| People's Pact Pakatan Rakyat تحالف الناس 人民联盟 மக்கள் கூட்டணீ |
|
|---|---|
| Leader | Anwar Ibrahim Lim Kit Siang Abdul Hadi Awang |
| Founded | April 1, 2008 |
| Headquarters | Petaling Jaya, Malaysia (DAP & PKR) Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (PAS) |
| Membership (as of May 2011) | People's Justice Party (PKR) Democratic Action Party (DAP) Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) |
| Ideology | Social justice, Progressive, Social democracy, moderate Islamism, Public welfare, Centrism |
| Parliament: |
82 / 222
|
| State Assemblies: |
206 / 576
|
| Politics of Malaysia Political parties Elections |
|
| Malaysia |
|
This article is part of the series: |
|
|
|
Other countries · Atlas |
Pakatan Rakyat or PR (English: People's Pact / People's Alliance,) is an informal Malaysian political coalition. It currently controls four state governments while in opposition to the ruling Barisan Nasional at the federal level.
The political coalition was formed by the People's Justice Party (PKR), Democratic Action Party (DAP), and Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) on April 1, 2008, after the 12th Malaysian general election. They had formed the Barisan Alternatif (Alternative Front) previously in the 10th general election. On April 20, 2010, the Sarawak National Party (SNAP) officially joined as a member of the Pakatan Rakyat after being expelled from Barisan Nasional and again on May 6, 2011 SNAP declared to quit Pakatan Rakyat.[1]
The former three parties had worked together in the 12th Malaysian general election, in which they gained control of five state assemblies and made significant gains at the federal level, denying the Barisan Nasional a two-third majority in the federal parliament. With the establishment of the Pakatan Rakyat coalition, the state governments of Kelantan, Kedah, Penang and Selangor are known as the Pakatan Rakyat state governments. The government of Perak was under Pakatan until February 2009, when Barisan Nasional claimed power by defecting of 3 Pakatan's state assembly member as independent member who support the Barisan Nasional ruling, causing a constitutional crisis which end up with the winning of Barisan Nasional following the judgement of the federal court.
Pakatan Rakyat is to be collectively led and managed by all constituent parties and pledges to uphold the rights and interests of all Malaysians. Each political party in People's Alliance has its own ideology; PKR promotes its ideals that revolves around social justice and anti-corruption themes, PAS with its aim to establish Malaysia as a nation based on Islamic legal theory and DAP with its secular, multi-racial, social democratic ideals.
Contents |
The Pakatan Rakyat is a maturing development of the concept, of Barisan Rakyat (English: People's Front), that was created during the election campaign of the 12th Malaysian general election in 2008. Barisan Rakyat was the banner and policy position document which a group of Malaysian opposition political parties (DAP, PKR, PAS, PSM, MDP and PASOK) endorsed and coalesced around for that election.
PKR, DAP and PAS have also won in the recent general elections 41, 73, and 86 seats, respectively, in the various state assemblies.
As of 2009, Pakatan Rakyat remains an informal coalition. The media has reported that Malaysian law only allows the registration of a coalition comprising seven parties or more. However, former de facto Law Minister Zaid Ibrahim, who coordinates the activities of the PR secretariat, has said "In fact in all our daily activities we are already acting as members of Pakatan and not just members of PKR, PAS or DAP." The media has reported that PR leaders "are understood to be in talks with several political parties to join the alliance."[2] In October 2009, the Registrar of Societies stated that Pakatan could formally register as a coalition, as "The condition does not apply to political parties as they enjoy a national status. Only [a] state-level organisation aspiring to become a national entity needs to have seven members from the states."[3] On 9 October 2009, Lim Kit Siang announced that Pakatan would seek to register itself as a formal coalition in light of this clarification.[4] On 4 November 2009, Pakatan officials told the press that they had submitted a formal application to the Registrar of Societies, naming Zaid as the chairman of the alliance.[5] PKR MP Tian Chua publicly denied this, saying the coalition had not yet decided on a constitution, logo, or leadership structure.[6]
Zaid has issued a statement on Pakatan's ideology, stating that in government, it would introduce anti-discrimination laws, set up a social safety net, establish a new education policy aimed at producing competitive graduates, especially among the Malays and Bumiputra, repeal the Internal Security Act and Printing Presses and Publications Act, amend the Official Secrets Act and Sedition Act to limit the government's power, and reform law enforcement institutions like the courts, the Royal Malaysian Police, and the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission. Zaid also said that the proposed anti-discrimination law would not require the repeal or amendment of Article 153 of the Constitution.[7] Zaid has also request Dato' Nik Aziz to become the chairman of Pakatan Rakyat instead of Anwar Ibrahim or Hadi Awang.
Main article: Buku Jingga
Pakatan Rakyat basic framework policies are:
Pakatan Rakyat further their policy through the introduction of 'Orange Book', also known as Buku Jingga, which outlining the policies together with Pakatan.
On 2 July 2009, Pakatan Rakyat announced a list of its Members of Parliament who would shadow individual ministries. DAP Member of Parliament Tony Pua stated that this front bench would explicitly not be a Shadow Cabinet because the Malaysian Parliament does not recognise the institution of a Shadow Cabinet.[8]
People's Pact General Chief: Yang Berhormat Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim (Opposition Leader)
Senators:
Members of Parliament: