| Pančevo Панчево |
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|---|---|---|---|
| — City — | |||
| Church of the Assumption | |||
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| Location of the municipality of Pančevo within Serbia | |||
| Coordinates: | |||
| Country | Serbia | ||
| District | South Banat | ||
| Settlements | 10 | ||
| Government | |||
| • Mayor | Vesna Martinović | ||
| Area[1] | |||
| • Municipality | 759 km2 (293.1 sq mi) | ||
| Population (2011 census)[2] | |||
| • Town | 77,087 | ||
| • Municipality | 127,162 | ||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| Postal code | 26000 | ||
| Area code | +381 13 | ||
| Car plates | PA | ||
| Website | www.pancevo.rs | ||
Pančevo (Serbian Cyrillic: Панчево, pronounced [pâːnt͡ʃe̞v̞ɔ̝]) is a city and municipality located in the southern part of Serbian province of Vojvodina, 15 km northeast from Belgrade. In 2002, the city had a total population of 77,087, while municipality of Pančevo had 127,162 inhabitants. It is the administrative center of the South Banat District of Serbia. Pančevo is also the most important port on the Tamiš river, which flows near the city.
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In Serbian, the town is known as Pančevo (Панчево), in Hungarian as Pancsova, in Turkish as Pançova, in German as Pantschowa, in Romanian as Panciova, in Slovak as Pánčevo, and in Rusyn as Панчево (Pančevo).
8th century BC ornitho-morphic fibulae was found in the town.[3]
The first historical record mentioning the town is from 1153 book of "Idrisia" when it was a mercantile harbour. The city was populated by Serbs and was administered by the Bulgarian Empire in the 9th and 11th century and later by the Kingdom of Hungary, until the 16th century, when it became part of the Ottoman Empire. During the Ottoman rule, the city was part of the Ottoman Province of Temeşvar and was a large settlement mostly populated by ethnic Serbs.
After 1716, the city was under Habsburg rule, and was included into Habsburg military province named Banat of Temeswar. In 1751, the northern parts of the province were placed under civil administration, while the southern parts (including Pančevo) were included into Military Frontier (Banat Krajina). During this time the Habsburg administration encouraged massive immigration of German settlers to develop the land. Soon the town of Pančevo was divided into two municipalities: one Serb, one "German". According to the 1767 data, the population of the Serb municipality numbered 424 families, while the population of the German municipality numbered 132 families. According to the 1787 data, the population of the city was composed of 3,506 Orthodox Christians and 2,005 Roman Catholics. The city was briefly restored to Ottoman administration from 1787 to 1788. In 1794, Serb and German municipality were joined into one.
In 1848/1849, Pančevo was part of the Serbian Voivodship, a Serb autonomous region within Austrian Empire, but in 1849 it was returned under administration of the Military Frontier. In 1873, the Banatian Military Frontier was abolished and the city was included into Torontal county. According to the 1910 census, the population of the city was 20,808, of whom 8,714 spoke Serbian language, 7,467, German language, 3,364 Hungarian language, etc.
In 1918, Pančevo (with the rest of western Banat) became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later renamed to Yugoslavia). According to the 1921 data, the population of the city was 19,362, of whom 9,422 were Serbs, 7,237 Germans, 887 Hungarians, etc. Between 1918 and 1922, the city was part of the Banat county, between 1922 and 1929 it was part of the Belgrade oblast, and between 1929 and 1941 it was part of the Belgrade city administration.
Between 1941 and 1944, Pančevo was under Axis occupation and was part of the autonomous Banat within German-occupied Serbia. Many local Danube Swabians were enlisted in the Waffen-SS after failing to volunteer in sufficient numbers. During the war, between 1941 and 1944, fascists killed about 12,000 people at the Small Marsh locality near Pančevo, including 6-7,000 Jews from Vojvodina, Serbia and Hungary.[4] Following the war, most Danube Swabians left from the city, together with occupational German army. Minority of them who remained in the city were expropriated of their private property and expelled; some men were murdered.
During 1999 the city was heavily bombed by NATO forces. Targets included an oil refinery, the Utva aircraft factory and chemical plants.
The Pančevo municipality includes the city of Pančevo and the following villages:
| Year | Total | Serbs | Germans | Yugoslavs | Hungarians | Slovaks | Macedonians | Croats | Romanians | Rest |
| 1910 | 20,808 | 41.88% | 35.89% | 0.0% | 16.17% | 1.17% | 0.0% | 0.65% | - | 4.24% |
| 1921 | - | 48%(*) | 37% | - | 8% | - | - | (*) | 7% | - |
| 1991 | 72,793 | 72.57% | N.D | 8.75% | 5.56% | 2.20% | 2.40% | 1.35% | - | 5.29% |
| 2002 | 77,087 | 79.08% | N.D | 2.35% | 4.25% | 1.82% | 1.55% | 0.92% | - | 9.00% |
(*) In 1921, Serbs and Croats were counted together.
| Year | Population | Serbs | Germans | Romanians | Hungarians | Slovaks | Macedonians | Yugoslavs | Croats | Roma | Rest |
| 1910. | 62,491 | 31.0% | 36.72% | 15.77% | 10.30% | 2.05% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 2.2% | 0.53% | 1.43% |
| 1931. | 63,158 | 36.15% | 38.50% | N.D | 7.37% | N.D | 0.0% | 0.0% | N.D | N.D | 17.96% |
| 1961. | 93,744 | 64.40% | N.D | 7.71% | 8.17% | 2.30 | N.D | N.D | 2.99% | 0.22% | 14.21% |
| 1991. | 125,261 | 68.92% | 0.24% | 4.03% | 4.02% | 1.39% | N.D | N.D | 1.35% | 0.79% | 19.26% |
| 2002. | 127,162 | 76.38% | 0.18% | 3.19% | 3.17% | 1.24% | 4.14% | 2.35% | 0.92% | 1.09% | 7.34% |
Most of the settlements in the municipality have an ethnic Serb majority. Ethnically mixed settlement with relative Hungarian majority is Ivanovo. There is also a growing Chinese community in northern parts of Pančevo.
Pančevo has one of the oldest monasteries in this region. Currently it is situated inside of Oil refinery (See Vojlovica monastery article).
City has many cultural events. One of them is ArtTech, international festival of digital arts.
Pančevo has a strong industrial background with the petrochemical, fertilizer, machinery, and aircraft industries (See: Lola Utva aircraft factory). It has a single oil refinery.
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