Praetorium

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The term praetorium, also spelled prœtorium or pretorium, was originally used to identify the general’s tent within a Roman castra, castellum, or encampment.[1] The word originates from the name of the chief Roman magistrate, known as Praetor.[2] The general’s war council would meet within this tent, thus acquiring an administrative and juridical meaning that was carried over into the Byzantine Empire, where the praitōrion was the residence of a city's governor. The term was also used for the emperor's headquarters. Praetorium can be used to describe the governor of a Roman province or any other large residential building or palace.[3] The name would also be used to identify the Praetorian Camp and Praetorian troops stationed in Rome.[4] Praetor ("leader") was originally the title of the highest-ranking civil servant in the Roman Republic but later became a position directly below the rank of consul. A general's lifeguard was known as the cohors praetoriae, out of which developed the Pretorian Guard, the emperor's lifeguard.

Contents

Description

Due to the vast number of uses for the word praetorium, describing exactly what one is can be difficult. A praetorium could be a large building, a permanent tent structure, or in some cases even be mobile.

Exterior

Since the praetorium originated as the officer's quarters it could be a tent, but was often a large structure. The important design aspect of the praetorium is not symmetry, but rather proportion of one element to another.[5] The Praetorium was constructed around two open courts, which correspond to the atrium and peristyle of the roman house. Most praetoriums had areas surrounding them delegated for exercise and drills conducted by the troops. The area ahead of the camp would be occupied by the tents housing the commander's soldiers.[6][7][8] They were made with brick, covered in plaster, with many arches and columns.

Interior

Within the praetorium Roman officers would be able to conduct official business within special designed and designated areas.[9] A Praetorium would normally display information regarding the sportulae (schedule of fees and taxes) of its region carved directly into the walls of its main public areas. This would often be located near the office of the financial procurator.[10]

Biblical reference

In the New Testament, praetorium refers to the palace of Pontius Pilate, the Roman procurator of Judea. According to the New Testament, this is where Jesus Christ was tried and condemned to death.[11] The Bible refers to the Praetorium as the "common hall," the "governor's house," the "judgment hall," "Pilate's house," and the "palace." As well, Paul was held in Herod's Praetorium.

References

Notes

  1. ^ Smith, William. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, 2 ed., s.v. "Praetorium." London: John Murray, 1872.
  2. ^ Smith, William. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, 2 ed., s.v. "Praetorium." London: John Murray, 1872.
  3. ^ Smith, William. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, 2 ed., s.v. "Praetorium." London: John Murray, 1872.
  4. ^ Smith, William. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, 2 ed., s.v. "Praetorium." London: John Murray, 1872.
  5. ^ Evans, Edith . "Military Architects and Building Design in Roman Britain." Britannia 25 (1994): 159-161.
  6. ^ Shipley, F. W.. "The Saalburg Collection." The Classical Weekly Vol. 2.No. 13 (1909): 100-102. Print.
  7. ^ Frere, S. S., M. W. C. Hassall, and R. S. O. Tomlin. "Roman Britain in 1988." Britannia Vol. 20 (1989): 257-345.
  8. ^ Walthew, C. V.. "Modular Planning in First-Century A.D. Romano-British Auxiliary Forts." Britannia Vol. 36 (2005): 301. Print.
  9. ^ Magness, Jodi. "Masada 1995: Discoveries at Camp F." The Biblical Archaeologist Vol. 59.No. 3 (1996): 181. Print.
  10. ^ De Segni, L, J Patrich, and K Holum. "A Schedule of Fees (Sportulae) for Official Services from Caesarea Maritima, Israel." Zeitschrift fur Papyrologie und Epigraphik 145 (2003): 273-300. JSTOR. Web. 15 Nov. 2011.
  11. ^ Burrows, Millar. "The Fortress Antonia and the Praetorium." The Biblical Archaeologist 1.No. 3 (1938): 17-19. Print.

External links