| Penola South Australia |
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Penola town centre |
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Penola
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| Population: | 1,317 (2006 Census)[1] | ||||||
| Established: | 1850 | ||||||
| Postcode: | 5277 | ||||||
| Elevation: | 65 m (213 ft) | ||||||
| Location: | 388 km (241 mi) southeast of Adelaide | ||||||
| LGA: | Wattle Range Council | ||||||
| State District: | MacKillop | ||||||
| Federal Division: | Barker | ||||||
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Penola is located 388 km south east of Adelaide and is in the heart of one of South Australia's most productive wine growing areas. Coonawarra lies just to the north and is renowned for the quality of its red wines. At the 2006 census, Penola had a population of 1,317.[1]
The town is also known as the central location in the life of Mary MacKillop (St Mary of the Cross), the first Australian to gain Roman Catholic sainthood,[2] who alongside with Julian Tenison Woods in 1866 established the first free Catholic school[3][4] using the Woods/MacKillop Catholic education system in Australia,[5] St. Joseph's School.[6] Woods and MacKillop also established in Penola 'her' order of nuns, the Congregation of the Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart. The order, otherwise known as the 'Josephites' or 'Brown Joeys' continue to work with the poor and needy communities throughout the world today.[7]
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The first Europeans to the area were the Austin brothers who arrived in 1840 and established a run of 109 square miles (282 km²). The first settlers were Scottish-born Alexander Cameron and his wife Margaret in January 1844 after obtaining an occupation licence. In April 1850 Cameron obtained 80 acres (0.3 km²) of freehold land, his station was on a pastoral lease, and established the private town of Panoola, later known as Penola.
By 1850, Brad had built the Royal Oak Hotel and was doing extremely well financially supplying liquor to the many travellers passing through to the Victorian goldfields. Penola Post Office opened around 1852.[8]
John Riddoch purchased Yallum in 1861. Riddoch grew up in poverty in the highlands of Scotland and in 1851 emigrated to try his luck on the Victorian goldfields. Within a few years he was a successful shopkeeper and wine merchant on the Geelong goldfields. He acquired 35,000 acres (142 km²) on which he ran 50,000 head of sheep.
It was Riddoch who planted the first grape vines and helped to diversify the pastoral economy of the area with an agricultural industry. In 1890 he established the Penola Fruit Growing Colony which was renamed Coonawarra in 1897.
In 2010, a tornado ripped through the township destroying at least four buildings and damaging many more.[9]
The Mary MacKillop Interpretive Centre is located in Penola. It is within close proximity to the two State Heritage sites of Petticoat Lane and the original stone schoolhouse developed by Mary MacKillop in conjunction with Father Julian Tenison Woods in the 1800s.
Penola is in the local government area of the Wattle Range Council. It is in the state electorate of MacKillop and the federal Division of Barker.
The town has an Australian Rules football team competing in the Kowree-Naracoorte-Tatiara Football League.[10]
Penola is also the name of a high school in Melbourne, named after the South Australian town due to its link to its patron saint Mary MacKillop.
오늘날 페놀라는 와인농사가 주를 이루고 있습니다 만약 여러분이 페놀라를 방문하시게 된다면 엄청난 광경을 목격하게 될 것이다 호주 다른 지역도 와인농장이 많지만 쿠나와라와 페놀라의 와인농장을 보게 되면 감탄을 이루지 못할 것이다.
Penola has been home to some notable and interesting people. Among them Saint Mary MacKillop, poets John Shaw Neilson and Adam Lindsay Gordon, Father J.T. Woods, William Henry Ogilvie, Sara Douglass and John Riddoch.