| BMP/ELECTROLYTES: | |||
| Na+=140 | Cl−=100 | BUN=20 | / |
| Glu=150 | |||
| K+=4 | CO2=22 | PCr=1.0 | \ |
| ARTERIAL BLOOD GAS: | |||
| HCO3-=24 | paCO2=40 | paO2=95 | pH=7.40 |
| ALVEOLAR GAS: | |||
| pACO2=36 | pAO2=105 | A-a g=10 | |
| OTHER: | |||
| Ca=9.5 | Mg2+=2.0 | PO4=1 | |
| CK=55 | BE=−0.36 | AG=16 | |
| SERUM OSMOLARITY/RENAL: | |||
| PMO = 300 | PCO=295 | POG=5 | BUN:Cr=20 |
| URINALYSIS: | |||
| UNa+=80 | UCl−=100 | UAG=5 | FENa=0.95 |
| UK+=25 | USG=1.01 | UCr=60 | UO=800 |
| PROTEIN/GI/LIVER FUNCTION TESTS: | |||
| LDH=100 | TP=7.6 | AST=25 | TBIL=0.7 |
| ALP=71 | Alb=4.0 | ALT=40 | BC=0.5 |
| AST/ALT=0.6 | BU=0.2 | ||
| AF alb=3.0 | SAAG=1.0 | SOG=60 | |
| CSF: | |||
| CSF alb=30 | CSF glu=60 | CSF/S alb=7.5 | CSF/S glu=0.4 |
Pathophysiology is the study of the changes of normal mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions, either caused by a disease, or resulting from an abnormal syndrome.[1] More formally, it is the branch of medicine which deals with any disturbances of body functions, caused by disease or prodromal symptoms.
An alternative definition is "the study of the biological and physical manifestations of disease as they correlate with the underlying abnormalities and physiological disturbances."[2]
The study of pathology and the study of pathophysiology often involves substantial overlap in diseases and processes, but pathology emphasizes direct observations, while pathophysiology emphasizes quantifiable measurements.
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An example from the field of infectious disease would be the study of a toxin released by a bacterium, and what that toxin does to the body to cause harm, one possible result being sepsis.
Another example is the study of the chemical changes that take place in body tissue due to inflammation. the intersection of two older, related disciplines: (normal) physiology and pathology.
Pathophysiology looks at the specific malfunctioning that comes from or - alternately - causes disease.
One caution in this approach is that "healthy" structure and function is not precisely the same in any two individuals...
Pathophysiology is a required area of study for nearly all healthcare professional school programs (medical, dental, physician assistant, occupational therapy, physical therapy, nurse practitioner, pharmacy, nursing, and paramedic programs) in the United States and other countries.