The Parable of the Friend at Night (or of the Importunate Neighbour), is a parable of Jesus, which appears in only one of the Canonical gospels of the New Testament. According to the Luke 11:5-8, a friend eventually agrees to help his neighbor due to his persistent demands.
This parable demonstrates the need to pray and never give up. It is similar in to the Parable of the Unjust Judge and is depicted by several artists, including William Holman Hunt.
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The parable is as follows:
He said to them, "Which of you, if you go to a friend at midnight, and tell him, 'Friend, lend me three loaves of bread, for a friend of mine has come to me from a journey, and I have nothing to set before him,' and he from within will answer and say, 'Don't bother me. The door is now shut, and my children are with me in bed. I can't get up and give it to you'? I tell you, although he will not rise and give it to him because he is his friend, yet because of his persistence, he will get up and give him as many as he needs.
— Luke 11:5-8, World English Bible
The scene described in this parable suggests a single-roomed peasant house, where the whole family sleeps together on a mat on the floor,[1][2] and a man travelling by night to avoid the heat of the day.[2]
This parable appears in the Gospel of Luke immediately after Jesus teaches the Lord's Prayer, and can therefore be viewed as a continuation of Jesus teaching his disciples how to pray,[1] while the verses which follow help to explain the meaning of the parable:
"I tell you, keep asking, and it will be given you. Keep seeking, and you will find. Keep knocking, and it will be opened to you. For everyone who asks receives. He who seeks finds. To him who knocks it will be opened."
— Luke 11:9-10, World English Bible
Joel B. Green suggests that the question that opens the parable ("Which of you who has a friend...?" also expressible as "Can you imagine...?") is intended to be answered as an emphatic "No!", since no friend would refuse to help under such circumstances[1] (the opening words in Greek occur elsewhere in Luke, but have no contemporary parallels, and I. Howard Marshall regards them as probably characteristic of Jesus himself[2]). However, Jesus goes on to point out that even if friendship wasn't a big enough motivation, help would still be forthcoming.[1] As with verses 9-13, the parable is therefore an incentive to pray.[2] The parable of the Unjust Judge has a similar meaning.[3]
There are a number of depictions of this parable, the most famous being The Importunate Neighbour (1895) by William Holman Hunt, held in the National Gallery of Victoria, Australia.