Pechory
Pechory (Russian: Печоры; Estonian (incl. Seto dialect): Petseri; German: Petschur) is a town and the administrative center of Pechorsky District of Pskov Oblast, Russia. Population: 11,195 (2010 Census preliminary results);[3] 13,056 (2002 Census);[4] 11,935 (1989 Census).[6] The population includes a few hundred ethnic Estonians.
The town is famous for the Russian Orthodox Pskovo-Pechersky Monastery.
It was founded as a posad near Pskovo-Pechersky Monastery in the 16th century and soon developed into an important trading post. During the reign of Ivan the Terrible, Pechory was an important border stronghold. It was besieged numerous times by Russia's enemies: Stefan Batory's forces sacked the settlement during the Siege of Pskov (1581); the Swedes or the Polish stormed Pechory in 1592, 1611, 1615, 1630, and from 1655 to 1657.
After the Great Northern War ended, Russians rebuilt the fortifications and Boris Sheremetev began his campaign of 1701 in Pechory. In the 20th century, the settlement, which had been in oblivion for centuries, regained its status as a town (1918). From February to December 1918, Pechory was occupied by the Germans. During the Estonian War of Independence, the town was occupied by the Estonian army on March 29, 1919. Under the terms of the Tartu Peace Treaty, Pechory and the territory around it, called Setomaa, were given to Estonia.
During the inter-war years, Petseri, as it was called at that time, was the centre of Petserimaa (Petseri County), one of the eleven counties that made up the Republic of Estonia. St. Peter's Lutheran Church was built in 1926. During World War II the town was occupied by the German Army from August 1941 until August 11, 1944.
In 1944, after Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union, Pechory and most of Petseri county were transferred to Pskov Oblast of the RSFSR. The territory has remained under Russian control ever since. In 1956, Pechory Secondary School No. 2 was opened for Estonian-speaking pupils.
After Estonian independence in 1991, the town, and the territory around it, were claimed for Estonia because of the Tartu Peace Treaty, in which the Soviet Union had relinquished further claims on Estonian territory.[7] In November 1995, a report said that Estonia had dropped this claim.[8] A newer Estonian-Russian Border Treaty went into effect on May 18, 2005, reflecting the later border changes.[9]
Estonian Painter Alfred Hirv was a native of Pechory/Petseri, as were writer Lilli Promet and footballer Jaanus Sirel.
References
- ^ a b c d Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 58 240 501», в ред. изменения №168/2011 от 1 октября 2011 г. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division . Code 58 240 501, as amended by the Amendment #168/2010 of October 1, 2011. ).
- ^ a b c Law #420-oz, Article 15.2
- ^ a b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2011). "Предварительные итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года (Preliminary results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/results-inform.php. Retrieved 2011-04-25.
- ^ a b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
- ^ Правительство Российской Федерации. Постановление №725 от 31 августа 2011 г. «О составе территорий, образующих каждую часовую зону, и порядке исчисления времени в часовых зонах, а также о признании утратившими силу отдельных Постановлений Правительства Российской Федерации». Вступил в силу по истечении 7 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", №197, 6 сентября 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011 On the Composition of the Territories Included into Each Time Zone and on the Procedures of Timekeeping in the Time Zones, as Well as on Abrogation of Several Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation. Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication).
- ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров. (All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers.)" (in Russian). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1989. http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus89_reg.php. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
- ^ Georg von Rauch (1974), The Baltic States: The Years of Independence, 1917-1940, London: C. Hurst & Co.
- ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=dt2TXexiKTgC&pg=PT455&dq=%22Petseri+County%22&sig=ACfU3U2Md8I0JrpQE1wzxyESv-BsbixbnA#v=onepage&q=%22Petseri%20County%22&f=false
- ^ http://www.estemb.se/estonian_review/aid-427 Estonian Parliament ratifies Estonian-Russian border treaties
Sources
- Псковское областное Собрание депутатов. Закон №420-оз от 28 февраля 2005 г. «Об установлении границ и статусе вновь образуемых муниципальных образований на территории Псковской области», в ред. Закона №1063-оз от 7 апреля 2011 г «О внесении изменения в статью 18 Закона Псковской области "Об установлении границ и статусе вновь образуемых муниципальных образований на территории Псковской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Псковская правда", №41-43, №44-46, №49-51, 4 марта 2005 г., 5 марта 2005 г., 11 марта 2005 г. (Pskov Oblast Council of Deputies. Law #420-oz of February 28, 2005 On Establishing the Borders and the Status of the Newly Formed Municipal Formations on the Territory of Pskov Oblast, as amended by the Law #1063-oz of April 7, 2011 On Amending Article 18 of the Law of Pskov Oblast "On Establishing the Borders and the Status of the Newly Formed Municipal Formations on the Territory of Pskov Oblast". Effective as of the official publication date).
External links