Philotimus, (Greek: Φιλότιμος), (4th and 3rd centuries BC), an eminent Greek physician, a pupil of Praxagoras,[1] and a fellow pupil of Herophilus.[2] He was also a contemporary of Erasistratus,[3] and is quoted by Heraclides of Tarentum,[4] and therefore must have lived in the 4th and 3rd centuries BC. Celsus mentions him as one of the eminent physicians of antiquity;[5] and he is quoted by several of the ancient medical writers, viz. Caelius Aurelianus,[6] Oribasius,[7] Aëtius,[8] and very frequently by Galen.
He belonged to the Logical or Dogmatic school,[9] and wrote several medical works, of which only a few fragments remain. Athenaeus quotes a work on Cookery,[10] and another on Food, consisting of at least thirteen books;[11] this later work is several times quoted by Galen.[12] In an anatomical treatise which he wrote he pronounced the brain and the heart to be useless organs,[13] and the former to be merely an excessive development and offshoot of the spinal marrow.[14] Philotimus is quoted in various other parts of Galen's writings, and Plutarch relates an anecdote of him.[15] He is also quoted by the scholiast on Homer.[16]