PNU-120,596

PNU-120,596

Systematic (IUPAC) name
1-(5-chloro-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)urea
Clinical data
Pregnancy cat.	?
Legal status	?
Identifiers
CAS number	501925-31-1
ATC code	?
PubChem	CID 311434
Chemical data
Formula	C₁₃H₁₄Cl N₃O₄
Mol. mass	311.720
SMILES	eMolecules & PubChem
Y(what is this?) (verify)

PNU-120,596 is a drug that acts as a potent and selective positive allosteric modulator for the α7 subtype of neural nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.^[1]^[2] It is used in scientific research into cholinergic regulation of dopamine and glutamate release in the brain.^[3]^[4]^[5]

References

^ Hurst, R.; Hajós, M.; Raggenbass, M.; Wall, T.; Higdon, N.; Lawson, J.; Rutherford-Root, K.; Berkenpas, M. et al. (2005). "A novel positive allosteric modulator of the alpha7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: in vitro and in vivo characterization". Journal of Neuroscience 25 (17): 4396–4405. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5269-04.2005. PMID 15858066. edit
^ Young, G.; Zwart, R.; Walker, A.; Sher, E.; Millar, N. (2008). "Potentiation of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors via an allosteric transmembrane site". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105 (38): 14686–14691. Bibcode 2008PNAS..10514686Y. doi:10.1073/pnas.0804372105. PMC 2535569. PMID 18791069. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2535569. edit
^ Livingstone, P.; Srinivasan, J.; Kew, J.; Dawson, L.; Gotti, C.; Moretti, M.; Shoaib, M.; Wonnacott, S. (2009). "Alpha7 and non-alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors modulate dopamine release in vitro and in vivo in the rat prefrontal cortex". The European journal of neuroscience 29 (3): 539–550. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06613.x. PMID 19187266. edit
^ Barron, S.; Mclaughlin, J.; See, J.; Richards, V.; Rosenberg, R. (2009). "An allosteric modulator of alpha7 nicotinic receptors, N-(5-Chloro-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-N'-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)-urea (PNU-120596), causes conformational changes in the extracellular ligand binding domain similar to those caused by acetylcholine". Molecular pharmacology 76 (2): 253–263. doi:10.1124/mol.109.056226. PMC 2713121. PMID 19411608. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2713121. edit
^ Livingstone, P.; Dickinson, J.; Srinivasan, J.; Kew, J.; Wonnacott, S. (2009). "Glutamate-Dopamine Crosstalk in the Rat Prefrontal Cortex is Modulated by Alpha7 Nicotinic Receptors and Potentiated by PNU-120596". Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN 40 (1-2): 172–176. doi:10.1007/s12031-009-9232-5. PMID 19688191. edit

Stimulants (N06B)

Adamantanes	Adaphenoxate • Adapromine • Amantadine • Bromantane • Chlodantane • Gludantane • Memantine • Midantane

Adenosine antagonists	8-Chlorotheophylline • 8-Cyclopentyltheophylline • 8-Phenyltheophylline • Aminophylline • Caffeine • CGS-15943 • Dimethazan • Paraxanthine • SCH-58261 • Theobromine • Theophylline

Alkylamines	Cyclopentamine • Cypenamine • Cyprodenate • Heptaminol • Isometheptene • Methylhexaneamine • Octodrine • Propylhexedrine • Tuaminoheptane

Arylcyclohexylamines	Benocyclidine • Dieticyclidine • Esketamine • Eticyclidine • Gacyclidine • Ketamine • Phencyclamine • Phencyclidine • Rolicyclidine • Tenocyclidine • Tiletamine

Benzazepines	6-Br-APB • SKF-77434 • SKF-81297 • SKF-82958

Cholinergics	A-84543 • A-366,833 • ABT-202 • ABT-418 • AR-R17779 • Altinicline • Anabasine • Arecoline • Cotinine • Cytisine • Dianicline • Epibatidine • Epiboxidine • GTS-21 • Ispronicline • Nicotine • PHA-543,613 • PNU-120,596 • PNU-282,987 • Pozanicline • Rivanicline • Sazetidine A • SIB-1553A • SSR-180,711 • TC-1698 • TC-1827 • TC-2216 • TC-5619 • Tebanicline • UB-165 • Varenicline • WAY-317,538

Convulsants	Anatoxin-a • Bicuculline • DMCM • Flurothyl • Gabazine • Pentetrazol • Picrotoxin • Strychnine • Thujone

Eugeroics	Adrafinil • Armodafinil • CRL-40941 • Modafinil

Oxazolines	4-Methylaminorex • Aminorex • Clominorex • Cyclazodone • Fenozolone • Fluminorex • Pemoline • Thozalinone

Phenethylamines	1-(4-Methylphenyl)-2-aminobutane • 1-Phenyl-2-(piperidin-1-yl)pentan-3-one • 1-Methylamino-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)propane • 2-Fluoroamphetamine • 2-Fluoromethamphetamine • 2-OH-PEA • 2-Phenyl-3-aminobutane • 2-Phenyl-3-methylaminobutane • 2,3-MDA • 3-Fluoroamphetamine • 3-Fluoroethamphetamine • 3-Fluoromethcathinone • 3-Methoxyamphetamine • 3-Methylamphetamine • 3,4-DMMC • 4-BMC • 4-Ethylamphetamine • 4-FA • 4-FMA • 4-MA • 4-MMA • 4-MTA • 6-FNE • Alfetamine • α-Ethylphenethylamine • Amfecloral • Amfepentorex • Amfepramone • Amidephrine • Amphetamine (Dextroamphetamine, Levoamphetamine) • Amphetaminil • Arbutamine • β-Methylphenethylamine • β-Phenylmethamphetamine • Benfluorex • Benzedrone • Benzphetamine • BDB (J) • BOH (Hydroxy-J) • BPAP • Buphedrone • Bupropion (Amfebutamone) • Butylone • Cathine • Cathinone • Chlorphentermine • Cinnamedrine • Clenbuterol • Clobenzorex • Cloforex • Clortermine • D-Deprenyl • Denopamine • Dimethoxyamphetamine • Dimethylamphetamine • Dimethylcathinone (Dimethylpropion, Metamfepramone) • Dobutamine • DOPA (Dextrodopa, Levodopa) • Dopamine • Dopexamine • Droxidopa • EBDB (Ethyl-J) • Ephedrine • Epinephrine (Adrenaline) • Epinine (Deoxyepinephrine) • Etafedrine • Ethcathinone (Ethylpropion) • Ethylamphetamine (Etilamfetamine) • Ethylnorepinephrine (Butanefrine) • Ethylone • Etilefrine • Famprofazone • Fenbutrazate • Fencamine • Fenethylline • Fenfluramine (Dexfenfluramine) • Fenmetramide • Fenproporex • Flephedrone • Fludorex • Furfenorex • Gepefrine • HMMA • Hordenine • Ibopamine • IMP • Indanylamphetamine • Isoetarine • Isoethcathinone • Isoprenaline (Isoproterenol) • L-Deprenyl (Selegiline) • Lefetamine • Lisdexamfetamine • Lophophine (Homomyristicylamine) • Manifaxine • MBDB (Methyl-J; "Eden") • MDA (Tenamfetamine) • MDBU • MDEA ("Eve") • MDMA ("Ecstasy", "Adam") • MDMPEA (Homarylamine) • MDOH • MDPR • MDPEA (Homopiperonylamine) • Mefenorex • Mephedrone • Mephentermine • Metanephrine • Metaraminol • Methamphetamine (Desoxyephedrine, Methedrine; Dextromethamphetamine, Levomethamphetamine) • Methoxamine • Methoxyphenamine • MMA • Methcathinone (Methylpropion) • Methedrone • Methoxyphenamine • Methylone • MMDA • MMDMA • MMMA • Morazone • N-Benzyl-1-phenethylamine • N,N-Dimethylphenethylamine • Naphthylamphetamine • Nisoxetine • Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline) • Norfenefrine • Norfenfluramine • Normetanephrine • Octopamine • Orciprenaline • Ortetamine • Oxilofrine • Paredrine (Norpholedrine, Oxamphetamine, Mycadrine) • PBA • PCA • PHA • Pargyline • Pentorex (Phenpentermine) • Pentylone • Phenatine • Phendimetrazine • Phenmetrazine • Phenpromethamine • Phentermine • Phenylalanine • Phenylephrine (Neosynephrine) • Phenylpropanolamine • Pholedrine • PIA • PMA • PMEA • PMMA • PPAP • Prenylamine • Propylamphetamine • Pseudoephedrine • Radafaxine • Ropinirole • Salbutamol (Albuterol; Levosalbutamol) • Sibutramine • Synephrine (Oxedrine) • Theodrenaline • Tiflorex (Flutiorex) • Tranylcypromine • Tyramine • Tyrosine • Xamoterol • Xylopropamine • Zylofuramine

Piperazines	2C-B-BZP • BZP • CM156 • DBL-583 • GBR-12783 • GBR-12935 • GBR-13069 • GBR-13098 • GBR-13119 • MeOPP • MBZP • Vanoxerine

Piperidines	1-Benzyl-4-(2-(diphenylmethoxy)ethyl)piperidine • 1-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1-(piperidin-2-yl)butane • 2-Benzylpiperidine • 2-Methyl-3-phenylpiperidine • 3,4-Dichloromethylphenidate • 4-Benzylpiperidine • 4-Methylmethylphenidate • Desoxypipradrol • Difemetorex • Diphenylpyraline • Ethylphenidate • Methylnaphthidate • Methylphenidate (Dexmethylphenidate) • N-Methyl-3β-propyl-4β-(4-chlorophenyl)piperidine • Nocaine • Phacetoperane • Pipradrol • SCH-5472

Pyrrolidines	2-Diphenylmethylpyrrolidine • α-PPP • α-PBP • α-PVP • Diphenylprolinol • MDPPP • MDPBP • MDPV • MPBP • MPHP • MPPP • MOPPP • Naphyrone • PEP • Prolintane • Pyrovalerone

Tropanes	3-CPMT • 3'-Chloro-3α-(diphenylmethoxy)tropane • 3-Pseudotropyl-4-fluorobenzoate • 4'-Fluorococaine • AHN-1055 • Altropane (IACFT) • Brasofensine • CFT (WIN 35,428) • β-CIT (RTI-55) • Cocaethylene • Cocaine • Dichloropane (RTI-111) • Difluoropine • FE-β-CPPIT • FP-β-CPPIT • Ioflupane (¹²³I) • Norcocaine • PIT • PTT • RTI-31 • RTI-32 • RTI-51 • RTI-105 • RTI-112 • RTI-113 • RTI-117 • RTI-120 • RTI-121 (IPCIT) • RTI-126 • RTI-150 • RTI-154 • RTI-171 • RTI-177 • RTI-183 • RTI-193 • RTI-194 • RTI-199 • RTI-202 • RTI-204 • RTI-229 • RTI-241 • RTI-336 • RTI-354 • RTI-371 • RTI-386 • Salicylmethylecgonine • Tesofensine • Troparil (β-CPT, WIN 35,065-2) • Tropoxane • WF-23 • WF-33 • WF-60

Others	1-(Thiophen-2-yl)-2-aminopropane • 2-Amino-1,2-dihydronaphthalene • 2-Aminoindane • 2-Aminotetralin • 2-MDP • 2-Phenylcyclohexylamine • 2-Phenyl-3,6-dimethylmorpholine • 3-Benzhydrylmorpholine • 3,3-Diphenylcyclobutanamine • 5-(2-Aminopropyl)indole • 5-Iodo-2-aminoindane • AL-1095 • Amfonelic acid • Amineptine • Amiphenazole • Atipamezole • Atomoxetine (Tomoxetine) • Bemegride • Benzydamine • BTQ • BTS 74,398 • Carphedon • Ciclazindol • Cilobamine • Clofenciclan • Cropropamide • Crotetamide • Cypenamine • D-161 • Diclofensine • Dimethocaine • Efaroxan • Etamivan • EXP-561 • Fencamfamine • Fenpentadiol • Feprosidnine • G-130 • Gamfexine • Gilutensin • GSK1360707F • GYKI-52895 • Hexacyclonate • Idazoxan • Indanorex • Indatraline • JNJ-7925476 • JZ-IV-10 • Lazabemide • Leptacline • Levopropylhexedrine • Lomevactone • LR-5182 • Mazindol • Meclofenoxate • Medifoxamine • Mefexamide • Mesocarb • Methastyridone • Methiopropamine • N-Methyl-3-phenylnorbornan-2-amine • Nefopam • Nikethamide • Nomifensine • O-2172 • Oxaprotiline • Phthalimidopropiophenone • PNU-99,194 • Propylhexedrine • PRC200-SS • Rasagiline • Rauwolscine • Rubidium chloride • Setazindol • Tametraline • Tandamine • Trazium • UH-232 • Yohimbine

See also Sympathomimetic amines

Nootropics (N06B)

Acetylcholinesterases	Donepezil • Galantamine • Huperzine A (Huperzia Serrata) • Ladostigil • Rivastigmine • Tacrine

Ampakines	CX-516 • CX-546 • CX-614 • CX-691 • CX-717 • IDRA-21 • LY-404,187 • LY-503,430 • PEPA • Sunifiram • Unifiram

D₁ Agonists	6-Br-APB • A-77636 • Dihydrexidine • Dinapsoline • Doxanthrine • SKF-81297

Eugeroics	Adrafinil • Armodafinil • Modafinil

GABA_A α₅ Inverse Agonists	α5IA • L-655,708 • PWZ-029 • Suritozole • TB-21007 • ZK-93426

H₃ Antagonists	A-349,821 • ABT-239 • Ciproxifan • GSK-189,254

mACh Agonists	Alvameline • Arecoline • Cevimeline • CI-1017 • Milameline • Sabcomeline • Talsaclidine • Tazomeline • Xanomeline

nACh Agonists	AR-R17779 • Ispronicline • Nicotine • PNU-282,987 • SSR-180,711 • WAY-317,538

Racetams	Aniracetam • Brivaracetam • Coluracetam • Etiracetam • Fasoracetam • Levetiracetam • Nebracetam • Nefiracetam • Oxiracetam • Phenylpiracetam • Piracetam • Pramiracetam • Rolziracetam • Seletracetam

Others	Acetylcarnitine • Adafenoxate • Bifemelane • Bilobalide (Ginkgo Biloba) • Carbenoxolone • Cerlapirdine • Choline (Lecithin) • Citicoline • Cyprodenate • Dimethylethanolamine • Ensaculin • Fipexide • Idebenone • Indeloxazine • Latrepirdine • Leteprinim • Linopirdine • Meclofenoxate • Nizofenone • Pirisudanol • Pyritinol • S-17092 • Sulbutiamine • Taltirelin • Teniloxazine • Tricyanoaminopropene • Vinpocetine

Psychoanaleptics: Antidementia agents (N06D)

Anticholinesterases

Cymserine • Donepezil • Galantamine • Huperzine A (Huperzia serrata) • Ladostigil • Rivastigmine • Tacrine

Others

Bifemelane • Bilobalide (Ginkgo biloba) • Cerlapirdine • Ensaculin • Latrepirdine • Lecozotan • Leteprinim • Memantine • Semagacestat

M: PSO/PSI

mepr

dsrd (o, p, m, p, a, d, s), sysi/epon, spvo

proc(eval/thrp), drug(N5A/5B/5C/6A/6B/6D)

Cholinergics

Receptor ligands

mAChR	Agonists: 77-LH-28-1 • AC-42 • AC-260,584 • Aceclidine • Acetylcholine • AF30 • AF150(S) • AF267B • AFDX-384 • Alvameline • AQRA-741 • Arecoline • Bethanechol • Butyrylcholine • Carbachol • CDD-0034 • CDD-0078 • CDD-0097 • CDD-0098 • CDD-0102 • Cevimeline • cis-Dioxolane • Ethoxysebacylcholine • LY-593,039 • L-689,660 • LY-2,033,298 • McNA343 • Methacholine • Milameline • Muscarine • NGX-267 • Ocvimeline • Oxotremorine • PD-151,832 • Pilocarpine • RS86 • Sabcomeline • SDZ 210-086 • Sebacylcholine • Suberylcholine • Talsaclidine • Tazomeline • Thiopilocarpine • Vedaclidine • VU-0029767 • VU-0090157 • VU-0152099 • VU-0152100 • VU-0238429 • WAY-132,983 • Xanomeline • YM-796 Antagonists: 3-Quinuclidinyl Benzilate • 4-DAMP • Aclidinium Bromide • Anisodamine • Anisodine • Atropine • Atropine Methonitrate • Benactyzine • Benzatropine (Benztropine) • Benzydamine • BIBN 99 • Biperiden • Bornaprine • CAR-226,086 • CAR-301,060 • CAR-302,196 • CAR-302,282 • CAR-302,368 • CAR-302,537 • CAR-302,668 • CS-27349 • Cyclobenzaprine • Cyclopentolate • Darifenacin • DAU-5884 • Dimethindene • Dexetimide • DIBD • Dicyclomine (Dicycloverine) • Ditran • EA-3167 • EA-3443 • EA-3580 • EA-3834 • Elemicin • Etanautine • Etybenzatropine (Ethylbenztropine) • Flavoxate • Himbacine • HL-031,120 • Ipratropium bromide • J-104,129 • Hyoscyamine • Mamba Toxin 3 • Mamba Toxin 7 • Mazaticol • Mebeverine • Methoctramine • Metixene • Myristicin • N-Ethyl-3-Piperidyl Benzilate • N-Methyl-3-Piperidyl Benzilate • Orphenadrine • Otenzepad • Oxybutynin • PBID • PD-102,807 • PD-0298029 • Phenglutarimide • Phenyltoloxamine • Pirenzepine • Piroheptine • Procyclidine • Profenamine • RU-47,213 • SCH-57,790 • SCH-72,788 • SCH-217,443 • Scopolamine (Hyoscine) • Solifenacin • Telenzepine • Tiotropium bromide • Tolterodine • Trihexyphenidyl • Tripitamine • Tropatepine • Tropicamide • WIN-2299 • Xanomeline • Zamifenacin; Others: 1st Generation Antihistamines (Brompheniramine, chlorphenamine, cyproheptadine, dimenhydrinate, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, mepyramine/pyrilamine, phenindamine, pheniramine, tripelennamine, triprolidine, etc) • Tricyclic Antidepressants (Amitriptyline, doxepin, trimipramine, etc) • Tetracyclic Antidepressants (Amoxapine, maprotiline, etc) • Typical Antipsychotics (Chlorpromazine, thioridazine, etc) • Atypical Antipsychotics (Clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, etc)

nAChR	Agonists: 5-HIAA • A-84,543 • A-366,833 • A-582,941 • A-867,744 • ABT-202 • ABT-418 • ABT-560 • ABT-894 • Acetylcholine • Altinicline • Anabasine • Anatoxin-a • AR-R17779 • Butyrylcholine • Carbachol • Cotinine • Cytisine • Decamethonium • Desformylflustrabromine • Dianicline • Dimethylphenylpiperazinium • Epibatidine • Epiboxidine • Ethanol • Ethoxysebacylcholine • EVP-4473 • EVP-6124 • Galantamine • GTS-21 • Ispronicline • Lobeline • MEM-63,908 (RG-3487) • Nicotine • NS-1738 • PHA-543,613 • PHA-709,829 • PNU-120,596 • PNU-282,987 • Pozanicline • Rivanicline • Sazetidine A • Sebacylcholine • SIB-1508Y • SIB-1553A • SSR-180,711 • Suberylcholine • TC-1698 • TC-1734 • TC-1827 • TC-2216 • TC-5214 • TC-5619 • TC-6683 • Tebanicline • Tropisetron • UB-165 • Varenicline • WAY-317,538 • XY-4083 Antagonists: 18-Methoxycoronaridine • α-Bungarotoxin • α-Conotoxin • Alcuronium • Amantadine • Anatruxonium • Atracurium • Bupropion (Amfebutamone) • Chandonium • Chlorisondamine • Cisatracurium • Coclaurine • Coronaridine • Dacuronium • Decamethonium • Dextromethorphan • Dextropropoxyphene • Dextrorphan • Diadonium • DHβE • Dimethyltubocurarine (Metocurine) • Dipyrandium • Dizocilpine (MK-801) • Doxacurium • Duador • Esketamine • Fazadinium • Gallamine • Hexafluronium • Hexamethonium (Benzohexonium) • Ibogaine • Isoflurane • Ketamine • Kynurenic acid • Laudexium (Laudolissin) • Levacetylmethadol • Malouetine • Mecamylamine • Memantine • Methadone • Methorphan (Racemethorphan) • Methyllycaconitine • Metocurine • Mivacurium • Morphanol (Racemorphanol) • Neramexane • Nitrous Oxide • Pancuronium • Pempidine • Pentamine • Pentolinium • Phencyclidine • Pipecuronium • Radafaxine • Rapacuronium • Rocuronium • Surugatoxin • Suxamethonium (Succinylcholine) • Thiocolchicoside • Toxiferine • Trimethaphan • Tropeinium • Tubocurarine • Vecuronium • Xenon

Reuptake inhibitors

Plasmalemmal

CHT Inhibitors	Hemicholinium-3 (Hemicholine; HC3) • Triethylcholine

Vesicular

VAChT Inhibitors	Vesamicol

Enzyme inhibitors

Anabolism

ChAT inhibitors	1-(-Benzoylethyl)pyridinium • 2-(α-Naphthoyl)ethyltrimethylammonium • 3-Chloro-4-stillbazole • 4-(1-Naphthylvinyl)pyridine • Acetylseco hemicholinium-3 • Acryloylcholine • AF64A • B115 • BETA • CM-54,903 • N,N-Dimethylaminoethylacrylate • N,N-Dimethylaminoethylchloroacetate

Catabolism

AChE inhibitors	Reversible: Carbamates: Aldicarb • Bendiocarb • Bufencarb • Carbaryl • Carbendazim • Carbetamide • Carbofuran • Chlorbufam • Chloropropham • Ethienocarb • Ethiofencarb • Fenobucarb • Fenoxycarb • Formetanate • Furadan • Ladostigil • Methiocarb • Methomyl • Miotine • Oxamyl • Phenmedipham • Pinmicarb • Pirimicarb • Propamocarb • Propham • Propoxur; Stigmines: Ganstigmine • Neostigmine • Phenserine • Physostigmine • Pyridostigmine • Rivastigmine; Others: Acotiamide • Ambenonium • Donepezil • Edrophonium • Galantamine • Huperzine A • Minaprine • Tacrine • Zanapezil Irreversible: Organophosphates: Acephate • Azinphos-methyl • Bensulide • Cadusafos • Chlorethoxyfos • Chlorfenvinphos • Chlorpyrifos • Chlorpyrifos-Methyl • Coumaphos • Cyclosarin (GF) • Demeton • Demeton-S-Methyl • Diazinon • Dichlorvos • Dicrotophos • Diisopropyl fluorophosphate (Guthion) • Diisopropylphosphate • Dimethoate • Dioxathion • Disulfoton • EA-3148 • Echothiophate • Ethion • Ethoprop • Fenamiphos • Fenitrothion • Fenthion • Fosthiazate • GV • Isofluorophate • Isoxathion • Malaoxon • Malathion • Methamidophos • Methidathion • Metrifonate • Mevinphos • Monocrotophos • Naled • Novichok agent • Omethoate • Oxydemeton-Methyl • Paraoxon • Parathion • Parathion-Methyl • Phorate • Phosalone • Phosmet • Phostebupirim • Phoxim • Pirimiphos-Methyl • Sarin (GB) • Soman (GD) • Tabun (GA) • Temefos • Terbufos • Tetrachlorvinphos • Tribufos • Trichlorfon • VE • VG • VM • VR • VX; Others: Demecarium • Onchidal (Onchidella binneyi)

BChE inhibitors	Cymserine * Many of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors listed above act as butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors.

Others

Precursors	Choline (Lecithin) • Citicoline • Cyprodenate • Dimethylethanolamine (DMAE, deanol) • Glycerophosphocholine • Meclofenoxate (Centrophenoxine) • Phosphatidylcholine • Phosphatidylethanolamine • Phosphorylcholine • Pirisudanol

Cofactors	Acetic acid • Acetylcarnitine • Acetyl-coA • Vitamin B₅ (Pantethine, Pantetheine, Panthenol)

Others	Acetylcholine releasing agents: α-Latrotoxin • β-Bungarotoxin; Acetylcholine release inhibitors: Botulinum toxin (Botox); Acetylcholinesterase reactivators: Asoxime • Obidoxime • Pralidoxime