in the regulation of non-rapid eye movement sleep". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (9): 4903–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.090093997. PMC 18330. PMID 10781097. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=18330.

Isomerases: intramolecular oxidoreductases (EC 5.3)

5.3.1: Aldoses/Ketoses	Triosephosphate isomerase · Phosphopentose isomerase · Mannose phosphate isomerase · Glucose isomerase

5.3.2: Keto/Enol	Phenylpyruvate tautomerase · Oxaloacetate tautomerase

5.3.3: C=C	Steroid D-isomerase · Isopentenyl-diphosphate delta isomerase · Vinylacetyl-CoA D-isomerase · Muconolactone D-isomerase · Cholestenol Delta-isomerase (EBP) · Methylitaconate D-isomerase · Aconitate Delta-isomerase · Enoyl CoA isomerase · Prostaglandin-A1 Delta-isomerase · 5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconate D-isomerase · Isopiperitenone D-isomerase · L-dopachrome isomerase · Polyenoic fatty acid isomerase

5.3.4: S-S	Protein disulfide-isomerase (PDIA3)

5.3.99: other	Prostaglandin D2 synthase/Prostaglandin-D synthase · Prostaglandin E synthase · Prostacyclin synthase · Thromboxane-A synthase

B enzm: 1.1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/10/11/13/14/15-18, 2.1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8, 2.7.10, 2.7.11-12, 3.1/2/3/4/5/6/7, 3.1.3.48, 3.4.21/22/23/24, 4.1/2/3/4/5/6, 5.1/2/3/4/99, 6.1-3/4/5-6