| Adelheid-Marie of Anhalt-Dessau | |
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| Duchess of Nassau Grand Duchess of Luxembourg |
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| Tenure | 1851-1866 |
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| Tenure | 1890-1905 |
| Spouse | Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg |
| Issue | |
| William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg Hilda, Grand Duchess of Baden |
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| House | House of Ascania House of Nassau-Weilburg |
| Father | Prince Frederick Augustus of Anhalt-Dessau |
| Mother | Landgravine Marie Louise Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel |
| Born | 25 December 1833 Dessau |
| Died | 24 November 1916 (aged 82) Königstein im Taunus |
Princess Adelheid-Marie of Anhalt-Dessau (German: Adelheid-Marie; French: Adélaïde-Marie) (25 December 1833 – 24 November 1916) was a Princess of Anhalt-Dessau and member of the House of Ascania. As the wife of Adolphe of Nassau, she was the last Duchess of Nassau from 1851 until 1866 and the first Grand Duchess of Luxembourg from 1890 until 1905.
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Adelheid Marie was born in Dessau in the Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau on Christmas Day 1833 to Prince Frederick Augustus of Anhalt-Dessau and Landgravine Marie Louise Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel.
On 23 April 1851 in Dessau, as his second wife, she was married to Adolphe of Nassau, Duke of Nassau and later Grand Duke of Luxembourg. They had five children, of whom only two lived to the age of eighteen and to become prince and princess of Luxembourg:
Duke Adolph supported the Austrian Empire in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866. After Austria's defeat, Nassau was annexed to the Kingdom of Prussia and Adolph and Marie Adelheid lost their throne on 20 September 1866.
In 1890, King William III of the Netherlands died. His only daughter Wilhelmina succeeded on his death without surviving male issue to the Dutch throne, but was excluded from the succession to the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg by the Salic Law. The Grand Duchy, which had been linked to the Netherlands since 1815, passed to the Dutch royal family's distant relative - the dispossessed Duke Adolphe - on 23 November 1890, in accordance with the Nassau Family Pact. Marie Adelheid now became Grand Duchess of Luxembourg.
Marie Adelheid died on 24 November 1916 in Königstein in Taunus.
The Grand Dukes of Luxembourg are still descendants of Adolphe and Marie-Adelheid, although cognatically, since the very independence of the Grand-Duchy required an alteration of the succession laws at the absence of male heirs.
Adelheid-Marie's ancestors in three generations
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8. Leopold III, Duke of Anhalt-Dessau |
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4. Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Anhalt-Dessau |
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9. Louise Henriette of Brandenburg-Schwedt |
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2. Frederick Augustus of Anhalt-Dessau |
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10. Frederick V, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg |
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5. Amalie of Hesse-Homburg |
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11. Karoline of Hesse-Darmstadt |
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1. Adelheid-Marie of Anhalt-Dessau |
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12. Landgrave Frederick of Hesse-Kassel |
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6. Landgrave William of Hesse-Kassel |
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13. Princess Caroline of Nassau-Usingen |
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3. Marie Louise Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel |
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14. Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Denmark and Norway |
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7. Louise Charlotte of Denmark |
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15. Sophia Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin |
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Princess Adelheid-Marie of Anhalt-Dessau
Born: 25 December 1833 Died: 24 November 1916 |
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| Luxembourgish royalty | ||
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| Preceded by Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont |
Grand Duchess consort of Luxembourg 1890–1905 |
Succeeded by Marie Anne of Portugal |
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