Pristimantis

Pristimantis

P. cruentus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Subphylum:	Vertebrata
Class:	Amphibia
Subclass:	Lissamphibia
Order:	Anura
Suborder:	Neobatrachia
Family:	Strabomantidae
Genus:	Pristimantis Jiménez de la Espada, 1871
Species
More than 400, see text

Pristimantis is a frog genus from northern South America and adjacent regions.

It is part of the family Strabomantidae, which was recently recognized as being distinct from the saddleback toads (Brachycephalidae), where the Strabomantis had formerly been classified. The genus Pristimantis itself was long included in the massive genus Eleutherodactylus, and considered part of the Leptodactylidae family.

Species

Pristimantis aaptus
Pristimantis acatallelus
Pristimantis acerus
Pristimantis achatinus
Pristimantis achuar
Pristimantis actinolaimus
Pristimantis actites
Pristimantis acuminatus
Pristimantis acutirostris
Pristimantis adiastolus
Pristimantis adnus
Pristimantis aemulatus
Pristimantis affinis
Pristimantis alalocophus
Pristimantis albericoi
Pristimantis albertus
Pristimantis altae
Pristimantis altamazonicus
Pristimantis altamnis
Pristimantis amydrotus
Pristimantis anemerus
Pristimantis angustilineata
Pristimantis aniptopalmatus
Pristimantis anolirex
Pristimantis anotis
Pristimantis apiculatus
Pristimantis appendiculatus
Pristimantis aquilonaris
Pristimantis aracamuni
Pristimantis ardalonychus
Pristimantis ashkapara
Pristimantis atrabracus
Pristimantis atratus
Pristimantis aurantiguttatus
Pristimantis aureolineatus
Pristimantis aureoventris Kok, Means & Bossuyt, 2011
Pristimantis auricarens
Pristimantis avicuporum
Pristimantis avius
Pristimantis bacchus
Pristimantis baiotis
Pristimantis balionotus
Pristimantis baryecuus
Pristimantis batrachites
Pristimantis bearsei
Pristimantis bellator
Pristimantis bellona
Pristimantis bernali
Pristimantis bicolor
Pristimantis bicumulus
Pristimantis bipunctatus
Pristimantis bisignatus
Pristimantis bogotensis
Pristimantis boulengeri
Pristimantis brevifrons
Pristimantis bromeliaceus
Pristimantis buccinator
Pristimantis buckleyi
Pristimantis cabrerai
Pristimantis cacao
Pristimantis caeruleonotus
Pristimantis cajamarcensis
Pristimantis calcaratus
Pristimantis calcarulatus
Pristimantis caliginosus
Pristimantis cantitans
Pristimantis capitonis
Pristimantis caprifer
Pristimantis carlossanchezi
Pristimantis carmelitae
Pristimantis carranguerorum
Pristimantis carvalhoi
Pristimantis caryophyllaceus
Pristimantis cavernibardus
Pristimantis celator
Pristimantis cerasinus
Pristimantis ceuthospilus
Pristimantis chalceus
Pristimantis charlottevillensis
Pristimantis chiastonotus
Pristimantis chimu
Pristimantis chloronotus
Pristimantis chrysops
Pristimantis citriogaster
Pristimantis colodactylus
Pristimantis colomai
Pristimantis colonensis
Pristimantis colostichos
Pristimantis condor
Pristimantis conspicillatus
Pristimantis cordovae
Pristimantis corniger
Pristimantis coronatus
Pristimantis corrugatus
Pristimantis cosnipatae
Pristimantis cremnobates
Pristimantis crenunguis
Pristimantis crepitans
Pristimantis cristinae
Pristimantis educatoris

E. aaptus Lynch & Lescure, 1980
E. acatallelus Lynch & Ruiz-Carranza, 1983
E. acerus Lynch & Duellman, 1980
E. achatinus Boulenger, 1898
E. actinolaimus Lynch & Rueda-Almonacid, 1998
E. actites Lynch, 1979
E. acuminatus Shreve, 1935
E. acutirostris Lynch, 1984
E. aemulatus Ruiz-Carranza, Lynch & Ardila-Robayo, 1997
E. affinis Werner, 1899
E. alalocophus Roa-Trujillo & Ruiz-Carranza, 1991
E. albericoi Lynch & Ruiz-Carranza, 1996
E. altae Dunn, 1942
E. altamazonicus Barbour & Dunn, 1921
E. anemerus Duellman & Pramuk, 1999
E. angustilineata Lynch, 1998
E. aniptopalmatus Duellman & Hedges, 2005
E. anolirex Lynch, 1983
E. anotis Walker & Test, 1955
E. anthrax Lynch, 2001
E. apiculatus Lynch & Burrowes, 1990
E. appendiculatus Werner, 1894
E. aquilonaris Lehr et al., 2007
E. aracamuni Barrio-Amorós & Molina, 2006
E. ardalonychus Duellman & Pramuk, 1999
E. ashkapara Köhler, 2000
E. atrabracus Duellman & Pramuk, 1999
E. atratus Lynch, 1979
E. aurantiguttatus Ruiz-Carranza, Lynch & Ardila-Robayo, 1997
E. aureolineatus Guayasamin, Ron, Cisneros-Heredia, Lamar &McCracken, 2006
E. avicuporum Duellman & Pramuk, 1999
E. avius Myers & Donnelly, 1997
E. bacchus Lynch, 1984
E. baiotis Lynch, 1998
E. balionutus Lynch, 1979
E. baryecuus Lynch, 1979
E. batrachites Lynch, 2003
E. bearsei Duellman, 1992
E. bellator Lehr et al., 2007
E. bellona Lynch, 1992
E. bernali Lynch, 1986
E. bicolor Rueda-Almonacid & Lynch, 1983
E. bicumulus Peters, 1863
E. bipunctatus Duellman & Hedges, 2005
E. bisignatus Werner, 1899
E. boconoensis Rivero & Mayorga, 1973
E. bogotensis Peters, 1863
E. boulengeri Lynch, 1981
E. brevifrons Lynch, 1981
E. briceni Boulenger, 1903
E. bromeliaceus Lynch, 1979
E. buccinator Rodriguez, 1994
E. buckleyi Boulenger, 1882
E. cabrerai Cochran & Goin, 1970
E. cacao Lynch, 1992
E. caeruleonotus Lehr et al., 2007
E. cajamercensis Barbour & Noble, 1920
E. calcaratus Boulenger, 1908
E. calcarulatus Lynch, 1976
E. caliginosus Lynch, 1996
E. cantitans Myers & Donnelly, 1996
E. capitonis Lynch, 1998
E. caprifer Lynch, 1977
E. carlossanchezi Arroyo, 2007
E. carmelitae Ruthven, 1922
E. carranguerorum Lynch, 1994
E. carvalhoi Lutz, 1952
E. caryophyllaceus Barbour, 1928
E. cavernibardus Myers & Donnelly, 1997
E. celator Lynch, 1976
E. cerasinus Cope, 1875
E. ceuthospilus Duellman & Wild, 1993
E. chalceus Peters, 1873
E. charlottevillensis Kaiser, Dwyer, Feichtinger & Schmid, 1995
E. chiastonotus Lynch & Hoogmoed, 1977
E. chloronotus Lynch, 1969
E. chrysops Lynch & Ruiz-Carranza, 1996
E. citriogaster Duellman, 1992
E. colodactylus Lynch, 1979
E. colomai Lynch & Duellman, 1997
E. colostichos La Marca & Smith, 1982
E. condor Lynch & Duellman, 1980
E. conspicillatus Günther, 1858
E. cordovae Lehr & Duellman, 2007
E. corniger Lynch & Suárez-Mayorga, 2003
E. corrugatus Duellman, Lehr & Venegas, 2006
E. cosnipatae Duellman, 1978
E. cremnobates Lynch & Duellman, 1980
E. crenunguis Lynch, 1976
E. crepitans Bokermann, 1965
E. cristinae Lynch & Ruiz-Carranza, 1985
E. coceoinguinis Lynch, 1968
E. crucifer Boulenger, 1899
E. cruciocularis Lundberg, Aguilar et al., 2006
E. cruentus Peters, 1873
E. cryophilius Lynch, 1979
E. cryptomelas Lynch, 1979
E. cuentasi Lynch, 2003
E. cuneirostris Duellman & Pramuk, 1999
E. curtipes Boulenger, 1882
E. danae Duellman, 1978
E. degener Lynch & Duellman, 1997
E. deinops Lynch, 1996
E. delicatus Ruthven, 1917
E. delius Duellman & Mendelson, 1995
E. devillei Boulenger, 1880
E. diadematus Jiménez de la Espada, 1875
E. doaphonus Lynch, 1986
E. diastema Cope, 1875
E. diogenes Lynch & Ruiz-Carranza, 1996
E. dissimulatus Lynch & Duellman, 1997
E. dorsopictus Rivero & Serna, 1988
E. douglasi Lynch, 1996
E. duellmani Lynch, 1980
E. duende Lynch, 2001
E. dundeei Heyer & Muñoz, 1999
E. elegans Peters, 1863
E. epacrus Lynch & Suárez-Mayorga, 2000
E. eremitus Lynch, 1980
E. eriphus Lynch & Duellman, 1980
E. ernesti Flores, 1987
E. erythropleura Boulenger, 1896
E. esmereldas Guayasamin, 2004
E. eugeniae Lynch & Duellman, 1997
E. euphronides Schwartz, 1967
E. erydactylus Hedges & Schlüter, 1992
E. exoristus Duellman & Pramuk, 1999
E. factiosus Lynch & Rueda-Almonacid, 1998
E. fallax Lynch & Rueda-Almonacid, 1999
E. fenestratus Steindachner, 1864
E. festae Peracca, 1904
E. fetosus Lynch & Rueda-Almonacid, 1998
E. flavobracatus Lundberg, Aguilar et al., 2006
E. floridus Lynch & Duellman, 1997
E. frater Werner, 1899
E. fraudator Lynch & McDiarmid, 1987
E. gaigeae Dunn, 1931
E. galdi Jiménez de la Espada, 1871
E. ganonotus Duellman & Lynch, 1988
E. gentryi Lynch & Duellman, 1997
E. ginesi Rivero, 1964
E. gladiator Lynch, 1976
E. glandulosus Boulenger, 1880
E. gracilis Lynch, 1986
E. grandiceps Lynch, 1984
E. gularis Boulenger, 1898
E. gutturalis Hoogmoed, Lynch & Lescure, 1977
E. hamiotae Flores, 1994
E. hectus Lynch & Burrowes, 1990
E. helvolus Lynch & Rueda-Almonacid, 1998
E. hernandezi Lynch & Ruiz-Carranza, 1983
E. huicundo Guayasamin, Almeida-Reinoso & Nogales-Sornosa, 2004

E. hybotragus Lynch, 1992
E. hylaeformis Cope, 1875
E. ignicolor Lynch & Duellman, 1980
E. illotus Lynch & Duellman, 1997
E. imitatrix Duellman, 1978
E. incanus Lynch & Duellman, 1980
E. incertus Lutz, 1927
E. incomptus Lynch & Duellman, 1980
E. infraguttatus Duellman & Pramuk, 1999
E. inguinalis Parker, 1940
E. insignitus Ruthven, 1917
E. inusitatus Lynch & Duellman, 1980
E. ixalus Lynch, 2003
E. jaimei Lynch, 1992
E. johannesdei Rivero & Serna, 1988
E. jorgevelosai Lynch, 1994
E. juanchoi Lynch, 1996
E. jubatus Garcia & Lynch, 2006
E. kareliae La Marca, 2005
E. katoptroides Flores, 1988
E. kelephas Lynch, 1998
E. kirklandi Flores, 1985
E. labiosus Lynch, Ruiz-Carranza & Ardila-Robayo, 1994
E. lacrimosus Jiménez de la Espada, 1875
E. lancinii Donoso-Barros, 1965
E. lanthanites Lynch, 1975
E. lasalleorum Lynch, 1995
E. laticlavus Lynch & Burrowes, 1990
E. latidiscus Boulenger, 1898
E. lemur Lynch & Rueda-Almonacid, 1998
E. lentiginosus Rivero, 1984
E. leoni Lynch, 1976
E. leptolophus Lynch, 1980
E. leucopus Lynch, 1976
E. librarius Flores & Vigle, 1994
E. lichenoides Lynch & Rueda-Almonacid, 1997
E. lindae Duellman, 1978
E. lirellus Dwyer, 1995
E. lividus Lynch & Duellman, 1980
E. llojsintuta Köhler & Lötters, 1999
E. loustes Lynch, 1979
E. luscombei Duellman & Mendelson, 1995
E. luteolateralis Lynch, 1976
E. lutitus Lynch, 1984
E. lymani Barbour & Noble, 1920
E. lynchi Duellman & Simmons, 1977
E. lythrodes Lynch & Lescure, 1980
E. maculosus Lynch, 1991
E. malkini Lynch, 1980
E. marahuaka Fuentes-Ramos & Barrio-Amoros, 2004
E. marmoratus Boulenger, 1900
E. mars Lynch & Ruiz-Carranza, 1996
E. martiae Lynch, 1974
E. medemi Lynch, 1994
E. megalops Ruthven, 1917
E. melanogaster Duellman & Pramuk, 1999
E. melanoproctus Rivero, 1984
E. memorans Myers & Donnelly, 1997
E. mendax Duellman, 1978
E. mercedesae Lynch & McDiarmid, 1987
E. meridionalis Lehr & Duellman, 2007
E. merostictus Lynch, 1984
E. metabates Duellman & Pramuk, 1999
E. miyatai Lynch, 1984
E. mnionaetes Lynch, 1998
E. modipeplus Lynch, 1981
E. molybrignus Lynch, 1986
E. mondolfii Rivero, 1984
E. moro Savage, 1965
E. muricatus Lynch & Miyata, 1980
E. muscosus Duellman & Pramuk, 1999
E. museosus Ibáñez, Jaramillo & Arosemena, 1994
E. myersi Goin & Cochran, 1963
E. myops Lynch, 1998
E. nephophilus Duellman & Pramuk, 1999
E. nervicus Lynch, 1994
E. nicefori Cochran & Goin, 1970
E. nigrogriseus Andersson, 1945
E. nyctophylax Lynch, 1976
E. obmutescens Lynch, 1980
E. ocellatus Lynch & Burrowes, 1990
E. ockendeni Boulenger, 1912
E. ocreatus Lynch, 1981
E. olivaceus Köhler, Morales, Lötters, Reichle & Aparicio, 1998
E. orcesi Lynch, 1972
E. orestes Lynch, 1979
E. ornatissimus Despax, 1911
E. ornatus Lundberg, Aguilar et al., 2006
E. orpacobates Lynch, Ruiz-Carranza & Ardila-Robayo, 1994
E. orphnolaimus Lynch, 1970
E. ortizi Guayasamin, Almeida-Reinoso & Nogales-Sornosa, 2004
E. padrecarlosi Mueses-Cisneros, 2006
E. paisa Lynch & Ardila-Robayo, 1999
E. palmeri Boulenger, 1912
E. paramerus Rivero, 1984
E. pardalinus Lundberg, Aguilar et al., 2006
E. pardalis Barbour, 1928
E. parectatus Lynch & Rueda-Almonacid, 1998
E. parvillus Lynch, 1976
E. partazensis Andersson, 1945
E. pataikos Duellman & Pramuk, 1999
E. paululus Lynch, 1974
E. pecki Duellman & Lynch, 1988
E. pedimontanus La Marca, 2004
E. penelopus Lynch & Rueda-Almonacid, 1999
E. peraticus Lynch, 1980
E. percnopterus Duellman & Pramuk, 1999
E. percultus Lynch, 1979
E. permixtus Lynch, Ruiz-Carranza & Ardila-Robayo, 1994
E. peruvianus Melin, 1941
E. petersi Lynch & Duellman, 1980
E. petrobardus Duellman, 1991
E. phalarus Lynch, 1998
E. philipi Lynch & Duellman, 1995
E. phoxocephalus Lynch, 1979
E. phragmipleuron Rivero et Serna, 1988
E. piceus Lynch, Ruiz-Carranza & Ardila-Robayo, 1996
E. pinguis Duellman & Pramuk, 1999
E. pirrensis Ibáñez & Crawford, 2004
E. platychilus Lynch, 1996
E. platydactylus Boulenger, 1903
E. pleurostriatus Rivero, 1984
E. pluvicanorus De la Riva & Lynch, 1997
E. polemistes Lynch & Ardila-Robayo, 2004
E. polychrus Ruiz-Carranza, Lynch & Ardila-Robayo, 1997
E. prolatus Lynch & Duellman, 1980
E. prolixodiscus Lynch, 1978
E. prosperens Lynch, 1979
E. pruinatus Myers & Donnelly, 1996
E. pseudoacuminatus Shreve, 1935
E. pteridophilus Lynch & Duellman, 1997
E. ptochus Lynch, 1998
E. pugnax Lynch, 1973
E. pulvinatus Rivero, 1968
E. pycnodermis Lynch, 1979
E. pyrrhomerus Lynch, 1976
E. quantus Lynch, 1998
E. quaquaversus Lynch, 1974
E. quidditus Lynch, 2001
E. quiquagesimus Lynch & Trueb, 1980
E. racemus Lynch, 1980
E. reclusas Lynch, 2003
E. renjiforum Lynch, 2000
E. repens Lynch, 1984
E. restrepoi Lynch, 1996
E. reticulatus Walker & Test, 1955
E. rhabdocnemus Duellman & Hedges, 2005
E. rhabdolaemus Duellman, 1978
E. rhodoplichus Duellman & Wild, 1993
E. rhodostichus Duellman & Pramuk, 1999
E. ridens Cope, 1866
E. riveroi Lynch & La Marca, 1993
E. riveti Despax, 1911
E. rosadoi Flores, 1988
E. roseus Boulenger, 1918
E. rozei Rivero, 1961
E. rubicundus Jiménez de la Espada, 1875
E. ruedai Ruiz-Carranza, Lynch & Ardila-Robayo, 1997
E. ruficolis Duellman & Pramuk, 1999
E. ruidus Lynch, 1979
E. ruthveni Lynch & Ruiz-Carranza, 1985
E. sagittulus Lehr, Aguilar & Duellman, 2004
E. salaputium Duellman, 1978
E. samaipatae Köhler & Jungfer, 1995
E. sancaemartae Ruthven, 1917
E. sanguineus Lynch, 1998
E. satagius Lynch, 1995
E. savagei Pyburn & Lynch, 1981
E. schultei Duellman, 1990
E. scitulus Duellman, 1978
E. scoloblepharus Lynch, 1991
E. scolodiscus Lynch & Burrowes, 1990
E. scopaeus Lynch, Ruiz-Carranza & Ardila-Robayo, 1996
E. serendipitus Duellman & Pramuk, 1999
E. shrevei Schwartz, 1967
E. signifer Ruiz-Carranza, Lynch & Ardila-Robayo, 1997
E. silverstonei Lynch & Ruiz-Carranza, 1996
E. simonbolivari Wiens & Coloma, 1992
E. simonsii Boulenger, 1900
E. simoteriscus Lynch, Ruiz-Carranza & Ardila-Robayo, 1997
E. simoterus Lynch, 1980
E. siopelus Lynch & Burrowes, 1990
E. skydmainos Flores & Rodriguez, 1997
E. sobetes Lynch, 1980
E. spilogaster Lynch, 1984
E. spinosus Lynch, 1979
E. stenodiscus Walker e& Test, 1955
E. sternothylax Duellman & Wild, 1993
E. stictoboubonus Duellman et al., 2006
E. stictogaster Duellman & Hedges, 2005
E. subsigillatus Boulenger, 1902
E. suetus Lynch & Rueda-Almonacid, 1998
E. sulculus Lynch & Burrowes, 1990
E. supernatis Lynch, 1979
E. surdus (Boulenger, 1882)
E. susaguae Rueda-Almonacid, Lynch & Galvis, 2003
E. taciturnus Lynch & Suárez-Mayorga, 2003
E. taeniatus Boulenger, 1912
E. tamsitti Cochran & Goin, 1970
E. tayrona Lynch & Ruiz-Carranza, 1985
E. telefericus La Marca, 2005
E. tenebrionis Lynch & Miyata, 1980
E. terraebolivaris Rivero, 1961
E. thectopternus Lynch, 1975
E. thymalopsoides Lynch, 1976
E. thymelensis Lynch, 1972
E. tigrillo Savage, 1997
E. tinker Lynch, 2001
E. toftae Duellman, 1978
E. torrenticola Lynch & Rueda-Almonacid, 1998
E. trachyblepharis Boulenger, 1918
E. tribulosus Lynch & Rueda-Almonacid, 1997
E. truebae Lynch & Duellman, 1997
E. tubernasus Rivero, 1984
E. turpinorum Hardy, 2001
E. turumiquirensis Rivero, 1961
E. uisae Lynch, 2003
E. unistrigatus Günther, 1859
E. uranobates Lynch, 1991
E. urichi Boettger, 1894
E. vanadise La Marca, 1984
E. variabilis Lynch, 1968
E. veletis Lynch & Rueda-Almonacid, 1997
E. ventrimarmoratus Boulenger, 1912
E. verecundus Lynch & Burrowes, 1990
E. versicolor Lynch, 1979
E. vertebralis Boulenger, 1886
E. vicarius Lynch & Ruiz-Carranza, 1983
E. vidua Lynch, 1979
E. viejas Lynch & Rueda-Almonacid, 1999
E. vilarsi Melin, 1941
E. viridicans Lynch, 1977
E. viridis Ruiz-Carranza, Lynch & Ardila-Robayo, 1997
E. vocator Taylor, 1955
E. wagteri Venegas, 2007 Journal of Herpetology, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 394–400, 2007
E. walkeri Lynch, 1974
E. wiensi Duellman & Wild, 1993
E. w-nigrum Boettger, 1892
E. xeniolum Lynch, 2001
Eleutherodactylus xestus Lynch, 1995
E. xylochobates Lynch & Ruiz-Carranza, 1996
E. yaviensis Myers & Donnelly, 1996
E. zeuctotylus Lynch & Hoogmoed, 1977
E. zimmermanae Heyer & Hardy, 1991
E. zophus Lynch & Ardila-Robayo, 1999

References

Frost, Darrel R. 2008. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.2 (15 July 2008). Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA.
Kok, P.J.R., Means, D.B., & Bossuyt, F. (2011). "A new highland species of Pristimantis Jimenez de la Espada, 1871 (Anura: Strabomantidae) from the Pantepui region, northern South America." Zootaxa 2934: 1-19.
AMNH Geconsulteerd 24 augustus 2008
Amphibiaweb