| Luz | ||
| Praia da Luz | ||
| Civil Parish (Freguesia) | ||
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A partial view of the built-up tourist-friendly area of Praia da Luz
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| Official name: Freguesia de Luz | ||
| Name origin: luz, Portuguese for light, named for the ecclesiastical parish of Nossa Senhora da Luz (Our Lady of Light) | ||
| Country | Portugal | |
|---|---|---|
| Region | Algarve | |
| Subregion | Algarve | |
| District | Faro | |
| Municipality | Lagos | |
| Localities | Almadena, Espiche, Luz | |
| Rivers | Ribeira de Almadena, Ribeira de Espiche, Ribeira da Luz, Ribeira do Vale de Barão | |
| Center | Praia da Luz | |
| - elevation | 58 m (190 ft) | |
| - coordinates | ||
| Highest point | ||
| - location | Montinhos da Luz, Praia da Luz, Lagos | |
| - elevation | 99 m (325 ft) | |
| Lowest point | Sea level | |
| - location | Atlantic Ocean, Praia da Luz, Lagos | |
| - elevation | 0 m (0 ft) | |
| Length | 4.04 km (3 mi), Northwest-Southeast | |
| Width | 7.26 km (5 mi), Southwest-Northeast | |
| Area | 21.78 km2 (8 sq mi) | |
| Population | 3,068 (2001) | |
| Density | 140.86 / km2 (365 / sq mi) | |
| LAU | Freguesia/Junta Freguesia | |
| - location | Rua de 25 de Abril, Praia da Luz, Lagos | |
| President Junta | Pedro Manuel Santa Rita Figueiredo Magalhães | |
| Timezone | WET (UTC0) | |
| - summer (DST) | WEST (UTC+1) | |
| ISO 3166-2 code | PT- | |
| Postal Zone | 8600-174 Luz | |
| Area Code & Prefix | (+351) 282 XXX XXX | |
| Demonym | Luzenses | |
| Patron Saint | Nossa Senhora da Luz | |
| Parish Address | Rua de 25 de Abril, 35 8600-174 Luz |
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| Wikimedia Commons: Praia da Luz | ||
| Statistics: Instituto Nacional de Estatística[1] | ||
| Website: http://www.luz.lagosdigital.com/ | ||
| Geographic detail from CAOP (2010)[2] produced by Instituto Geográfico Português (IGP) | ||
Praia da Luz (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpɾajɐdɐˈluʃ]), officially Luz, is a civil parish, village and resort located about 6 km from the municipality of Lagos in the Algarve, Portugal.[3] Also known as Luz de Lagos or Vila da Luz, "Praia da Luz", which means Beach of the Light, is used to refer to both the village and the beach. It had its origins as a small fishing village (the industry is now only found in isolated enclaves to the west), but has been transformed by several holiday-villa complexes into a tourist/vacation centre.
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Historians Estácio da Veiga and José da Encarnação have proved that settlements of Luz have existed for millennia, and that many cultures have crossed the territory.[4] At the end of the 19th century, various castros were discovered in the area of Serro Grande, that included various funerary tombs with galleries, dating to the Neolithic period.[4] In these sites there were vestiges of Neolithic implements, artefacts from the Iron Age, as well as a rock axe that was discovered in Espiche. The existence of human artefacts and shell mounds in the area is a constant, suggesting a human presence before organized civilization.[4]
The Romans left behind the remnants of a spa, which represents one of the more important archaeological discoveries of the modern municipality. Following the decline of the Pax Romana, the Algarve began to be threatened by peoples from the lands of ancient Morocco.[4] The Arabs brought with them many of the fruit orchards that continue to exist in the foothills of Luz. Moorish rule in the Algarve resulted in the assimilation of the indigenous cultures, transforming the region into a major economic power.[4]
The Christian conquest and Reconquista resulted in the expulsion of the Moors from the Algarve, in the institutionalization of Christianity and the building of churches.[4] During the Middle Ages, the parish was officially referred to as Nossa Senhora da Luz.
King Manuel I, through his 1 June 1504 foral, recognized the importance of Lagos, in the Kingdom of the Algarve, for the quantity of fish catches at the time (primarily of tuna and sardine caught in Luz).[4] Three factories eventually developed in the region, the most recent developing in 1884, which served to conserve fish in olive oil, preceding the salting of sardine in the same fashion.[4] These factories supported 100 workers, with the majority (60) women. Much later, another factory, in Espiche, was also constructed (but today only the ruins remain). Luz was also a major producer of figs (regularly exported to the fine sweets industry that developed), while wheat and barley were being cultivated in many of the parcels around the parish seat.[4]
Much like many of the coastal communities of Portugal, Luz was suseptible to attacks by pirates from the North of Africa. Luz was frequently attacked by Moors, who plied the water of the Algarve, attacked small settlements, and pillaged the treasures of the churches and homes of its residences.[4] The priest Vicente Benevides noted that the original image of Nossa Senhora da Luz was taken by the Moors in one of those raids. Forces loyal to the King discovered the image, and the King returned it to Luz, where he ordered the construction of a fortress to safeguard the image and protect the community. Within the fortress, a tower was constructed in 1624 and a wall was later added to circle the fortress, by the then Captain-General of the Kingdom of the Algarve, the Count of Pontével.[4]
The parish of Luz was formally constituted in 1673.[4] The origins of the settlement date to the construction of a fortress in the area of Luz, and the presence of fishermen along the coast, especially after the establishment of an industry in the 15th and 16th centuries,[4] when sardine fishing employed around 90 men.[4]
At the beginning of the 18th century, the parish of Luz was de-annexed from the main parish of Santa Maria.[4]
The use of the name Praia da Luz is actually a recent trend in the vernacular. Introduced by sunbathers, it was first recorded in 1928, and its use increased rapidly in the second half of the 20th century, with the tourist influx. Yet there still remains a distinction between the modern civil parish of Luz, and the medieval centre, which latter includes the historical village.[4]
Praia da Luz became more familiar to the international public in 2007, when on 3 May Madeleine McCann disappeared from a holiday flat, as her parents ate at a nearby tapas restaurant.[5]
Luz is located in the southwest corner of the municipality of Lagos, and covers an area of 21.78 km². It is bordered to the south by the Atlantic Ocean, to the north by the civil parish of Barão de São João, to the east by Santa Maria and São Sebastião, and it is adjacent to the civil parish of Budens, in the municipality of Vila do Bispo. The parish includes three settlements (Luz, Espiche and Almadena).
The relief of the parish is marked by two mountainous areas, Montinhos da Luz (99 metres) and Montinhos do Burgau (68 metres), while four ravines flow from north to south: Ribeira do Vale de Barão, Ribeira de Almadena, Ribeira de Espiche and Ribeira da Luz.[4] The beach in Praia da Luz is an intermediate-size Blue Flag beach with two distinct zones: the white sand beach and rocky cliff zone, characteristic of the Algarve. While the waters are typically clean and transparent, its temperatures are variable, owing to the influence of the Atlantic currents.
Demographically, the older parish of Luz was a small centre. By the 18th century, following the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, the region was decimated, and many of its residents abandoned the region. The development of the region only began in the second half of the 19th century. The census of 1893 indicated a population of less than 1712 inhabitants.
Luz is dominated by its beach, and extends as far as the cliffs of the southern coast, and part of the Algarvian Gold Coast (Portuguese: Costa de Oiro). During the Age of Discovery, fishing was the spur that developed the settlements of Luz during the 13th and 14th centuries, progressing to whaling by the 16th century: it constitutes one of the more important economic poles of socio-economic development with the municipality of Lagos.[4] Fishing, including octopus potting, was the predominant occupation in Praia da Luz until it was surpassed by tourism in the 1980s; the resort industry developed around the old fishing village.
Luz's beach and setting have attracted many visitors to the region, resulting in a shift from an economy based on fishing to one providing services for local tourists.[4] Along the beach, many of the canning plants were closed and replaced by windsurfing and diving schools, as well as discos, restaurants and shops tailoring to the seasonal visitor.[4] The once prominent casino closed, and was replaced by a local primary school, before becoming the seat of the parish government and health centre.[4]
Similarly, many of the agricultural fields were purchased by developers, resulting in the building of many holiday villages, apartments, hotels and resorts.[4]
Many of the fishermen became employees of the hotel industry, while the cannery employees, welders and farmers began working in civil construction.[4]
The settlements of Luz have become holiday destinations for citizens primarily from the United Kingdom, Ireland, France and Germany, as well as local vacationers from within Portugal.[4] In some cases, foreign tourists have chosen to make it their permanent home.[4]
The visitor to Luz encounters many façades with Manueline-era architectural motifs.[4] There are many habitational structures that correspond to the estilo chão ("ground style") typical of the rural buildings that date back to the end of the 18th century.[4] In the first half of the 19th century, many of the more official homes and buildings began to appear in the Algarvian Neo-baroque style.[4] Meanwhile, the period was also marked by simple single-storey homes, covered in tiled roofs, typical of Luz.