Phacopina

†Phacopina
Temporal range: Tremadocian to Famennian

[1]
Reedops deckeri , a trilobite
of the suborder Phacopina
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Trilobita
Order: Phacopida
Suborder: Phacopina
superfamilies
  • superfamily Phacopoidea
  • superfamily Dalmanitoidea
  • superfamily Acastoidea

The Phacopina[2] comprise a suborder of the trilobite order Phacopida. Species belonging to the Phacopina lived from the Lower Ordovician (Tremadocian) through the end of the Upper Devonian (Famennian). The one unique feature that distinguishes Phacopina from all other trilobites are the very large, separately set lenses without a common cornea of the compound eye.

Contents

Habitat

As far as known, all Phacopina species were marine bottom-dwellers.

Origin

The Early Ordovician genus Gyrometopus (superfamily Dalmanitoidea, family Diaphanometopidae) is probably close to the common ancestor of the Phacopina. Gyrometopus is phacopid in appearance, but its cephalic doublure is crossed left and right by sutures that define a rostral plate, unlike in other Phacopina.[3]

Description

The eyes (if present) consist of very large (0.07mm in Tricopelta breviceps to 0.5mm in Phacops rana), separately set lenses without a common cornea (so called schizochroal eyes)[ [1]]. However, some Phacopina species lack eyes, such as the species of the genus Ductina. The natural fracture lines (sutures) of the head run along the top edges of the compound eye. From the back of the eye these cut to the side of the head (proparian) and not to the back. In front of the eye, the right and left facial sutures connect in front of the inflated glabella and consequently the free cheeks (or librigenae) are yoked as a single piece. The part of the skeleton that is ‘tucked under’ (the doublure) has no sutures crossing it to form a rostral plate. The thorax has 11 (rarely 10) segments, the side lobes (or pleurae) are furrowed, and the articulating facets distinct.[4][5]

Systematics

The Phacopina contain 3 superfamilies and 7 families:

Superfamily Phacopoidea

Superfamily Dalmanitoidea

Superfamily Acastoidea

Gallery

References

  1. ^ Moore, R.C. (ed.). Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part O – Arthropoda (Trilobitomorpha). 1959
  2. ^ Struve, W. Suborder Phacopina, p. O461. In: Moore, R.C. (ed.). Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part O – Arthropoda (Trilobitomorpha). 1959
  3. ^ Jaanusson, V. Evolutionary processes leading to the trilobite suborder Phacopina. Fossils and Strata 4:209–218, fig. 1–5. 1975
  4. ^ Richter, R. Crustacea (Paläontologie). 1933
  5. ^ Whittington, H. B. et al. Part O, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Revised, Volume 1 – Trilobita – Introduction, Order Agnostina, Order Redlichiida. 1997

External links