Otolaryngology or ENT (ear, nose and throat) is the branch of medicine and surgery that specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of ear, nose, throat, and head and neck disorders. http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Home
The full name of the specialty is otorhinolaryngology;[1] the full term otorhinolaryngology (neoclassical Greek and modern Greek: ὠτο(ρ)ρινολαρυγγολογία), also includes ῥινο- - rhino- (root of ῥίς) "nose". The term comes from the Classical Greek roots ὠτ- - ot- (root of οὖς) "ear", λαρυγγ- - laryng- (root of λάρυγξ) "larynx/throat", and the root -logy "study", and it literally means "the study of ear and throat".
Some people refer to it as head and neck surgery. Practitioners are called otolaryngologists–head and neck surgeons, or sometimes otorhinolaryngologists (ORL).
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Otolaryngologists are medical doctors (MD, DO, MBBS, MBChB, etc.) who, in the United States, complete at least five years of surgical residency training. This is composed of one year in general surgical training and four years in otolaryngology–head and neck surgery; in the past it varied between two and three years of each.
Following residency training some otolaryngologists elect to complete advanced subspeciality fellowship training which can be 1–2 years in duration (pediatric otolaryngology,[2] neuro-otology, laryngology, facial plastic and reconstructive surgery, rhinology, or head and neck oncology).
| Head and neck | Facial plastics | Otology | Neuro-otology* | Rhinology/sinus | Laryngology | Pediatrics* | Sleep* |
| Surgical oncology | Facial cosmetic surgery | Ear | Middle and inner ear | Sinusitis | Voice therapy | Velopalatine insufficiency | |
| Reconstruction | Maxillofacial | Hearing | Temporal bone | Allergy | Phono-surgery | Cleft lip and palate | |
| Endocrine surgery | Trauma | Skull base | Anterior skull base | Airway | |||
| Dizziness | Apnea and snoring | Vascular malformations | |||||
| Cochlear implant/BAHA |
(* Currently recognized by American Board of Medical Subspecialties)
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Rhinology pertains to sinus diseases and the anterior skull base.
Facial plastic and reconstructive surgery is a one-year fellowship open to otolaryngologists and plastic surgeons who wish to specialize in the aesthetic and reconstructive surgery of the head, face, and neck.